Everything about the greenhouse effect

What kinds of greenhouse gases are there? Source?

What is the impact on global warming, ecological environment and human health?

What measures should be taken to prevent it? What is feasible and what is difficult to implement? Why?

How to reduce the CO2 content in the atmosphere?

Greenhouse effect refers to the warming and heat preservation effect of transparent plastic film on protecting microclimate. The heating principle is as follows:

(1) reduces a small amount of solar radiation income, but blocks a large amount of long-wave radiation energy expenditure emitted from the ground, making the radiation budget of the reserve more inclined to income than expenditure.

(2) The plastic film can block the upward (daytime) turbulent heat input from the ground and make the protected land warm.

Atmospheric greenhouse effect refers to the warming effect of atmospheric substances on the near-earth atmosphere, and its warming principle is similar to the above principle 4, that is, with the increase of warming substances such as CO2 in the atmosphere, more long-wave radiation energy can be prevented from being spent in space from the ground and near-earth atmosphere, thus warming the earth's climate. Its possible positive effect is to increase the rainfall in some arid areas and worsen the heat conditions in high-latitude agricultural areas, but the main negative effects are frequent droughts and floods in tropical and temperate regions, melting icebergs, rising sea levels and inundation of coastal deltas. Therefore, reduce atmospheric growth? The discharge of substances is an urgent obligation of human beings.

Greenhouse has two characteristics: the temperature is higher than that outside, and it does not dissipate heat. Glass greenhouses and vegetable greenhouses that can be seen in life are typical greenhouses. Glass or transparent plastic film is used as a greenhouse, so that sunlight can directly shine into the greenhouse and heat the indoor air, and the glass or transparent plastic film can prevent the indoor hot air from emitting outward, thus keeping the indoor temperature higher than the outside and providing conditions conducive to the rapid growth of plants.

The greenhouse effect caused by environmental pollution refers to the phenomenon that the earth's surface becomes hot.

It will bring the following serious consequences:

1) the increase of pests and diseases on the earth;

2) sea level rise;

3) Abnormal climate, increasing ocean storms;

4) The land is dry and the desertification area increases.

Scientists predict that if the earth's surface temperature continues to rise at the current rate, by 2050, the global temperature will rise by 2-4 degrees Celsius, polar icebergs will melt greatly, resulting in a sharp rise in sea level, and some island countries and coastal cities will be submerged, including several famous international cities: new york, Shanghai, Tokyo and Sydney.

How is the greenhouse effect produced? What can we do?

The greenhouse effect is mainly caused by excessive burning of coal, oil and natural gas in modern industrial society, which releases a lot of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere after burning.

Carbon dioxide gas has the functions of heat absorption and heat insulation. The result of its increase in the atmosphere is the formation of an invisible glass cover, which prevents the heat radiated by the sun to the earth from spreading to outer space, and as a result, the surface of the earth becomes hot. Therefore, carbon dioxide is also called greenhouse gas.

Human activities and nature also emit other greenhouse gases, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methane, low-level ozone and nitrogen oxides. On earth, plankton in the ocean and forests on land, especially tropical rainforests, can absorb a lot of carbon dioxide.

In order to reduce the excessive carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, on the one hand, people need to save electricity as much as possible (because power generation needs to burn coal) and drive less cars. On the other hand, protect forests and oceans, for example, don't cut down forests and prevent the oceans from being polluted, so as to protect the survival of plankton. We can also protect green plants by planting trees, reducing the use of disposable wooden chopsticks, saving paper (paper wood) and not trampling on the lawn, so that they can absorb more carbon dioxide to help slow down the greenhouse effect.

Preventive countermeasures of greenhouse effect

Although we can't come up with an effective solution so far, the next best thing is to try our best to curb the growth of emissions, and we can't leave it to fate.

First of all, the tentative target is 2050. If the current situation continues, it is estimated that the average temperature of the earth will rise by more than two degrees by combining the effects of various greenhouse gases. Once the temperature rises so sharply, the earth's climate will change dramatically.

Therefore, for today's plan, it is nothing more than doing everything possible to take countermeasures and try to curb the upward trend. At present, international public opinion is constantly calling for this direction, and research institutions in various countries have also put forward various specific countermeasures.

Unfortunately, after carefully studying various schemes, so far, no one countermeasure has been found to solve the problem alone. Therefore, it is necessary for us to explore all the possibilities and comprehensively consider the effects of these countermeasures.

First, a total ban on chlorofluorocarbons.

In fact, the whole world is working hard in this direction, and this situation is most likely to be realized. If this can be achieved, it is predicted that global warming can be suppressed by about 3% by 2050.

Second, measures to protect forests

Today, the global forests that depend on tropical rainforests for their livelihood are being seriously damaged by human beings. On the one hand, the effective countermeasures are to stop this uncontrolled forest destruction as soon as possible, on the other hand, to implement large-scale afforestation and strive to promote forest regeneration. At present, the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere due to forest destruction is estimated to be about 1 ~ 2gt. Annual carbon emissions. If countries seriously promote the plan of controlling logging and forest regeneration, by 2050, the whole biosphere may absorb carbon dioxide equivalent to 0.7gt. carbon every year. In this way, the greenhouse effect can be reduced by about 7%.

Third, the improvement of automobile fuel use.

Japanese cars have been upgraded in this respect, greatly improving the fuel consumption in the past. In the United States and other places, perhaps because of the rich oil layers, there is no obvious improvement in fuel-saving design, and the fuel consumption is still too high. Therefore, the cars produced in this area have full play in improving fuel design. The reduction of fossil fuel consumption caused by this effort is estimated to reduce the greenhouse effect by about 5% by 2050.

Fourth, improve energy efficiency in other occasions.

Is to improve energy efficiency in other occasions. In today's human life, a lot of energy is used everywhere, especially in the heating and cooling equipment of houses and offices. Therefore, there is still room for substantial improvement in improving energy efficiency, and it is estimated that it will inhibit global warming by about 8% by 2050.

Five, the production and consumption of fossil fuels, tax in proportion.

In this way, manufacturers and consumers can be urged to be vigilant when using energy and avoid unnecessary waste. Its tax revenue can be used for forest protection and the development of alternative energy sources.

Once any fossil fuel is burned, it will emit carbon dioxide. However, its emissions will vary according to the types of fossil fuels. Because the main component of natural gas is methane, its carbon dioxide emission is lower than that of coal and oil. Similarly, in order to generate 1000 calories, coal must emit carbon dioxide equivalent to 0.098 grams of carbon; This is 0.085 grams of oil. If you switch to natural gas, you only need to discharge 0.056 g.

Therefore, it is suggested to increase taxes in the order of natural gas, oil and coal. For example, in production, coal with high carbon dioxide emissions should be taxed at $0.50/10 billion joules in energy, while natural gas is only taxed at $0.23. In other words, the higher the carbon dioxide emissions, the heavier the tax on fossil fuels. As for consumption, the tax rate is set at 23% for coal and 0/3% for natural gas.

Of course, this is the only idea at this stage. But if put into practice, it is expected to provide about 5% inhibition on global warming by 2050.

6. Encourage the use of natural gas as the main energy source at present.

Because natural gas emits less carbon dioxide. Recently, Japanese cities generally use natural gas instead of liquefied gas, and this case is to further promote this movement. However, the effect of inhibiting warming is not too great, only about 1% at most.

Seven, steam locomotive exhaust restrictions.

Because the exhaust gas of cars and locomotives contains a lot of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide, it is hoped to reduce its emissions. Although this method can not directly reduce carbon dioxide, it can produce the effect of inhibiting other greenhouse gases such as ozone and methane. It is estimated that by 2050, it will share about 2% of the inhibitory effect on temperature rise.

Eight, encourage the use of solar energy.

For example, promoting the so-called "sunshine plan" and so on. This kind of effort can relatively reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, so it has a direct effect on reducing the greenhouse effect. However, even if this plan is actively promoted, it will only inhibit the temperature rise to about 4% by 2050. Its effect does not seem to be as expected.

Nine. Develop alternative energy sources

Using biomass energy as a new clean energy. That is, the organic matter produced by plants through photosynthesis is used as fuel to replace the existing high-pollution energy sources such as oil.

Burning biomass energy will also produce carbon dioxide, which is the same as fossil fuel, but biomass can continuously absorb carbon dioxide from nature as raw materials, so it can become renewable energy and be recycled repeatedly to achieve the effect of inhibiting the growth of carbon dioxide concentration.