Suzhou's beautiful and harmonious appearance-a paradise on earth with respect for nature and green development

In London, Malinowski, a social anthropologist, prefaces a new book by Fei Xiaotong, a student. After reading the story of a small village near Taihu Lake, he felt that "the criss-crossing plain of water network is the place where the people of China have been raised materially and spiritually for thousands of years".

This book "jiang village economy-The Life of Farmers in China" and the "Native China" behind it left a distinct mark on Fei Xiaotong. In the magnificent wave of urbanization, his hometown Suzhou has undergone earth-shaking changes, but the appearance of "waterway" has not changed so far. Rivers and lakes run through urban and rural areas and flow quietly with time.

Suzhou, as a representative of water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, is known as "paradise on earth" and owns10.6 million industrial enterprises. It is also called "manufacturing capital". How to scientifically arrange the ecological space of production and life in Suzhou? Successive rulers relay: mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes and grasslands, from single governance to overall protection; Urban and rural areas, from dual structure to overall development; Industry and environment, from contradiction to governance.

All this, as Fei Xiaotong said: each has its own beauty, beauty and * * *.

The River in Memory is back.

The real name of "Jiangcun" is Kaixiangong Village, which is named after the river in the village looks like a bow. In the 1920s and 1930s, it was one of the most developed villages in China. Good water quality and convenient water transportation. The villagers raise silkworms and grow rice. In many cases, more than 65,438,000 ships transport cocoons and raw silk to Shanghai and other places every day. A hundred years later, Wujiang County, which belongs to the village, became Wujiang District, and the roads and houses were completely new. In 20 19, the per capita disposable income of villagers was close to 36,000 yuan.

How far the arrow can fly depends on the tension of the bow, and the river is the bow that constantly pushes the "Jiangcun" forward. Shen Bin, secretary of the Party Committee of the village, said that there is no choice but to do a good job in "water articles" and achieve the goal of enriching the people and strengthening the village with high standards. Wujiang has been included in the Yangtze River Delta Demonstration Zone of Eco-green Integration Development, exploring a new way for ecological civilization and economic and social development to complement each other.

Gongcun Village in Kaixian County was once "lost": rice and mulberries were abandoned, farmland was transferred to foreigners to raise crabs, and small factories processing sweaters and curtain cloth discharged sewage at will. After learning from a painful experience, Xietang retired to other places, rectified "low-scattered and weak" enterprises, and designed parent-child research and rural tourism projects based on "Fei Xiaotong's 26 visits" to revitalize the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River.

This is also a microcosm of the relationship between Suzhou and water.

Suzhou borders Taihu Lake in the southwest and Yangtze River in the north. The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal runs through the north and south, with more than 20,000 rivers and nearly 400 lakes. Water is the soul of Suzhou, which gives this ancient city with a history of 2,500 years inexhaustible kinetic energy: as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, the shipbuilding industry of the State of Wu had flourished; Since the Han Dynasty, agricultural production in the south of the Yangtze River, especially in Suzhou, has gradually caught up with the north by reclaiming farmland and building water conservancy projects. During the Sui Dynasty, the Grand Canal extended to Suzhou to develop water transportation. During the prosperous period of Ming and Qing dynasties, a complete urban group and market system was formed in Jiangnan area, and Suzhou was the center of the whole system.

However, with the rapid advancement of industrialization and urbanization, the contradiction between Suzhou's large population and economic aggregate and its small environmental capacity and strong ecological sensitivity has become increasingly prominent, and there has been a situation in which people and water compete for land and urban water are separated. Excessive sewage discharge, land reclamation around lakes and river encroachment have occurred frequently. In 20 14, the city's wastewater discharge reached its peak 1400 million tons, and 932 black and odorous water bodies were found in 20 16.

Only by retaining the "land of abundance" can we be worthy of "paradise on earth". Suzhou continues to exert efforts to control the water environment, restore the water ecology and improve water safety. By the end of 20 19, a total of 9.3 billion yuan of ecological compensation funds had been invested to compensate 999,000 mu of paddy fields, 305,400 mu of ecological public welfare forests, 40 wetland villages/kloc-0, 56 water source villages and scenic spots 10.26 million mu.

"Smart Water Suzhou" is a key project to improve the systematicness and scientificity of water control. Chen Xiqing, director of Suzhou Water Affairs Bureau, said that the demand for management power has always existed because of the large water surface and many rivers and lakes. "Smart Water Suzhou" promotes data sharing in meteorological, hydrological, public security, housing construction, urban management, environmental protection, transportation and emergency departments, opens up "information islands", improves the capabilities of perception and simulation, decision-making and early warning, scheduling and control, and realizes "all-weather perception, full business coverage and full monitoring process".

Ping is located in the core area of the ancient city. When Wu Zixu built Suzhou City, it was positioned as the main waterway. There are many shops and tourists on both sides of the strait now. In the past, the pollution was serious, and eight cleaning staff salvaged more than 500 kilograms of white garbage on average every day. "Smart Water Suzhou" realizes 24-hour real-time duty, captures uncivilized behavior, and effectively solves the problem of difficult law enforcement and evidence collection.

Ge, an 84-year-old man, said with emotion that when he was a child, the ping was crystal clear and he could jump in for swimming and fishing. After two years of transformation, I saw the "river of memory" flowing back.

The rivers and lakes are connected, and the city and water depend on each other, which determines that the governance of rivers and lakes needs the cooperation of upstream and downstream, and the governance of the left and right banks is common. Suzhou, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Wuxi and other places have explored the implementation of the "river-length joint system", broken down administrative barriers, and formulated management plans according to the natural attributes of rivers and lakes, thus solving a number of problems such as Qingxi River at the junction of Jiaxing. In a few months, the two places jointly cleaned up the silt deposited for more than 40 years.

In autumn and October, "Thousand Waves Paddy Fields" is a unique scenery in Suzhou. Since 20 12 years, the "four million mu" project (high-quality rice, high-efficiency horticulture, special aquatic products, ecological forest land each 1 10,000 mu) has reduced the rice area year by year, becoming more than one million mu, and also acted as the "kidney of the city". Many party and government leaders in Suzhou mentioned that it is obviously not cost-effective to grow rice if the economic account is simply calculated, but it can optimize the ecological environment, highlight the characteristics of the land of fish and rice, and ensure green and sustainable development, which is "worthwhile" in the long run.

The road is blocked and long, and the line will arrive. In 20 19, the proportion of national examination sections and 50 provincial examination sections in Suzhou 16 was excellent ⅲ, which was increased by 12.5 and 22 percentage points respectively compared with that in 20 16, and passed the re-examination of pilot cities and water-saving cities with the highest scores in China. By the first half of this year, all the black and odorous water bodies in urban and rural areas had been rectified. Suzhou Ecological Conservation Development Experimental Zone is planned to be basically completed in 2025 and fully completed in 2035.

"See you in Gusu, people sleep by the river." The scenery written by Du Xunhe, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, can still be seen everywhere today: Zhouzhuang, Jinxi and other ancient towns, with small bridges and flowing water; In the ancient city, the moat rippled under weeping willows; Even Suzhou Industrial Park, which is leading the national economic development zone in comprehensive strength and full of modernity, is surrounded by the lakes and waters of Jinji Lake and Dushu Lake.

Water is the landscape element, economic element and cultural element of a city. There are 2,224 water cultural heritages in Suzhou, accounting for 42% of the total in Jiangsu Province, including water conservancy projects such as dams and bridges built before 1950, as well as ancient wells and inscriptions. In every important water conservancy planning in Suzhou, emphasis is placed on "promoting water culture", emphasizing the continuation of the historical texture and spatial pattern of the relationship between city and water, excavating the spiritual value of water culture, and enhancing the sense of cultural identity and belonging of citizens.

It took 15 years to relocate dozens of households and cost more than 20 million yuan, which is the price paid by Suzhou to repair the 607-meter-long Zhong Jiaxiang River. It is located in Pingjiang historical and cultural area and was once one of the main passages of the moat in the center of the ancient city. Half a century ago, the population of Suzhou City increased dramatically. In order to meet the land demand for building new schools and factories, the Zhong Jiaxiang River and other rivers in the city have been filled in.

There are Pingtan Museum, Kunqu Opera Museum and Liu Yazi's former residence along the Zhang Jiaxiang River, and the charm of the south of the Yangtze River is unobstructed. Xu, a scholar of Suzhou literature and history, said that "land and water are adjacent, and rivers and streets are parallel" is the characteristic of Suzhou. The restored rivers, houses, river bridges and revetments have all become carriers for activating and inheriting water culture. "It not only connects the water system in Pingjiang area, but also connects the cultural attractions along the route. In Suzhou, if you keep the water vein, you will keep the context. "

The developed water transport system and the warm charm of the water town contain a steady stream of development momentum. Suzhou has gradually become a bustling place where merchants gather because of the Grand Canal. Today, nearly half of the freight volume is still borne by the waterway. Since the beginning of this year, the night economy of "Gusu with a comfortable night at 8: 30" has started, and the "Grand Canal City Entertainment and Consumption Corridor" has regained the memory of the canal and reappeared the scenery of the canal. The ancient canal became lively and everyone heard the pulse of the new river.

Xu, member of the Standing Committee of jiangsu provincial party committee and secretary of Suzhou Municipal Party Committee, said that efforts should be made to build Suzhou section into the "most splendid section" of the Grand Canal cultural belt, to promote the deep integration of "culture+tourism", to enhance the connotation of tourism by culture, to promote cultural consumption by tourism, to promote the integration of culture, ecology and tourism functions, to promote the development of "culture+creativity" and to make the cultural and creative industries bigger and stronger.

Zhangjiagang, Changshu and Taicang are three cities along the Yangtze River in Suzhou, which have contributed to the economic aggregate, industrial aggregate, import and export aggregate and port throughput of16 of Jiangsu's cities along the Yangtze River, and are also key areas for pollution control and ecological restoration. Take Zhangjiagang as an example, with an investment of 3.76 billion yuan, all 9 kilometers of production coastline will be adjusted to ecological coastline, and 4 square kilometers of planned industrial land will be vacated.

Before the Wanli Yangtze River entered the sea, it made the last turn in Zhangjiagang. A 30-meter-high maritime building on the shore of Zhangjiagang Bay was transformed into a carp-shaped observation deck overlooking the Yangtze River. The wind was blowing head-on, and water and sky were the same. You can see the scenery and a better future.

Increasing green is the most intuitive embodiment of leaving white space.

As the curator of Suzhou Garden Museum, Xue Zhijian has been to Humble Administrator's Garden countless times, but this year's experience is unprecedented-during the epidemic prevention and control period, he walked alone in the garden, shocked by the ancient people's construction wisdom and immersed in the beauty of natural landscape. "Time and space seem to be suspended, and I feel the magic of the integration of nature and city with my heart. Blanking is the characteristic of Suzhou gardens, and gardens also leave us blank. "

Many courtyards in the Humble Administrator's Garden are inlaid with white walls, dotted with bamboo and stones, leaving more or less gaps; The new Suzhou Museum, which is not far away, chooses white as the main color of the building, supplemented by appropriate black and gray, just like the sketch of Chinese painting.

This blank space style has also been deeply rooted in Suzhou's overall planning concept: since the 13th Five-Year Plan, urban green space145,000 square meters has been added or renovated, the green space rate in urban built-up areas is 37.54%, the green coverage rate is 42.32%, and the per capita park green space area 12.82 square meters.

Although the intensity of land development is increasingly tense, Suzhou's investment in public green spaces and open parks is increasing instead of decreasing, and it is proposed that "large-scale green spaces will be continuously built, and the per capita park green space will increase to 15.5 square meters by 2035." Through the implementation of the Hundred Parks Project, citizens can enter the green space by traveling 350 to 500 meters.

Suzhou's "greenway" is not flat. From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, Suzhou's economy developed rapidly, but the construction of ecological greening was neglected. The relevant assessment was once at the bottom of the province, and later the planning orientation was two percentage points higher than the national standard. Since then, the urban landscape of "garden in the city, city in the garden" has been improved day by day.

"Green is the most intuitive embodiment of leaving blank space." Shao Lei, deputy director of Suzhou Landscaping Administration, said that with the idea of ecological civilization becoming more and more popular, urban construction has put more emphasis on respecting nature, adapting to nature and protecting nature. As an important carrier of urban ecological environment construction, green space needs to absorb the latest concept of ecological civilization, carry out ecological restoration and improve the livable level.

Birds are singing and insects are singing, and the vegetation is fragrant. Being in the urban ecological forest park in Kunshan, you feel quiet and elegant, as if isolated from the surrounding high-rise buildings and traffic. In fact, the park is less than 4 kilometers from the city center. The relevant person in charge of Kunshan said that there is a "green viewing rate" theory in the world, that is, the proportion of green plants in what people see represents the level of urban greening. Suzhou's "green viewing rate" is constantly improving, and the park in Kunshan alone covers an area of more than 3 100 mu.

Taicang ranks among the 20 19 national ecological garden cities announced by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. So far, Suzhou and its four counties and cities have won this honor, becoming the first city with full coverage of national ecological garden cities, and taking the lead in building a "national ecological garden city group".

Holding the secluded mountain all the way, I was between the city and the city. In the green city of Suzhou, the countryside is even more "dark green".

Close to the vast Taihu Lake, nearly 400 farmers are scattered in the embrace of Qingshan, with a green coverage rate of 98%, with an average of 2,200 negative oxygen ions per cubic centimeter. Shushan Village is known as the "Xanadu" outside Gusu City, and received more than 32,400 tourists during the National Day holiday this year. Chen Jing, the boss of B&B in Shushan, said that during holidays, a single room can cost at most 1000 yuan, and it is still hard to find a room.

"Pushing the window to see the green, looking at the mountains and seeing the water, homesickness can be sent." Peng Rui, a residential planner, is from Suzhou University of Science and Technology. He and his team took root in Shushan from 20 12, witnessing the whole process of the vigorous development of rural tourism. He said that Shushan Village is located in Suzhou High-tech Zone, where there are many enterprises and the pace is extremely fast. The original ecological village is like a "soothing device" embedded in it, which organically combines farming culture and industrial civilization to adjust the tense form of the city. It is a kind of "psychological blank" that moistens things silently.

As a "network celebrity punching point", Jijiadun Village in Jinxi Town, Kunshan is surrounded by rice fields. Dense camphor trees are the natural dividing line between farmland and cottages, and two or three waterways pass through the village. Relying on the resources of "water garden farming" and the characteristic culture of "kiln", "water" and "farming", it was selected as the "Beautiful Leisure Village of China in 2020" to attract tourists and artists.

Before the development of Jijiadun Village, most young people went out to work, leaving only the elderly in the village. Nowadays, not only local people come back, but also young people from all over the world are attracted. Lu has just come from Linyi, Shandong. After graduating from college, I worked in the hotel industry in Beijing and Shanghai successively. 20 19 joined a homestay in Jijiadun through a friend's introduction. He lamented that Jijiadun integrated the architectural facilities with the rural landscape, which not only had the convenience of the city, but also retained the natural comfort of the countryside.

Wang Tao, the owner of "Lu Tao Slow Life Art Space", comes from Chengdu and once worked in the media. In order to let children get in touch with nature better, she came to Suzhou to start a business. Every day when I open the window, I can see the river, hear the geese and smell the flowers, and feel that the pace of life has slowed down. "The brand built by Jijiadun is called' Ideal Village'. In such an environment, when children grow up and I work, it really brings my ideals into reality. "

The popularity of the village is growing. Groups of ducks and geese in the village are "well informed" and are not nervous at all when they see pedestrians walking leisurely in the fields. This is an ideal village where people and small animals can enjoy themselves.

Do addition and subtraction well to meet the "new demand"

There is a tidal flat in Changshu section of the Yangtze River that protrudes into the river. It used to be deserted, only a few sparse reeds, and the surrounding water was muddy. The sandbar is rust-colored, hence the name "Iron Yellow Sand". 20 19 10/month, 1 1, the national first-class protected animal, the white-headed crane, appeared here and became big news. This is an endangered and rare animal in China, which has never appeared in Suzhou before. "It shows that the environment is particularly good now and it is a very suitable habitat." Zhou Minjun, a bird investigator at Suzhou Wetland Nature School, said.

The substantial improvement of ecological quality is behind Changshu's firm choice. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the local government has successively invested1600 million yuan to carry out the preliminary transformation, preparing to turn Tiehuangsha into a logistics base. However, in order to implement the requirements of "great protection of the Yangtze River", the development plan has been resolutely adjusted to build an ecological island of the Yangtze River integrating tourism, leisure and vacation. At present, there are more than 7,000 mu of natural plant communities on the island, which is not only a passage for fish breeding and migration in the Yangtze River, but also an artificially isolated migratory bird reserve and an important part of the Yangtze River Green Corridor.

In order to realize the harmonious life between city and nature, Suzhou spares no effort to "do subtraction". Since 20 17, more than 50,000 scattered polluting enterprises (workshops) have been rectified. The combined annual output value of these enterprises exceeds 6 billion yuan, and the tax revenue exceeds 1 100 million yuan. "The number is not small, but it is worthwhile to pay the price for a better ecology, which shows the determination to break with the traditional model!" The relevant person in charge of the Suzhou Municipal Committee said that the limited space should be left to more valuable and effective projects, and the cleaner water and bluer sky should be left to future generations.

Relevant people believe that Suzhou has always been an "excellent student" in economic and social development, belonging to the old model and advanced, but on the other hand, there is also a "model dispute", because as the core city of the southern Jiangsu model, it will be habitually understood as the representative of the traditional development mode. How to upgrade from a high-speed development model to a high-quality development benchmark is a must for Suzhou.

Township enterprises mainly engaged in textile, steel and metallurgy have made contributions to Suzhou, but the limitations of scattered layout, low utilization intensity and low output efficiency have become increasingly prominent. Yu Zhenwu, director of the Equity Division of Suzhou Resources Planning Bureau, analyzed the "February 28th effect", that is, the industrial land with high output efficiency accounts for about 20% of the total, creating 80% of the tax revenue, while the other 80% of the industrial land only contributes 20% of the tax revenue.

In order to promote the development of industrial agglomeration, centralized optimization of layout and efficient allocation of resources, Suzhou launched the "Double Hundred" action of industrial land at the beginning of this year. Delineate 6,543,800 mu of industrial productive R&D land guarantee line, and realize 6,543,800 square kilometers of industrial land renewal in five years. We need space from inefficient land and benefit from existing land. By 2024, we plan to increase the average tax on industrial land by more than 30%, significantly narrowing the gap with advanced cities such as Shanghai and Shenzhen. "The essence is to turn the structure of' smoking in every village' into a reasonable, efficient and sustainable model and fully implement the new development concept." Yu Zhenwu said.

Go out of the low end and enter the high end, do the right subtraction and add at the same time. Suzhou dialectically strives to improve the new content and gold content of the industry. "As long as it is an industry that meets the future development orientation of Suzhou, we all welcome it and the land is guaranteed. How much land and space is needed! " At the start-up meeting at the beginning of this year, Suzhou issued such a "high-profile" voice.

The latest data from Suzhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics confirms the effect of industrial transformation: in the first three quarters of this year, Suzhou's high-tech industry achieved an output value of 895.9 billion yuan, accounting for 36.2% of the total industrial output value above designated size, and its output value increased by 4.4% year-on-year. The output value of strategic emerging industries reached106.78 billion yuan, accounting for 43.2% of the city's total industrial output value above designated size, up 5. 1 percentage point year-on-year. There are 23 newly listed companies, with a total number of 175, ranking fifth among large and medium-sized cities in China; There are 18 companies listed on the science and technology innovation board, ranking third among large and medium-sized cities in China.

Fumin Industrial Zone in Xiangcheng High-speed Railway New Town completely eliminated 1 1 high-energy-consuming and high-pollution enterprises involved in daily chemicals, small chemicals and printing. JD.COM Global R&D Center Project will be launched here, with an investment of about 9 billion yuan, to build a "smart town" with a leading domestic and world-class new economic infrastructure.

Wujiang Development Zone takes the yield per mu as a "hero", and takes the world's top 500 enterprises, state-owned leading enterprises and listed companies with independent intellectual property rights and high value-added terminal products as its goal to enhance the regional economic density and quality. Around the construction of sophisticated industrial structure, improve the industrial chain, optimize innovation chain, and build an ecological chain.

Zhangjiagang Dongsha Chemical Industry Park, built in 1993, used to be a big local taxpayer, but its industrial level is low, its pollution discharge is high, and its security risks are great. Through unremitting efforts, the closure and pollution control have been fully completed, 3,000 mu of land has been vacated, and a new park with coordinated development of production and ecology has been re-planned.

There are nearly 50 enterprises in Taicang Biomedical Industrial Park every year, including many related enterprises in Beijing, Shanghai and the Pearl River Delta. It is planned to build a carrier of 65.438+0 million square meters in three years from 2020, forming an output value of 65.438+0 billion yuan, bringing effective investment of 20 billion yuan and gathering 200 high-quality enterprises.

In addition to industrial transformation and upgrading, Suzhou has also fully tapped the advantages of ecological characteristics and created a new format of deep integration of the cultural tourism industry.

During the National Day holiday this year, Four Seasons Zhouzhuang performed 14 performances, received over10.3 million person-times, and sold over10.2 million person-times. As the first live performance of Jiangnan original ecological culture in China, it has been almost full since 2007. Xu, director of the Propaganda Department of Kunshan Municipal Committee, said that this shows that the cultural tourism market is vast, and it also vividly proves that "clear water and green mountains are priceless".

Tongli Ancient Town, which is adjacent to Zhouzhuang, normally welcomes 5,000 to 6,000 tourists every day, and there are more than 1 10,000 community residents in the scenic spot. The two groups do not interfere with each other. "The scenic spot is integrated with the community, and the aborigines are also part of the landscape, showing the authentic water town lifestyle." Xue Run, deputy general manager of Tongli International Tourism Development Co., Ltd. said that the scenic spot takes a part of the tourist ticket income as the maintenance and repair fund of ancient buildings every year, and operates cultural and creative shops and homestays on the basis of conforming to the format of ancient towns and protecting the style of water towns.

Malinowski believes that culture has profoundly changed the innate endowment of human beings. In meeting human needs, culture creates new needs, which is probably the key to the greatest creativity of culture and human progress. So, what is the "new demand" of modern people?

Liang Shiqiu wrote in "The Streets of Beiping": "There is no shopping in Beiping ... If you want to take a walk, go to Taimiao Jingshan in Beihai Park." It was common to go to the park at that time. At that time, people were very patient with nature and were willing to take the time to experience the changes in nature. Like Suzhou, more and more cities are trying to repair, close and maintain the relationship with nature and create a more livable environment, which is a great satisfaction to the new demand.