About the breeding of black-bone chickens

The imperial concubine chicken is a famous ornamental and rare bird used for meat. It is famous all over the world for its unique appearance and delicious meat. It was first introduced to China by the private sector in the 1990s, and has appeared in zoos and a few rare bird farms in big cities such as Guangzhou, Fuzhou, Beijing, Chongqing, Shenzhen, and Shanghai. Most of them are for viewing, and they are also used as rare birds and game in markets or high-end markets. Hotels occasionally show up, because they are rare and precious, and because they are precious, they are in short supply. According to statistics, by 2000, the total number of imperial concubine chickens in the country had been hovering in the range of several thousand, let alone in-depth research, breed selection, development and application of imperial concubine chickens.

In view of this, the Poultry Breeding Center of Guangdong Ocean University has opened a new chapter in the systematic research of imperial concubine chickens since 2002, and established the Chinese imperial concubine chicken breeding research center. Since then, related research on imperial concubine chickens has been carried out and breed selection. So far, 36 special studies on imperial concubine chicken have been carried out, and 23 new results have been achieved. In particular, modern poultry breeding methods combined with molecular genetic marker technology have been used to breed the world's first rare bird and game imperial concubine chicken for commercial use. This series is the only commercial matching system of imperial concubine chicken at home and abroad so far. It also takes a historic step for the rare bird imperial concubine chicken to move from ornamental to commercial, from tradition to modern, and from royal delicacy to ordinary people's families.

Characteristics of a commercial supporting line of rare bird imperial concubine chicken

1 Main features

Imperial imperial concubine chicken is domesticated from the wild and is native to the United Kingdom, France and the Netherlands. In other European countries, it was a rare bird and delicacy reserved for the royal family in the past.

After 5 years of successful new breeding, the commercial supporting line of the rare bird imperial concubine chicken is composed of two pure lines: the fast feathering line and the slow feathering line. The commercial generation can distinguish the male and female at the speed of feathering, and still retains the original imperial concubine. The basic characteristics of the chicken: wearing a phoenix crown, black and white feathers, graceful body, cute and attractive, petite and graceful, elegant and luxurious, good at understanding human nature, it is a very unique and charming ornamental chicken that still has a certain wildness.

Especially rare and lean rare birds, they are petite, well-proportioned, compact in structure, and have well-developed chest muscles; they have thin skin, less subcutaneous fat, strong muscles, thin and hard bones, and small and dense pores. ; With the aroma of native chicken, the firmness of pheasant meat, and the gamey flavor of birds, it is an ideal health food with high protein and low fat. It is very popular in domestic and foreign markets and is extremely suitable for modern people's consumption concepts and dietary characteristics.

2 Appearance Characteristics

It has a peculiar appearance, with three crowns and five claws, and black and white feathers being its most typical features. The base color of the whole body feathers is black, with white flying flowers distributed irregularly all over the body; there is a gorgeous crown on the head, which is shaped like a large spherical black and white flower feather bundle, plus a bright red three-clump crown, like a European noble concubine's hat, more like The phoenix crown of the imperial concubines in ancient my country is known as imperial concubine chicken, noble lady chicken, royal chicken, etc.; the long beard covers part of the face, so that people can only see the big and flexible eyes, the small and short beak, and the large exposed nostrils. ; The beak is short and pinkish white; the skin is pinkish white; the shanks are thin, pinkish white with light black spots; the feet have five claws, and the rooster has a perch.

3 Biological Characteristics As a kind of rare bird (special bird), the commercial supporting line of imperial concubine chicken still has a certain wildness, wide adaptability, and has all the characteristics of domestic chicken; it has an active and rich life. Nervous, agile, good at flying low, and can take off when frightened. Therefore, if you raise royal chickens in free range, it is required to have a fenced sports ground with a height of not less than 2 meters; they are gregarious and do not like to fight, but if the original group order When destroyed, fights will occur; they like to be close to people, and when someone comes to visit the net, they will walk towards it and make a pleasant cry to show their welcome; they have strong phototaxis, and they can enter the house in groups after turning on the lights in the house at night; It has strong disease resistance and high breeding rate, which is related to the higher haplotype B2 in its main histocompatibility complex type; it has a small size, a wide range of food habits, and fast growth. It can be fed to chickens as compound feed, while insects It prefers to eat fresh vegetables, young leaves, grass, etc.; it has no nesting ability and relies on artificial hatching to reproduce offspring. This is another rare characteristic and is in line with the direction of modern breeding and production of high-quality poultry (including egg-laying traits).

4 Production performance

This matching line is a combination of fast and slow feather lines, which is convenient for seed production and easy to promote. The parent breeder chickens have high egg production, low feed intake, and good egg production. The daily consumption is 65-75 grams, the annual egg production is 160-180, the egg weight is 38-43 grams, the eggshell is milky white, and the white is red. The accuracy rate of commercial generation of one-day-old chicks is over 98%, and they can be put on the market after they are raised to 80 days old. The weight of male and female chicks is about 1000 and 700 grams respectively, and the weight of male and female at 100 days old is about 1200 and 900 grams respectively. The weight ratio is 3-3.5:1, and the survival rate is over 96%.

The current research status of the commercial matching line of Erguifei chicken

The key is to develop improved breeds for animal husbandry. Introducing new varieties from home and abroad, and then selecting and promoting marketable supporting lines is a shortcut to quickly and effectively solve the problem of improved varieties. The successful breeding of the commercial supporting line of rare bird imperial concubine chicken is an important measure to optimize the internal structure of animal husbandry, develop efficient animal husbandry, and increase farmers' income.

In recent years, there have been very few research reports on imperial concubine chicken at home and abroad. In particular, the research on the breeding of commercial supporting lines, meat production performance and muscle quality of imperial concubine chickens is currently being carried out in addition to the more comprehensive and systematic in-depth research carried out by China imperial concubine chicken breeding research center (located at the Poultry Breeding Center of Guangdong Ocean University). Not many people are involved in it across the country.

1 Significant progress and preliminary results have been achieved in the breeding and related research of commercial supporting lines of imperial concubine chickens

(1) In 2003, the phenotypic fast feathering gene was discovered from the original population of imperial concubine chickens The frequency accounts for 89.7, while the phenotypic slow feather gene frequency only accounts for 10.3. Based on this, a homozygous slow feather line has been bred, and its slow feather gene frequency has increased from the original 10.3 to 100, and a fast and slow feather gene has been established. A two-line matching breeding system. Obviously, this laid the foundation and provided the conditions for the promotion of the supporting line of imperial concubine chicken.

(2) The original fast-feathered and slow-feathered chicken flock of Guifei Chicken has gone through three generations of research on egg production performance measurement, germplasm characteristics observation, slaughtering performance and muscle quality analysis, and molecular genetic markers.

(3) In order to select and establish fast and slow feather self-separating male and female matching lines, a homozygous fast feather group and a slow feather group have been established - that is, the core breeding groups are 3,000 and 8,000 sets respectively.

(4) The research team headed by Du Bingwang and led by Comrades Ye Changhui, Liu Yanfen, Jia Rumin, Zhang Rui and others has carried out 36 special studies on the commercial supporting system of imperial concubine chicken, such as:

Breeding of self-separating male and female lines of imperial concubine chickens---test cross test of the first, second and third generation slow-feathering roosters; the influence of feather speed genes on the growth and meat performance of royal imperial concubine chickens; storage time and egg quality of royal imperial concubine chickens The influence of weight and weight loss of embryonated eggs on the hatching effect; Comparative study on muscle quality of Guifei chicken and Sanhuang chicken; Comparative study on growth curve analysis and fitting of Guifei chicken; Comparative analysis of body size traits and slaughter performance of Guifei chicken of fast and slow feathering strains; Comparative study of Guifei chicken Fractal characteristics of growth and development; measurement of slaughter performance of 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120-day-old imperial concubine chickens and phenotypic correlation analysis between traits; comparative analysis of meat production performance and meat quality characteristics of commercial imperial imperial concubine chickens; quantitative traits of royal imperial concubine chicken eggs Effects on hatching performance; effects of Chinese herbal extracts on the growth performance and slaughter performance of imperial concubine chickens; RAPD analysis of fast and slow feathering of imperial concubine chickens and research on population genetic relationships; analysis using random primer amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular marker technology The genetic diversity of genomic DNA between the two strains of Guifei chicken, fast feather and slow feather, and commercial chickens was studied, and a cluster analysis of fast and slow feather and their male and female was conducted; the muscle fiber density of Guifei chicken was compared with other native chicken varieties. Research; comparative study on the physical and chemical composition of imperial concubine eggs and eggs of other varieties; research on the nutritional needs of imperial concubine chickens; observation and research on imperial concubine chicken behavior; research on the feeding model of imperial concubine chickens; etc.

At the same time, the Food Quality Inspection and Monitoring Center of the Ministry of Agriculture in Zhanjiang and the Zhanjiang Agricultural Products Quality Inspection Center were asked to carry out nutritional analysis and pollution-free indicators on the whole chicken and fragrant eggs of Guifei Chicken respectively. Inspection and monitoring, this is also the first comprehensive analysis and inspection of imperial concubine chicken in China.

2. The production of famous brand dishes of the commercial supporting series of Imperial Chicken

80 years of cooperation between the Zhanjiang Culinary Association of Guangdong Province and several local star hotels such as Crowne Plaza Hotel and Jinhuihuang Hotel After several months of cooking research on 90, 100, 110 and 120-day-old imperial concubine chickens, the color, aroma, taste and shape of the finished products are basically satisfactory, and several famous dishes have been created. So far, the imperial concubine chicken has been stationed in many hotels such as Lufeng Hotel, Miramar Hotel, Nanjiang Hotel, Golden Lily Hotel, Jinmantian Restaurant, Harbor City Hotel, Haitong Hotel, etc. , Imperial Concubine Drunk, Imperial Concubine Turtle Soup, Imperial Concubine Shark Fin Soup, Imperial Concubine Big Tonic Soup, Seahorse Imperial Concubine Soup, Tonic Imperial Concubine Soup, Casserole Imperial Imperial Concubine, Steamed Imperial Imperial Concubine with Lotus Leaf, Braised Imperial Imperial Concubine Chicken, Shiitake Mushroom Imperial Concubine Chicken, Dry Steamed Dragon Horse Imperial Imperial Concubine Chicken, Garlic Dishes such as "Fragrant Imperial Concubine Chicken" were launched and were favored and appreciated by consumers.

3. Promotion of commercial matching lines of imperial concubine chicken

From 2005 to May 2007, the Chinese imperial concubine chicken breeding research center (located at the Poultry Breeding Center of Guangdong Ocean University) selected The commercial supporting system of rare bird imperial concubine chicken has been promoted to 16 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions including Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Zhejiang, Fujian and Henan. In short , now covers more than half of China, reaching Urumqi and Beijing in the north, Shanghai, Jinan, and Wenzhou in the east, Chengdu, Chongqing, and Kunming in the west, Fuzhou and Nanning in the south, and Zhengzhou and Changsha in the middle.

Advantages and development prospects of Sanguifei chicken commercial supporting system

With the adjustment of the internal structure of agriculture, especially animal husbandry, and the country’s great emphasis on solving the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, this It is undoubtedly a good development opportunity for us to implement the research, development, promotion and application of commercial supporting systems for rare birds and royal chickens.

1 Complete nutrition and delicious taste

As a new bird, it is rich in 17 kinds of amino acids and more than 10 kinds of trace elements, especially the content of selenium, the king of anti-cancer and sun protection beauty. The content of zinc element that resists fatigue and nourishes the kidneys is many times higher than that of ordinary domestic chickens; its meat is: thin skin, less fat, fine bones, firm meat, tender and not greasy; its soup is: fresh, fragrant, sweet, It is rich, delicious and has a long aftertaste; regular consumption has unique effects such as beauty, anti-aging, and anti-cancer. It is the most ideal supplement for the elderly, weak, young, patients, pregnant women, and parturient women. Therefore, it has the reputation of "nourishing turtles better than turtles, nourishing white racing pigeons, and beautifying like pearls", and it is known as "the best among poultry".

2. Small body, less fat

The weight of male and female on the market are 1000-1250 grams and 700-900 grams respectively, which is exactly in line with today's society. Small families can consume one in a meal. The life characteristics and consumption concept of whole chicken; the skin is very thin, the subcutaneous fat is less, and the fat content is 15-20% lower than that of ordinary domestic chicken or native chicken. It is a lean, low-fat and high-protein delicacy, which is undoubtedly both Ideal for those who want to enjoy delicacies and are interested in losing weight and staying in shape.

3. Fast turnover, high efficiency

The commercial imperial concubine chicken can be put on the market after it is hatched to 90 (90-120) days old, with a feed-to-weight ratio of 3-3.5:1, each The cost is 16-18 yuan, the selling price is about 35 yuan each, and the net profit is 10-20 yuan each.

4 commercial generations, self-separating

One-day-old chicks of commercial generation commercial matching series of imperial concubine chickens can be separated into male and female according to feather speed. This is a significant feature of this matching series. Not only does the accuracy rate of male and female identification reach over 98%, but also because it does not damage the chicks, it can increase the survival rate by 4-5 percentage points and save about 10% of the breeding cost.

5. Strong resistance and wide adaptability

Precisely because the imperial concubine chicken still has a certain wildness and is very active, it behaves well whether it is kept in a cage or on the ground. It has the characteristics of an "athlete", so it has strong disease resistance and wider adaptability. In addition to routine immunization, chickens of all ages are almost inaccessible to antibiotics, and their survival rates are above 96%.

6. Produce more eggs and consume less feed

Breeder chickens start laying at 150 days old, produce 160-180 eggs per year, egg weight is 38-43 grams, eggshell is milky white, white The inside is rosy red, and the daily feed intake during the laying period is within 60-75 grams. It can be said to be a rare food-saving rare bird.

7 characteristics that are unique and prevent counterfeiting

The imperial concubine chicken itself has a unique and unique appearance of "three crowns and five claws", which makes it impossible for any poultry to be counterfeited or counterfeited. Anti-counterfeiting mark. In today's society where market competition is fierce and counterfeiting is difficult to detect, this shows its unique advantages and has practical significance and important value for sustainable development.

8 The market is good and the potential is huge

According to expert predictions, only Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macau, Beijing, Shanghai and other places have an annual demand of more than 60 million, while the current number on the market is less than 50 Thousands of them, far outstripping supply. As people's living standards continue to improve and they pay more and more attention to the enjoyment of delicious, healthy, disease-preventing and curative health foods, as the imperial concubine chicken appears on higher-end hotel tables as famous brand dishes, the imperial concubine chicken has grown from the royal palace to the royal palace. The special dishes have entered ordinary people's households in China. A medium-sized city can consume an average of 2,000-3,000 imperial concubine chickens every day, and the annual demand is 700,000-1 million. If they are sold to other places and exported to Hong Kong, Macao and other countries, the annual demand will be It is far more than 200 million. Therefore, it is expected that the commercial supporting system for rare poultry imperial concubines will rapidly develop into one of the most popular rare poultry industries.