What kind of person was Yang Yuting in history?

In today's so-called official history or many biographies about Zhang Xueliang, Yang Yuting is portrayed as a pro-Japanese faction and a sinister villain fighting for power and profit with Zhang Xueliang. They don't know that if it weren't for the warm current from the three northeastern provinces of Yang Yuting, it would have been in the Japanese pocket. The root cause of the September 18th Incident lies in Zhang Xueliang's wrong country (many people attribute the reason to Jiang, saying that Jiang asked Zhang not to resist. In fact, although Chiang Kai-shek is the chairman and the three northeastern provinces have changed their names, everyone knows that the three northeastern provinces are still Zhang Xueliang's. Some cynics say it belongs to the people in the three northeastern provinces. That's true. How dare Zhang Xueliang openly withdraw his troops without going through any so-called referendum or something? From this point of view, the loss of three northeastern provinces lies in Zhang Xueliang. ) The reasons why Japan dared to launch the September 18th Incident are as follows:

1 There is a domestic crisis, so we should divert our attention.

2. The long-term militarism of imperialism.

China has won every battle since the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895.

No hero in Northeast China can receive the so-called 30 million elders. Most importantly, Yang Yuting was killed by Zhang Xueliang.

Yang Yuting, formerly known as Lingge, was later changed to an adjacent pavilion. My ancestral home is Daijialing, Luanzhou, Hebei. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, his grandfather fled with his family to Shangou Village, Fakumenshe, outside the customs. Born in the 11th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1885.8.29) on July 20th. At the age of ten, he entered Mr. Mao's private school in our village. He was remembered for his talent and was very popular with Mr. Mao. A few years later, introduced by Mr. Mao, he went to the Zhangxiucai Library in Tieling County to study and soon became Mr. Zhang's favorite pupil. Mr. Zhang often takes him to Yin Gang Academy in Longshou Mountain, where Tieling literati gather, and makes friends through writing. At the beginning of 1904, he learned from there that the imperial examination system in the Qing Dynasty was about to be abolished, but the northeast was the birthplace of the Qing Dynasty, and the court specially allowed another examination to be held in Jinzhou. He really wanted to take the exam, but his family entered the flag book, and according to the Qing system, "flags are not yuan", he was not qualified to take the exam. He tried his best to do a lot of activities, and finally signed up for reference in the name of a candidate with the same surname in Jinxian County. He passed the exam and became the last scholar in the Qing Dynasty. He is nineteen years old. The following spring, he was admitted to Fengtian School as a senior placement student. He had never been exposed to mathematics, physics, English and other courses offered by the school before, but he was among the best when he graduated, which shocked the whole school. After graduation, he was admitted to Fengtian Army School. 1906, he was selected by the school to study in Japan. After arriving in Japan, I entered the Japanese Army NCO School. 19 1 1 year and return to China after graduation.

In the feudal era of China, all the scholars suffered from the cold window, but few stood out. Most of them are stuck in front of the first threshold of "county learning", and there is nothing they can do, so they live a lifetime of sorrow. Yang Yuting is very lucky. Although the imperial examination system has been abolished at this time, its intangible value is still there, because when people think of the imperial examination, they think of the cold of the snow and the loneliness of the hanging beam, and they also think of the ugliness of making money, trying to get through the joints and climbing all the way. As for young people like Yang Yuting, whether in opposition or in all walks of life, we should look up to them.

What he studied in China was modern military science, which was regarded by the Japanese at that time as a leader in new learning, because it could realize the century-old dream of our poor and weak nation.

There are not many talents like him who can become famous and learn from the West. They were hot talents badly needed by political groups at that time, so as soon as he set foot on the land of the motherland, he was placed in front of him, waiting for him to climb up step by step.

Generally speaking, the old-fashioned people often know nothing about the past, lack enthusiasm for real life, and are insensitive to new things, while those returnees often disregard national conditions and mechanically copy foreign stories, becoming an armchair strategist in modern Zhao Kuo. On the other hand, Yang Yuting absorbed the advantages of these two talents and created its own new advantages. After he followed Zhang, people called him "brain trust" and "little Zhuge". Although he is mostly flattering and flattering, he does feel that he is resourceful and outstanding. He accepted this title because he felt that he had met Zhang, just as Zhuge Liang had met Liu Bei, and his intelligence had been fully exerted. This is a compliment to Zhang for cherishing and caring for talents, but there is no lack of complacency. Judging from the historical facts, he did play the role of Zhuge Liang in the development and consolidation of Zhang regime.

On the eve of the Revolution of 1911, after returning from Japan, he was sent to the artillery regiment of the third town of Changchun Army as a team officer, and soon he was transferred to Jiangwutang in three northeastern provinces as an instructor. After the founding of the Republic of China, he was transferred to Beijing Ministry of War as any first-class clerk in 19 13, and was transferred back to Fengtian as the chief of weapons in the ordnance factory of three northeastern provinces in that year. He was soon changed to captain of ammunition, and the next year he was promoted to deputy director and director. He worked in this important position for fourteen years until he was executed by Zhang Xueliang.

Generally speaking, the rise of Zhang is mainly due to Zhang's promotion, but it is not. From 19 13 to 19 15, Yang Yuting's status soared from Changchun to Shenyang, from Shenyang to Beijing, and then from Beijing to Shenyang, all because of Xu Shuzheng. Xu Bi is four years older and graduated from the Japanese Army NCO School. He graduated from Yang Zao for several years. At that time, he was the commander-in-chief of the army of Yuan Shikai's government, which won Yuan Shikai's appreciation and was very close to Duan. He was an active figure in politics in the early years of the Republic of China. At that time, Xu Shichang, who later became the president of the Republic of China, was called Da Xu and Xiao Xu.

When he was the director of an ordnance factory in the three northeastern provinces, Governor Fengtian was Duan. After Yuan Shikai's death, the world was in chaos. 19 16 years, Zhang took advantage of the situation and drove Duan away, becoming the governor. About what Zhang discovered, there was a saying in the past that Zhang happened to see a sentry marching in the street one day, with strict discipline and neat military appearance, and asked his subordinates, "Whose army is this?" The subordinate replied: "This is the guard trained by Yang Yuting, director of the ordnance factory in the three northeastern provinces." Zhang is very appreciative. That night, he invited Yang Yuting to his home and was very grateful to see him being polite. Later, he was reused.

This is a common plot in China's classical novels. People in the lower classes dream of making such good luck and jumping the dragon gate; People in high positions often use such stories to deceive the world and fool public opinion, so as to show his knowledge and courtesy. As for the path that the promoted person takes and what magic weapon he uses to knock his heart, this is a secret hidden in his heart, and even to the person who sleeps next to him, he never reveals a word. It was a long time before he blurted it out, and even he thought the story was true.

I think Zhang Dui's reuse is due to Yang's personal intelligence, but he is more interested in the relationship between Yang and Xu Shuzheng. He can hook up with the Beijing central government, seek the "legitimacy" of his ruling in Northeast China, and get more benefits from it. 19 16. When Yang was appointed as the chief of staff of the Ministry of Military Supervision by Zhang, it was Xu who was the secretary-general of the State Council. This relationship is too important. After Yang Yuting entered the army, the first important thing he did was related to this Xu Shuzheng. After the restoration failed, Li resigned as president of the Republic of China, and Vice President Feng assumed the presidency. Duan was at odds with Feng and was forced to resign as prime minister. As Duan's confidant, Xu Shuzheng ran around for his comeback, connecting many parties in series, gathering all forces and putting pressure on Feng. 19 18, when he went to the northeast to lobby Zhang, he learned that Feng borrowed 40 million yuan from Japan in the name of the central government to buy weapons and guns. Yang advised him that if he could give these guns to Zhang as a gift, Zhang could push Duan to. A few days later, the ordnance bill of lading issued by the Japanese reached Yang Yuting. It was carried out in a state of extreme secrecy and even Zhang didn't notice it. When the job was done, Yang Yuting was dumbfounded when he submitted the bill of lading. The 33-year-old young officer was deeply impressed by his military strategy. Zhang immediately sent Zhang Jinghui to Qinhuangdao to retrieve the arms. This is the famous mechanical robbery in Qinhuangdao in history. In this way, Feng Jun expanded seven Huncheng brigades, from the original 20,000 to 30,000 to 200,000. According to Mr. Ning Chengen, a former secretary of Zhang and later acting president of Northeastern University, "Without the starting point of the robbery of Qinhuangdao, you can't become an army and you can't win the Central Plains."

The second major event of the Ministry of Military and Political Supervision in Yang Yuting is to rectify the old army and establish a new one. Zhang's old team are outlaws who make revolution with him, and they don't have much cultural accomplishment, such as Tang Yulin, Wu, Zhang Jinghui and others. They are all experts in robbing houses with guns, but they are unable to command tens of thousands of modern troops to fight. In the first direct war, Zhang Jinghui led the troops in the capacity of commander-in-chief of Pinghan Line West Road, and Zhang led the troops in the capacity of commander-in-chief of Jinpu Line East Road, with 50,000 troops going through customs. The command was ineffective and chaotic, and they were defeated only seven days later. In view of this lesson, Zhang authorized to rectify the old army and thoroughly reformed it under the guidance of modern military theory. The whole of Feng Jun has taken on a new look, especially the officers at all levels are from military schools. In the second direct service war, Yang Yuting served as chief of staff, unified and coordinated command, and the army was invincible. It occupied Beijing, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai and Nanjing in a short time. At this time, the whole north of the Yangtze River was under Zhang's control.

Yang Yuting is also playing an important role in developing the economy and various undertakings in Northeast China. According to Mr. Ning's memory, the old commander didn't read much and didn't like reading official documents. He only talks about official business, and the work of the government cannot be separated from official documents. Almost all this was done by Yang alone. Zhang didn't ask for his advice on some things, and Zhang didn't blame him. Zhang's letting go provided Yang with an opportunity to display his talents. At that time, Yang formulated many laws, regulations and policies, especially in employing people. Zhang was deeply influenced by Yang, and attached importance to the talents of science, engineering and economics who returned from overseas studies. Ning Chengen is almost all educated intellectuals among Zhang's top ten secretaries. He attaches great importance to intellectuals who study science and uses them for construction. At present, many large factories in Shenyang, such as Liming, Guangxin and Mining in Dadong District of Shenyang, and Wusan Factory in Shenhe District, had already begun to take shape. In many other cities in the three northeastern provinces, there are many existing large-scale factories, many of which took shape at that time. For example, if you look at local chronicles and factory records in some places, you will find this phenomenon. Of course, this can't be completely attributed to it, but Yang's role can't be underestimated.

Speaking of this issue, I think of a remark by Max Weber, a German sociologist at the beginning of last century: "When a way of looking at a problem is so confident, it is in danger of falling into illusion, that is, overestimating the importance of one's own perspective, especially taking a rather limited perspective as the only perspective." In fact, we used to look at history only from one angle, that is, the angle of class struggle. People like Zhang and Zhang are of course useless, even those ancient sages who "have a heart for heaven and earth, a life for the people, learning from the past to serve the present, and harmony for the world" have no feet. If we can study why Northeast China has become the old industrial base of China from the perspective of the economic development history of Northeast China, the achievements of Zhang, Zhang, Zhang and others will not be completely obliterated.

Folding editing this military career

Feng Jun's central figure

Yang Yuting, formerly named Yu Ting, was born in Sheshangou Village, Hongwuyue Township, Faku County 1885[ 1].

During Feng's tenure, when Zhang was the commander of the 27th division, he was famous for his profound wisdom, so he was appointed as the chief of staff of the division. After taking office, he vigorously rectified military discipline and achieved fruitful results, and began to gain Zhang's trust and reuse. 19 16, Zhang Ren Feng Tian Governor, Governor, and Chief of Staff of Feng Tian Military and Political Supervision Department. 19 18, the government directly under the central government borrowed 40 million yuan from Japan to buy a large number of arms and delivered them to Qinhuangdao. It is suggested that Zhang hijack these arms. With the cooperation of classmate Xu Shuzheng, the robbery was successful. These arms provided Feng Jun with seven Huncheng brigades, and Yang Yuting became the core figure of Feng Jun [2].

Re-enable after exemption

In the autumn of the same year, Chengli Zhang "aided Xiang" as the commander-in-chief, and former army undersecretary Xu Shuzheng as the deputy commander-in-chief and chief of staff. During his tenure, Yang Yuting, encouraged by his classmate Xu Shuzheng, attempted to develop his personal power and conspired to recruit four brigades in the name of serving the army, pretending to be a military department and allocating 3.7 million yuan. When Zhang learned of this incident, he was relieved of the post of Xu Shuzheng's deputy commander, and was also dismissed in the name of "colluding with foreign aid and establishing henchmen". After Yang was dismissed, he served as the military attache of Beijing Presidential Palace and the chief of staff of Northwest Frontier Command. Finally, Zhang was reactivated in 192 1 because of his love for talent, and he was appointed as the chief of staff of the operational department of the General Staff of the three provinces, and also supervised the arsenals of the three provinces. During Yang Yuting's tenure, the arsenals in the three northeastern provinces developed rapidly and became the largest arsenal in China at that time. At that time, people said that Feng had it and Wu had it, and they became Zhang's right-hand man. Established Zhang's dominant position.

Hold military power

With the support of Zhang, he was appointed governor of Jiangsu after the victory of the second direct war. However, due to his arrogance and arrogance, he was defeated by Sun's allied forces of five provinces and lost to the south of the Yangtze River. After returning to Feng, Reng Zhang appointed him as the chief of staff and the supervisor of the Arsenal. 1925, the contradiction between the Luda faction headed by Guo Songling and the NCO faction intensified, and Guo and Yang were in the same boat, which eventually turned into the Guo Songling Rebellion. After Guo Songling's defeat, he was ordered by Zhang to put Guo Songling to death. It was at the end of the year that Zhang and Wu joined forces under the conspiracy. 1926 In February, Zhang was appointed as the commander-in-chief of Ann and the chief of staff of Ann. 1at the end of 927, Han resigned due to illness, and Zhang was appointed to replace the commander of the fourth army in Bill Han. This is the first time that Yang Yuting has mastered military power.

Killed in Tiger Hall

1928, Zhang was killed by bombing, and Zhang Xueliang was in charge of the Northeast. Dakun rectified the reform, abolished the military division and set up a brigade. In view of Yang Yuting's being an important official during his father's administration in Northeast China, he was proposed to be a member of Northeast Security Committee. He went his own way and often colluded with the governor of Heilongjiang, especially on major issues in Northeast China, in an attempt to influence the political situation as a veteran, which ran counter to Zhang Xueliang. 192965438+1kloc-0/0 that night, Yang and Chang forced Zhang Xueliang to set up the Northeast Railway Supervision Office and asked Zhang Xueliang to sign a memorandum appointing Chang as an inspector. This move prompted Zhang Xueliang to make up his mind to execute Yang and Chang in Tiger Hall. Yang Yuting was 44 years old.

After Yang Yuting's death, Zhang Xueliang arrested and detained them after learning that their property had been embezzled by cronies Li Jingming and Wang, and ordered them, Chen Xingya, Zang Shiyi and others to form a liquidation committee to put on record for investigation. Finally, the 600,000 silver dollars in stock plus the real estate license and other things were returned to the Yang family.

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Yang Yuting was born in 1885. He is younger than the old commander (Zhang) 10 years old and older than the young commander (Zhang Xueliang) 16 years old. He is a unique scholar in the high-level department and a graduate of the Japanese NCO School. When Zhang was alive, he was the most valued and served as the chief of staff for a long time. Coach Zhang Zuo Lin Huanggutun died suddenly after being bombed. Jong Zhang Xueliang didn't know how to arrange him at the moment, so his actual role was only to supervise the arsenal in the three northeastern provinces.

Although Yang Yuting was a wise man, he played a dangerous role in the Northeast after the Huanggutun incident. Since you are dissatisfied with Zhang Xueliang and look down on him, you still work under Zhang Xueliang. The last thing Yang Zui should do is to always call Zhang Xueliang A Dou after his predecessors. For Zhang Xueliang, he holds the military and political power in Northeast China, including Yang Yuting posing as an expert elder to cope with the oppression of Japanese warlords. The so-called "suspicious country" can't stand up unless he "stands up". So, under the circumstances at that time, Yang Yuting had a way to die, and Zhang Xueliang also had a heart to kill.

Chang Yinhuai, who is three years younger than Yang Yuting, is the son of a bureaucratic family in Jilin, which inevitably makes his peasant brothers who are generals incompatible with him. He is also a star of the coaching era. He has served as Director of Military Law Department of Beijing Government, Director of Jingfeng Railway Bureau, and Second Minister of Ministry of Communications (the chief is also the Prime Minister). After changing the flag, he was just appointed as the governor of Heilongjiang Province by the National Government.

Yang Yuting and Chang Yinhuai In view of the fact that the Middle East railway in the northeast of China is under the control of China and the Soviet Union, and the Japanese have been pestering to build a new Manchurian-Mongolian railway in the northeast, they proposed to Zhang Xueliang to set up the Northeast Railway Supervision Office to centrally manage the railways in the three northeastern provinces and set up a permanent director. It should be a good idea that Yang Yuting and Chang Yinhuai are both figures that make the Japanese have a headache. But the problem is that they are already dissatisfied with the reality that Zhang Xueliang took over as the highest leader in Northeast China. At this time, Zhang Xueliang really lived up to expectations. He was often addicted to drugs during meetings, so he left a group of uncles and aunts to go back to his room for injections. Sometimes when I get up in the morning, I can't afford to stay in bed (at that time, the charming Miss Zhao Si has come to Fengtian as a "secretary"), so I let the department director stay outside and wait. Angry Yang Yuting took the world as his responsibility and taught him many times to be a good nephew. On one occasion, a director asked to see Zhang Xueliang and found Yang Yuting. Yang said angrily: "I have already taken the lead, and I am still so lazy. How to do this? I will warn him. " Then he led the director to Zhang Xueliang's residence and asked the guards, "Is the commander up?" The guard replied, "I didn't get up." Go straight to Zhang Xueliang's bedroom, knock at the door and shout: "I'm Yang, get up quickly, I have business to deal with." Hearing this, Zhang Xueliang quickly put on his clothes and asked Yang to sit down. Yang actually taught Zhang Xueliang in the tone of his elders: "The curators of various museums have something to discuss. I haven't seen them for a few days. How can this be done? " Not when the coach is around. "The practice of Yang Yuting let zhang xueliang really unbearable. Therefore, Zhang Xueliang angrily said to Yang Yuting, "I can't do it. You'd better do it. " And Chang Yinhuai is disrespectful to "Little Liu Zi" and thinks that he is just the black sheep of lust and drug abuse, so he is also annoyed in public. So when they came together and would consider a mature plan, Zhang Xueliang, a young and energetic man, was completely angered. He choked back his displeasure and asked them to discuss it in the evening on the pretext of "taking a long-term view". However, when the two returned at night as scheduled, Zhang ordered Yang, Feng Tian Police Commissioner Gao Jiyi and his deputy commander to lead six guards into two groups and kill them on the sofa in the hall on the spot! This is the "Yang Chang incident" that shocked for a while.

Generally speaking, Yang Yuting and Chang Yinhuai colluded with the Japanese to oppose the change of flag in Northeast China, so they were executed decisively by Zhang Xueliang. However, in the telegram sent by Zhang Xueliang to the central government the next day, there was no mention of their treason. They only vaguely accuse "their generation is treacherous and dangerous, and it is getting worse and worse, and they are secretly forming partisans in an attempt to endanger the country", and so on. These are all things that have disappeared. In the previous message, "Yang Changpeng kept up with the joneses, causing all government affairs to be restrained by him, and everything went wrong" made people read the clue-it turned out that Jong only suspected that the two of them were obstructing his administration. In order to avoid suspicion, Zhang Xueliang also summoned reporters and stated the process of killing Yang and Chang "according to law". Nanjing government has just arrived in the northeast, and dare not hold local commanders responsible for killing provincial officials (the national government has regulations prohibiting the military from interfering in politics). However, the people in Fengtian seem to see the doorway, and the folk soon became popular with the saying that "when the guards die, Yang often goes".