What is the Isba Xi mutiny? What's the impact?

The Isbash War, also known as the Isbash Rebellion and Isbash Rebellion, was a warlord scuffle that took place in Quanzhou, Fujian for nearly ten years from 1357 to 1366 in the late Yuan Dynasty. Because Isbash was armed by Persians in Quanzhou, this incident was also called "Persian garrison".

The "148-style War", which lasted for 10 years, seriously damaged the social order, economic production and people's lives along the coast of Fuzhou, Xing and Quan, especially in Quanzhou.

Poverty and hunger

Quanzhou was the flashpoint of the mutiny. "Outside the county, the mang is a war zone" (A Brief History of Wudao), agricultural production has been seriously damaged, causing people to be poor and hungry, resulting in an unprecedented tragedy of "cannibalism".

At that time, Da Gui, a monk from Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou, vividly described our county in Dream View Collection (see Quanzhou People's Directory Da Gui and Dream View Collection of Quannan Works): "My county has never been called a Buddhist country, and I have never heard of such a cannibalism. In a bad year, my mind has changed. What is the custom? There are tigers near the city today, and the spirits are hesitant to avoid insects. The princes are not full of meat, and they are anxious to spread red for the hungry! "

Cultural disaster

Quanzhou, known as the "hometown of articles" since ancient times, is a civilized country with vast laws and regulations, but it suffered unprecedented catastrophe in this mutiny. Religious culture has also been destroyed. Due to sectarian opposition, many temples in Jing Qing were destroyed by the war, leaving only an Isuhab temple in Tonghuai Street. He (see He, a list of Quanzhou people) lamented: "With the change of the Pu family, the whole army suffered from fire and there was no survivor" (Chen Maoren's Quannan Magazine, Volume 2).

Racial hatred

The broad masses of the people in Quanzhou were squeezed by the Pu Shougeng family and ravaged by the "148 Xi War". In addition, during the war, Pakistani troops killed many Han people in Puxian and Quanzhou counties along the coast of Fujian, which caused great damage to the social economy of Quanzhou and Xinghua. The people suffered from war and suffered numerous casualties, especially during Wu Na's rule of Quanzhou, who plundered property, raped and killed Quanzhou. During the counter-insurgency war and after the chaos, national revenge was aroused, and many businessmen, missionaries and thugs in Quanzhou and Persia were rewarded.

Qing Jin Yuan Genealogy Shili said: "This is a service. Anyone who is killed by people in the western regions, Hu Fagao's nose, and the crime of manslaughter will be executed behind closed doors for three days. " "every corpse is naked, facing the west ... tell me to punish it five times and abandon it in the pig trough."

"The Genealogy of the Jin Family in Qingyuan:" also records that in the seventh year of Hongwu, in view of the disaster of "Siba", it was stipulated in the imperial edict of amnesty for the whole world that "the remnants of the Du Pu family were imprisoned by Wu Rong, and there was no official position in the world"

Decline of maritime relations

During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the overseas traffic and trade of Quanzhou Port was very prosperous, and it was the largest seaport in China at that time. The direct consequence of the "Battle of Sibashi" was that foreign businessmen died, ran away, and returned to China one after another, afraid to come to Quanzhou for trade again. China * * * was also "strictly prohibited". Since then, ships have been afraid to enter Hong Kong, businessmen have been afraid to start spring, and foreign businessmen have disappeared. In its heyday, Quanzhou lost a lot of Hong Kong dollars and has become a local port for non-governmental commercial activities and overseas Chinese to go abroad.

Scholars from all walks of life hold a negative attitude towards the War of 1480, believing that it caused serious negative effects such as untold sufferings, ethnic vendettas, population decline, economic recession and the rise and fall of Quanzhou Port. However, the academic circles have different views on its origin and nature. The History of Yuan Dynasty represents the views of official scholars in Ming Dynasty, and regards the rebellion of 148 soldiers as the rebellion against Yuan Dynasty. However, some modern researchers believe that the battle of the Eight Scholars in Ye Si was triggered by the power struggle between Fujian and local strongmen at the end of Yuan Dynasty, and it was also triggered by the power struggle between Fujian's political affairs (called "province") and the honest visiting envoys (called "Xian Si"), which in turn triggered the war between local strongmen. Others blame the Isbash war on the sectarian conflict between Sunnis and Shiites in Quanzhou, which is accompanied by conflicts and even killings between the two sects. There is also a saying that the Xi army of Isba intends to rebel against the Yuan Dynasty, which is an event in which Persians tried to establish Isfahang country based in Quanzhou. This statement is also influential in the field of history. Another way of saying it is that the Ba mutiny is a reflection of the court struggle in Fujian in the Yuan Dynasty, a factional struggle between the old Kou faction headed by Kuokuotor and the Prince faction headed by Prince Dala of Zhili for the huge commercial interests of Quanzhou, the largest port in the Yuan Dynasty. Some people think that the leader of the Ba army is only a tool or even a victim of the court struggle. Others attributed the war to the resistance of the Semu people in Quanzhou to the oppression of the Yuan Dynasty.