Why did Zhao Kuangyin leave a message for his younger brother in the dispute of moving the capital? "Within a hundred years, the people of the world will be strong." ?

After Zhao Kuangyin destroyed the Southern Tang Dynasty, there were only two nominally independent regimes in the south, wuyue and Zhang Quan. According to Zhao Kuangyin's established policy of dominating the whole country, he should destroy these two regimes in one fell swoop. However, Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin did not go to war immediately. On the contrary, in 976, they sent people to visit Luoyang in Xijing. His trip to Luoyang triggered a big debate-the dispute of moving the capital. Why did Song Taizu move the capital? Is there anything hidden in moving the capital?

Reasons for leaving hidden dangers

After the recovery of Jiangnan, Zhao Kuangyin did not include wuyue and Qingyuan Army (Zhang Quan), the two remaining regimes in the south, into the territory of the Great Song Dynasty at one time, mainly for two reasons:

First, because these two regimes have completely lost their resistance to the Great Song Dynasty, especially wuyue, actively responded to the call of Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin and personally participated in the military action against Nantang. As the main force of the siege of Jinling, wuyue made important contributions to the attack and destruction of the Southern Tang Dynasty. Chen claimed to be a vassal state of Dasong at the beginning of Song Dynasty, and separated from Zhangzhou and Quanzhou. After being captured in Jiangnan, he was keenly aware of the crisis he was facing. In order to strengthen friendly relations with the Dasong regime, he sent his son to Tokyo.

"Continuing the history as a mirror" has been published for seventeen years: "The Pinghai Festival made Chen enter the DPRK with Jiangnan and wuyue, so he was not at ease. Wu Yin sent his son Zhangzhou to make a tribute to property, kneel down and make a promise."

Although it is not difficult for this kind of submissive person to subdue them soon, it will undermine the demeanor of a great country and do not conform to the highest ideal of "peaceful reunification" that Zhao Kuangyin has been pursuing.

The second reason is that when wuyue and Dasong jointly attacked Jiangnan, Li Yu personally wrote a letter to wuyue in an attempt to disintegrate the alliance between the two regimes. The content is as follows: the lips are dead and the teeth are cold. Without me today, tomorrow is your death! Once wuyue is incorporated into the territory of DaSong, you will never enjoy the status of king again. You are just a commoner of DaSong.

And wuyue in order to show his loyalty (in fact, there is a little mind), in order to avoid "a wily rabbit dies, a running dog cooks", sent messengers to send this letter to Zhao Kuangyin. Facing what Li Yu said, Zhao Kuangyin naturally didn't want a loser to hit the nail on the head. In order not to lose ammunition, Zhao Kuangyin did not rush to include wuyue and Zhang Quan in its territory after recovering the Southern Tang Dynasty.

In fact, what Zhao Kuangyin should consider is how to unify the North, how to restore the Northern Han Dynasty, and how to deal with the threat of Liao. However, Zhao Kuangyin's understanding of Tokyo, the capital of the Song Dynasty, changed, resulting in the idea of moving the capital. To this end, he wants to make an investigation himself. Unexpectedly, Zhao Kuangyin's idea of moving the capital caused a series of problems.

The whole story of the dispute of moving the capital.

In 976, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin wrote a letter saying that he would visit Luoyang in Xijing in April. This inspection found two sufficient reasons: first, to pay homage to his father Zhao's Yong 'an Mausoleum; The second is the worship of heaven in the southern suburbs of Xijing Luoyang. Although these two reasons are profound, people around Zhao Kuangyin are very clear about the purpose of his visit, so they strongly oppose them.

Zhao Kuangyin, regardless of the opposition and dissuasion, insisted on going to Luoyang. According to the plan, he first went to the ancestral tomb in Gongyi, and then held a ceremony to worship heaven in the southern suburbs of Luoyang. After everything was handled properly, Zhao Kuangyin showed no sign of leaving, but stayed in Luoyang. His entourage knew what Zhao Kuangyin meant, so no one dared to remonstrate and return to Beijing.

However, Li Huaizhong followed Zhao Kuangyin to Luoyang. He advised Zhao Kuangyin: "Tokyo has land and water transportation channels along the Bianhe River, which transports millions of grains from the Yangtze River and Huaihe River every year. There are hundreds of thousands of troops in Kyoto, and they all rely on this waterway for supplies. If your majesty lives here, what will the army eat? Besides, our foundation is very solid on the girder. If you move the capital to Luoyang in a hurry, you really don't find any benefits. "

"Continuing the History as a Mirror" has been published for seventeen years: "Tokyo has canals and tributaries. At the age of eighteen, Jianghuai welcomed millions of meters and dropped hundreds of thousands of soldiers. Your majesty lives here, will it be taken safely? Moreover, the treasure is armed to the teeth and is in the girder. Over time, it has been firmly established and cannot be shaken. I really don't see it if I move the capital abruptly.

In the face of Li Huaizhong's warning, Zhao Kuangyin showed no mercy. According to the record of "A Mirror for Continuing Education", Zhao Kuangyin directly rejected Li Huaizhong in just four words. So what attracted Zhao Kuangyin to Luoyang, and made Zhao Kuangyin decide to move the capital to Luoyang regardless of the opposition of all? Let's compare the status of Kaifeng and Luoyang during the Great Song Dynasty.

The first thing to consider is, why did the capital city have to be in Kaifeng at the beginning of the Song Dynasty?

The difference between Kaifeng and Luoyang

I. Historical factors

Zhao Kuangyin, who was "dressed in a yellow robe", got the Da Song Dynasty through the mutiny in Chen Qiao in his sleep, and then seized the power of the Later Zhou Dynasty by thunder and peaceful means. At that time, Kaifeng was the capital of the Zhou Dynasty, and Zhao Kuangyin almost took over the Zhou Dynasty as a "pick-up man", so Kaifeng naturally became the capital of the Song Dynasty.

In the Five Dynasties, Kaifeng was the capital of Hou Liang, Houjin, Houhan and HouThursday. In other words, Kaifeng has always been favored by the royal family and deeply influenced by culture. Especially in the glorious period of the later Zhou Dynasty, Kaifeng had a sharp increase in population and dense houses, and suddenly became the first center in the world at that time.

In Zhou Shizong period, in order to maintain the image of Kaifeng, Zhou Shizong carried out a drastic transformation of Kaifeng, which made Kaifeng form a triple pattern of outer city, inner city and imperial city. Kaifeng has fully possessed the scale of being the capital of a unified country, which is the biggest foundation of Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty.

Second, geographical factors.

The History of Song Dynasty (Volume 93) and the Records of Rivers and Channels contain: "With the strength of Liang Sifang, the pivot of the world can control the four seas, so Bu Jingyi should make his capital." Kaifeng is located at the southern tip of the North China Plain, in the hinterland of the Central Plains, occupying this place can completely overlook the whole country and show the demeanor of a big country. Ma Pingchuan around Kaifeng is conducive to dispatching troops and controlling local unrest.

Third, traffic factors.

We can clearly see from the map of the Great Song Dynasty that Kaifeng is not only located in the center of the Central Plains, but also enjoys convenient land and water transportation, and is a veritable "meeting of the four great powers".

There are several main trunk roads on land: from Kaifeng to the north, passing through Sliding State (now hua county, Henan Province), Yizhou (now Puyang, Henan Province) and Daming (now Daming, Hebei Province), reaching all the states in Hebei Province and the capital of Liao State.

There are two main roads from Kaifeng to the east: one is to reach Shandong Peninsula via Cao Zhou, Jeju, Yanzhou and qi zhou; First, it can reach Haizhou (now Lianyungang, Jiangsu) via Nanjing (now Shangqiu, Henan) and Xuzhou (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu).

From Kaifeng to the south, it can reach the middle reaches of Huaihe River via Chen Zhou (now Huaiyang, Henan). To the west, you can cross Luoyang, and then reach Qin Zhou (now Tianshui, Gansu) and Sichuan.

Kaifeng not only has the convenience of land, but also has developed waterways. In Song Dynasty, Kaifeng was a city dominated by waterways, and it was also the center of national waterway transportation. In Song Dynasty, Kaifeng had four waterways, namely Bianhe River, Yellow River, Huimin River (Caihe River) and Guangji River (Zhangwu River), among which Bianhe River was the most important, which ensured the material supply of the army in Northern Song Dynasty.

Fourth, military factors.

In the Qing Dynasty, Gu Zuyu made the following instructions in the preface to the Notes of Reading Historical Records and Henan Records: "Henan was also called the land of the Four Wars in ancient times. When it comes to the world, Henan has a fight. The world is set, and staying in Henan is in jeopardy. "

That is to say, Kaifeng, Ma Pingchuan, has convenient transportation, but because there are no mountains and rivers around, there is no natural barrier to rely on. If the Liao army goes south, it will be like no one's business in the North China Plain, which is the only disadvantage and the most obvious disadvantage of Kaifeng.

To sum up, the advantage of Luoyang is not as good as Kaifeng, and the fame of Zhao Kuangyin I can't be missed. Therefore, after others protested for the third time, Song Taizu and Zhao Kuangyin finally changed their decision.

The Moral Hat of Zhao Guangyi, King of Jin Dynasty

Zhao Guangyi, Zhao Kuangyin's younger brother, has made great contributions to the unification of Dasong. He advised Zhao Kuangyin: "It is inconvenient to move the capital to Luoyang." Zhao Kuangyin replied, "It's not enough to move to Henan. It will take a long time to move to Chang 'an. "It means that moving the capital to Luoyang is not a long-term solution. The long-term solution lies in moving the capital to Chang 'an.

Zhao Kuangyin went on to explain: "I will move westward without this, and I want to go to redundant soldiers according to the victory of mountains and rivers, and follow the story of Zhou and Han Dynasties to secure the world." As expected, Zhao Kuangyin moved out of Kaifeng House, which had no natural barrier to rely on and no geographical advantages of mountains and rivers, and also moved out of Zhou Dynasty and Han Dynasty, which proved that the prosperity of these dynasties was due to the good use of the natural advantages of geographical location and the elimination of miscellaneous military expenses, thus realizing the long-term stability of the Dasong Dynasty.

Zhao Guangyi dismissed Zhao Kuangyin's remarks, saying that "it is not dangerous in Germany". And said: "Mencius has long said that' the weather is not as good as the geographical position, and the geographical position is not as good as human harmony'." Faced with the moral hat sent by Zhao Guangyi, Taizu was speechless for a moment. According to the record in the long edition of "Continuing the History as a Mirror", he said, "I didn't answer."

After Zhao Guangyi, the king of Jin, left, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin turned to the people around him and said, "What the king of Jin said is really good, and I will do it. Within a hundred years, everyone in the world will be strong. "

The next day, Song Taizu wrote a letter and returned to Tokyo Kaifeng. On the ninth day of March, he set out from Kaifeng and returned to Kaifeng on April 15. Zhao Kuangyin's westward journey lasted for more than a month. The goal of "visiting Xijing Luoyang and preparing to move the capital to Xijing" was finally aborted at the suggestion of many ministers, especially Zhao Guangyi, the king of Jin. This is the whole process of moving the capital.

summary

Although it is recorded in the history books, we can still see many clues from it. For example, all the ministers, including his good brother Li Huaizhong, did not give him face. No matter what they say, Zhao Kuangyin is always obedient. After his younger brother Zhao Guangyi came, it was a little too simple to "persuade" Zhao Kuangyin to change his mind in a few words.

Moreover, Zhao Kuangyin stayed in Luoyang after finishing all the work, as if waiting for someone. After Zhao Guangyi came, if Zhao Kuangyin was really persuaded, how could he leave "this aunt"? Within a hundred years, the people of the world will be strong. "So unlucky?

In addition, Zhao Kuangyin died at a candlelight dinner after returning to Beijing, and his brother Zhao Guangyi became the second emperor of Dasong, which is really puzzling.