Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Hotel accommodation - The Historical Process of Lianhua Mountain in Wuwei
The Historical Process of Lianhua Mountain in Wuwei
There were no temples in the Western Han Dynasty. The Western Han Dynasty called Lingyan Tuo, the Eastern Han Dynasty changed to another day Zhusi, the Jin Dynasty changed to Lingyan Temple, and the sixteen countries called it Grand Temple. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was named Lianhuashan Temple, and in the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhuxi Temple. Liangzhou in Xixia changed its name many times when it was established as the capital. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, it was changed to Lianhuashan Temple, later it was changed to Guangsi Temple, and Daming improved Ying Si Temple. It was renamed many times in the Qing Dynasty. Now the temple at the foot of the mountain is called Jieyin Temple, Kumarajiva Sanzang, a great translator in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He comes here every May 13 to do the land and water dharma meeting, and the Buddha Tucheng in the Tang Dynasty overhauls and expands the temple here. Master Sanzang came to Wuwei at the age of 65,438+00, and one year later came to Lianhua Mountain at the age of 65,438+065,438+0 to learn everything. Master Xi Wei in the early Tang Dynasty also practiced here. The place where the tigress Ma Chao who drank milk as a child was arrested was Liangzhou City. There are many celebrities here, because the merit books of many temples have been destroyed, so there is little information left.
According to the local family named Liu by the ditch, among the eight buttes, the three buttes in the middle are terrible. Buddhism symbolizes the three saints in the west, an ancient pagoda in the middle symbolizes Amitabha, the butte in the left hand symbolizes Guanyin Bodhisattva, and the butte in the right hand symbolizes the great trend to Bodhisattva. Amitabha made a great wish to establish a pure land in the West, with boundless beings and great achievements, and was widely respected and promoted by Mahayana Buddhism. It can be seen that Mahayana Buddhism had a considerable scale in Liangzhou Wei and Jin Dynasties. In Taoism, this place symbolizes Sanqing, with an ancient pagoda in the middle symbolizing Jade Qing Yuan Shi Tian Zun, the butte in the left hand symbolizing the ancestor of Tian Tong in Shangqing, and the butte in the right hand symbolizing Taiqing Taishang Laojun. Among them, the so-called Jade Qing realm, the supernatant realm and the too clear realm are the differences in the fairyland where they live, and the clear sky, the rainy day and the heavy sky are the divisions of heaven. And Buddha means that Buddha is supreme, hence the name Buddha. Sanqing is a great god who created the world, robbed people and spread the law. It can be seen that the Taoist immortals in Liangzhou in Wei and Jin Dynasties have been sorted out. So this place really has something to do with legend, and it is a holy place of Buddhism and Taoism.
In the 12th year of Shan Ying Temple Ming (1447), the inscription of Rebuilding Shan Ying Temple said: "This is a famous ancient temple with quiet mountains and rivers, and it is a magnificent town in ancient Tibet." In the fifth year of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (1469), it was rebuilt in March of the lunar calendar, started in May and was completed in October. "No Liang Quanzhi" contains: "Shan Ying Temple is located in Lianhua Mountain in the west of the city." "Records of the Jinshi in Longyou Wuwei County" also records that "Ming Shangying Temple Monument" was set up in Lianhua Mountain in the second year of Ming Dynasty (1507), and Yao wrote an article. This temple is the earliest one where Tibetan Buddhism was introduced into Hexi from Tibet and Qinghai. Ming Chenghua was completely rebuilt in March and completed in October.
A large number of repairs and expansions were carried out before, during and after the Qing Dynasty, and the temple system was more perfect. Especially during the Jiaqing period, Niu Jian, the governor of Liangjiang, visited his teacher's office (Keqi Village Group 2) three times and wrote a large number of plaques. During the Republic of China, it was restored. Later, bandits occupied the mountainous area and the People's Liberation Army liberated the northwest. Go up the mountain and wipe out bandits. Today, there are more than 72 temple sites, more than 1000, and countless plaques in past dynasties. There are temples, pagodas, courtyards and other buildings, which are the resorts of Buddhism and Taoism on the ancient Silk Road, and the ancient tombs built on the dry beach slope at the foot of the mountain are even more magnificent.
According to Zhu Lin, a Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty, Ashoka built 84,000 pagodas, of which 19 was located in China. They are: 1. Yixian Tower in Huiji, Western Jin Dynasty (Ningbo, Zhejiang), 2. Chang Gan Mansion, Jinling, Eastern Jin Dynasty (Jiangsu), 3. Zhao Shi? Qingzhou Dongcheng Tower (Shandong), 4. Heptachord Hedong Puban Tower (Shanxi), 5. Qi zhou Qishan South Tower, Northern Zhou Dynasty (Famen Temple Tower in Shaanxi), 6. The ancient pagoda is located in eastern Guazhou, Northern Zhou (Gansu), 7. Dacheng Temple Tower in Shazhou, Northern Zhou (Gansu), 8. West Tower of Luozhou in Northern Zhou Dynasty (Henan), 9. Liangzhou in Northern Zhou Dynasty. 1 1. Huoshan South Tower in Jinzhou, Northern Zhou Dynasty (Shanxi), 12. South Qi City East Ancient Pagoda (Shanxi), 13. Gansu Temple Pagoda in Suiyi (Sichuan), 14. Baota, Suiyuan County (Sichuan), 65433.
These nineteen Ashoka pagodas were built one after another from the Western Jin Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty. Over the past 1000 years, they have been destroyed several times, destroyed by countless wars and earthquakes, and even experienced the catastrophe of the Cultural Revolution. Many pagodas have been destroyed, but the pagodas of the ancient Tibetan pagoda (Jinding) in Liangzhou are still there. Judging from the old photos, the relics in the stupa may have been stolen. This is one of the 19 stupas dedicated by the Buddha in the world.
As a result of the wanton expansion of successive dynasties, pines and cypresses that have grown on the mountains for thousands of years have been cut down in large quantities, and the mountains have become more and more bare and the environment has deteriorated seriously. Throughout the ages, the 13th day of the fifth lunar month is a carnival day for all gods and buddhas, and it is also a day for people from all walks of life to gather to worship their ancestors. A grand temple fair and Dojo were held on Lianhua Mountain, and people in urban and rural areas in Hexi area kept coming in an endless stream, burning incense and worshiping Buddha, begging for a wish, visiting the mountain for sightseeing and doing business.
The buildings on the mountain have been destroyed repeatedly in the past dynasties, and they were all maintained by good people after the disaster. Until the end of 1950s, most buildings were kept in the original state. Around 1960, more than 1000 temples on the mountain were demolished and destroyed, and a large amount of wood was burned as firewood or built houses (mainly cypress and Feng Liang). Nowadays, many houses are abandoned. After more than 2000 years of historical vicissitudes, repair and destruction have caused serious environmental problems. A large number of conifers and cypresses in Qilian Mountain have been cut down, soil erosion and vegetation destruction, and all the hills are bare. Before the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), there were many trees in the mountains and hills. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it was cut down beyond recognition, especially during the famine of 1958 and 1960. It was mainly destroyed by 1966, and the maximum quantity is unknown. 1970 was completely destroyed, and 1978 was rebuilt until 20 14. Yang Xiong's Liangzhou Proverbs in the Western Han Dynasty said, "Every season, the king often loses his mind. God is uneasy and his life is cold. " Wuwei dedicated the most precious youth and life to this world and this period of history with this stroke in history.
It is appropriate to climb loneliness from the middle of the tower.
Tie Guanxiong appreciates it and the gold industry favors it.
Empty color in the porch, the sound of drums.
Wan Li is cold in the north and Kyushu is cold in the west.
Clear face, handsome peak and clues.
I know for the first time that after spring, everything is hoofed.
This is the Tang Dynasty Tianbao years, Gao was appointed as the adjutant of the envoy in Hexi, and stopped in Wuwei. I traveled to Lianhua Mountain with my good friend Dou, and wrote "Seven Floating Pictures of Liangzhou" with Dou. This is a steady five-character arrangement, in which many Buddhist nouns and concise words are used. The floating picture is a stupa, and the seven-level floating picture is a seven-story stupa. Huata, a monk or Buddha died and was cremated. Huata is a pagoda built to bury Buddha bones. Yi, that is, highland. Jump up. The iron crown means that the top of the tower is made of iron. The golden realm, that is, the land of King Kong, refers to the location of Buddhist temples. Recruit or invite. Kongse, a Buddhist term, means monk. Drum, an ancient military instrument. The ground is open and the terrain is open. Qingming means Tomb-Sweeping Day. Cai Yan, a gifted scholar. A clue, things start with small things. Yangchun, warm spring. Everything, everything. Baskets, fish clips, hooves, rabbit clips. The main idea of the poem is that the stupa built on the top of the Lotus Mountain stands tall and independent, pointing to the sky. The seven-story stupa and the iron-cast tower top are magnificent from afar, and the beautiful scenery of this Buddha attracts countless tourists to visit. From the window of the Buddhist temple came the sound of monks reading Buddhist scriptures cadently, which spread all over Shan Ye, crowded with people, and the clanging drums of the army practicing martial arts. Standing on Lianhua Mountain in the western scenic spot, we can see that the land is vast and people are suddenly enlightened, but the weather in Liangzhou in the north is still a little cold in early spring. Only when politics is enlightened and society is peaceful can talents be respected. Although spring is a little cold, it is the beginning of everything. After the warm spring, all the plants will thrive in the bright sunshine. In the poem, Gao Shi shows us what he saw, heard, thought and hoped in an unobstructed view, so that we can still feel the glory of Lianhua Mountain in the prosperous Tang Dynasty today. A large number of Buddhist words are used in poems, which shows Mr. Gao Shi's familiarity with Buddhism and superb writing level. Throughout the ages, there are many poems about Lianhua Mountain, but this one written by Mr. Gao Shi is the only famous poet in China and the oldest one, so it is very precious.
There are only three families in the wild, and there are even fewer neighbors in the border village.
Dance in accordance with the club, flute and drum with Tian Shen.
Sprinkle wine on dogs, burn incense and worship firewood.
Witches dance many times, and stockings make their own dust.
This is a trip to the suburbs of Liangzhou by Wang Wei, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, to Lianhua Mountain in Wuwei. In my impression, Tang poetry gives people a sense of beauty, and Wang Wei gives people a sense of beauty. This song doesn't seem to be a Tang poem, nor does it look like a frontier poem in Tang poetry.
The origin of the name of Lianhua Temple (20 14 Jieyin Temple): The Tibetan name of Lianhua Mountain Temple is Nuwamudai, which is the Dojo for Saban to spread Buddhism widely. His sister Soba Mo Ran became a monk here and meditated in the retreat for a long time. During the illness of Sakyamuni Pandita in Baita Temple, he often visited and asked about the time of farewell. On hearing the news of the death of the French king, she said, "In the future, all the descendants of Tibetans will die lying down, so Soba will let Mo die standing." . As soon as the voice fell, there was no electricity. After his death, he put his spiritual relic and two tooth ages into a Buddha statue made of pig iron and enshrined it in a temple.
Without saving any structural work, a mountain peak stands in the white clouds.
High and low pressure Nanshan terrain near the Arctic skylight.
The wind sent the clock to the sky, and the rain fell red and the sky was clear.
Ann can walk on the Dan ladder and wander around all day, thriving and not poor.
This is a poem about pagodas written by Dai Yang in Ming Dynasty. The grandeur and scale of its description can be seen. In terms of scenery and scale, it is one of the few Buddhist and Taoist shrines in Hexi Corridor and even in the northwest.
The mountain is close at hand, but there are no pearls everywhere.
The medicine spring draws water for the tea stove, and turquoise falls into the picture.
The imperial clan lies and swims in the beautiful scenery of the ancient well, and Kuang Lu associates with me.
I have been back for four years, and my baby is disabled. I have just arrived in the pot, and the weather is very different.
This is the third of "Four Poems of You Lian Shan in Five Summers" written by Zhang in Wuwei County Records and Documentary Records in Qing Dynasty. Lianhua Mountain is a branch of Qilian Mountain, located in the southwest of Wuwei City 13 km (now Group 3, Keqi Village, Songshu Township, Liangzhou District, Wuwei City). When the weather is fine, go climbing.
On the top, I looked at the southwest pole of my neck, but I saw mountains surrounded by overlapping dangers, leaping like dragons and tigers, vast and desolate, steep and majestic. Looking to the northeast, it is an oasis in Ma Pingchuan, and Wuwei where wheat and millet are fragrant. Because of the large-scale ancient buildings on the mountain, the temples are connected, the mountain springs are beautiful and the scenery is pleasant, and it has always been a tourist attraction in Wuwei. According to Zhang's Wuwei County Records in Qing Dynasty; "Lotus Mountain is layered like a lotus, and the spring water haunts the temple, driving the rafters to browse the irrigation garden. There is also water to cure diseases, the common name is' medicine spring'. " I remember again; "Good should temple, lotus hill in the west. Preservation and reconstruction in Chenghua year. There are also temples such as Zhu Xi, Maitreya, Guanyin, Zhunti, Sanguan, Infinite, Lingguan and Hei Hu. There is a tower on the hillside, at the top of the temple. " A large number of cultural relics in the mid-Western Han Dynasty were unearthed in the ancient tombs on the dry beach slope below the mountain. In the book "Rebuilding the Infinite Hall of Lianhua Mountain", the temple was destroyed by two mountain fires in Yuan and Qing Dynasties. It can be seen that many temples on Lianhua Mountain were first built in the early Western Han Dynasty and later in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. According to research, it was rebuilt in the Ming Dynasty. Unfortunately, due to the destruction of natural factors such as earthquakes, some buildings collapsed. So far, only one brick tower has reached the sky. This tower is a famous ancient tower in Liangzhou, and the relics dedicated to Sakyamuni Buddha can be seen dozens of miles away. In addition, the rest of the buildings have disappeared.
Hexi old customs, every year after the Dragon Boat Festival in the fifth lunar month, the weather is warm, farming is relaxing, and tourists are going up the mountain. On May 13, there was a grand temple fair at Qingying Temple in Lianhua Mountain. Farmers in Wuwei and citizens in the city flocked to it. There are people who worship Buddha and burn incense, people who make wishes for their children, people who visit and run enterprises. In May, girls in Wuwei embroidered wallets during the Dragon Boat Festival. When you go to the temple fair, you will hang it around your neck, and young people will come to grab it. If you don't see young people robbing you, it will be disgraceful. There are girls and boys singing folk songs on the hillside, singing and laughing, at a loss. There are many poets among literati poets. In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang and his friends climbed the Lotus Mountain and improvised a poem saying, "Before I got to Lingyan, I was idle, and I stepped on the wall to break loose." The cliff was collected by Yu Yun, and the Hongqiao stone was broken. " Wrote the scenery of Lianhua Mountain at that time.
Scholars in past dynasties often went to Lianhua Mountain to express their feelings, poetry and painting, in order to praise the wonder and grandeur of the mountain. The Seven-level Floating Map of Liangzhou by Tang Dynasty poets Gao Shi and Dou Shi Deng Yu; King Saban, the leader of Tibetan Buddhism in Yuan Dynasty, gave a lecture in Lianhua Mountain, and Saban's sister meditated and died in Jinding. Dai Yang wrote tower poems in Ming Dynasty; Zhang, a native of Wuwei in Qing Dynasty, spent five days in Lianhua Mountain in summer and wrote four poems. There are also animal culture and stone songs written by Chen Bingkui.
Zhang Daqian, a famous painter, visited Lianhua Mountain twice, praised its grandeur and drew a picture of Lotus Mountain Waterfall (this picture is now in Tianjin People's Fine Arts Publishing House). His inscription is: "Gong Fanlin Yu, Lianhua Mountain in the southwest of Wuwei, has many buildings in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, which are unobstructed and reach the peak. "The Big Idiot" was written by the Fang family and used as a travel note, and it is seven lotus months. " Ding Meiru, a Manchu from Wuwei, wrote "Lotus Mountain Map" in the second year of the Republic of China, with the inscription: "The peaks of the mountain are covered with green screens, and the golden top of the lotus peak is reflected on the balcony. Rainbow beams hang waterfalls, and the winding path of sheep intestines has loops. Haze and clear clouds satisfy Han Xiao, and the clock produces music and rhyme for half a day. I am interested in painting it as a sleeping journey, so as not to trudge. " These two excellent poems and paintings vividly describe the wonderful landscape of nature and humanity in Lianhua Mountain, which makes explorers feel immersive after reading them.
Liangzhou Ancient Tibetan Pagoda (Ancient Tibetan Pagoda) is located at the top of the temple in the abdomen of Lianhua Mountain. According to textual research, the relic is enshrined here. This is the ancient Tibetan ancient pagoda in Liangzhou recorded in historical books, also known as Manjusri Bodhisattva Pagoda. This pagoda is a pavilion-style building imitating India, which contains pharmacists and Buddha statues. The Taoist priest's Fa Zhu Yuan Lin said that Ashoka built 84,000 Buddhist pagodas, of which 19 was located in China. They are: 1. Yixian Tower in Huiji, Western Jin Dynasty (Ningbo, Zhejiang), 2. Chang Gan Mansion, Jinling, Eastern Jin Dynasty (Jiangsu), 3. Zhao Shi? Qingzhou Dongcheng Tower (Shandong), 4. Heptachord Hedong Puban Tower (Shanxi), 5. Qi zhou Qishan South Tower, Northern Zhou Dynasty (Famen Temple Tower in Shaanxi), 6. The ancient pagoda is located in eastern Guazhou, Northern Zhou (Gansu), 7. Dacheng Temple Tower in Shazhou, Northern Zhou (Gansu), 8. West Tower of Luozhou in Northern Zhou Dynasty (Henan), 9. Liangzhou in Northern Zhou Dynasty. 1 1. Huoshan South Tower in Jinzhou, Northern Zhou Dynasty (Shanxi), 12. South Qi City East Ancient Pagoda (Shanxi), 13. Gansu Temple Pagoda in Suiyi (Sichuan), 14. Baota, Suiyuan County (Sichuan), 65433. These nineteen Ashoka pagodas were built one after another from the Western Jin Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty. Over the past 1000 years, they have been destroyed several times, destroyed by countless wars and earthquakes, and even experienced the catastrophe of the Cultural Revolution. Most pagodas have been destroyed, but the pagodas of the ancient Tibetan ancient pagoda in Liangzhou, Lianhua Mountain are still there. Judging from the old photos, the Buddhist bones in the stupa may have been stolen. This is one of the 19 places in the world dedicated to the ancestors of Sakyamuni.
There is a clear spring named Wang Yaoquan in Laqianggou on the tower side. It's cool in spring. At the temple fair in May 13 of the lunar calendar, thousands of people and animals went up the mountain to drink this water. It is said that water can cure diseases. There is a rock by the spring. According to legend, there is no water here. After Soba asked Mo to move the rock with her feet, the spring water appeared and left her footprints on the stone. So far, the tower has cracked, but it still stands halfway up the mountain, standing in the highlands of the city and looking west. You can see the tower when the weather is fine. There are more than 70 original temples and Taoist temples in Lianhua Mountain, including more than 70 pavilions, pavilions, temples, towers and courtyards 1000. The temple is built on the mountain, far away from each other, with magnificent scale, beautiful environment, beautiful mountain springs and pleasant scenery. The statues of Buddhism and Taoism are magnificent and lifelike; The murals are superb in skills and smooth in lines; The plaque on the doorpost is tall and handsome, with high artistic value. Existing relics: Buddhism includes Shan Ying Temple, namely Lotus Temple, Lotus Temple, Hokkeji, Blissful Palace, Zhuxi Temple, Pharmacist Buddha Hall, Maitreya Hall, Burning Ancient Buddha Hall, Zhunti Hall, Infinite Hall, Guanyin Hall, Guanyin Hall, Runwheel Hall, Dashi Hall, Three Temples, Wei Tuo Hall, Baita Temple, Daguanyin Hall, Xiaoguanyin Hall, Great Compassion Pavilion, etc. Taoism includes: Jade Emperor Pavilion, Immortal Emperor Pavilion, Emperor Hall, Arctic Emperor Hall, Houdi Hall, Wulong Palace, Shangtaizi Hall, Wangyao Hall, Huatuo Hall, Sanjiao Hall, Niuwang Mazu Hall, Sanhuang Hall, Sanshan Wuyue Hall, Bule Hall, Huobu Hall, Wenbu Hall, Arctic Fourth Hall, Tan Xuanzhen Hall and so on. Hei Hu Financial Temple, Sanxing Temple, Youtuo Temple, Chunqiu Pavilion Temple, Pipu Temple, Mubang Temple, San Xiao Temple, Xinbaizi Pavilion, Laobaizi Pavilion, Wenchang Palace, Kuixing Pavilion, Empress Dowager Temple, Motherless Temple, Fenshui General Temple, Gong Ling Palace, Laojun Cave, Gongde Temple, etc. There are also Shangchaoyangdong, Xiachaoyangdong, Heha Erjiangtang, ShangTianqiao, and Gongde Hall. The existing cultural relics include Jinding Pagoda, ShangTianqiao, Daiyu Bridge, and (beast aragonite, with white and blue, tigers, wolves, deer, horses, cows and sheep, hence the name beast aragonite. Locals also call it Xuan Shi or Ruishi. It is said that during the Western Jin Dynasty, the "Eight Kings Rebellion" brought endless pain to the people. Only Liangzhou has a stable life, because there are "auspicious signs everywhere" and "stones of beasts" in Liangzhou area (recorded in the Book of Jin and Zhang Chuan). Since then, as one of the totems of the ancient Qiang people, the beast aragonite has absorbed the essence of the sun and the moon after years of baptism, and showed the world spells, drug king springs, ancient clocks and stone tablets.
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