How to save yourself and escape in the face of fire?

Family residence mainly consists of living room, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, balcony and other parts. According to the floor, it can be divided into bungalow apartment and floor apartment. Among them, houses with floor units are divided into high-rise single houses and general houses according to height, and most of their building structures are reinforced concrete structures with first-class fire resistance, and a few are brick-concrete structures with second-class and third-class fire resistance. The building is densely populated with people, electrical appliances, flammable and combustible substances, heavy fire load, narrow evacuation passage, high possibility of fire, and it is difficult for people to escape after a fire.

Escape method

1. Use doors and windows to escape.

Most people use this method when they are trapped in a fire. The prerequisite for using doors and windows to escape is that the fire is not big and has not spread to the whole house. At the same time, it should be carried out when the trapped personnel are familiar with the passage in the combustion zone. The specific method is to wrap the quilt and mattress with water and rush out of the trapped area. Or tie one end of the rope to the cross frame in the window (or on other indoor fixed members, if there is no rope, it can be replaced by sheets or curtains wrapped in cloth), and tie the other end to the armpit and abdomen of children or the elderly, put it in the ground or lower window along the window, then break the window and enter the room to evacuate from the passage, and others can slide down along the rope.

Use the balcony to escape

In fire, when doors and windows can't escape, balconies of adjacent units on each floor of high-rise residential buildings are generally connected from the seventh floor. If you are trapped on such a floor, you can break the partition between balconies, then enter another unit from the balcony and then enter the evacuation passage to escape. When there are no connected balconies in the building, and the distance between balconies is close, indoor bedplates or door panels can be placed between balconies and bridged. If the corridor is full of smoke and impassable, you can close the doors and windows connected to the balcony and take refuge on the balcony.

3. Use space to escape

This method can be used when the indoor space is large and the fire load is not large. The specific method is: clean the combustible materials in the room (both in the bathroom and kitchen, preferably with water in the room), and at the same time remove some combustible materials in the room connected with this room to eliminate the threat of open fire to doors and windows, then close the doors and windows communicating with the burning area to prevent smoke and toxic gases from entering, and wait for the fire to be extinguished or the rescue of fire control institutions.

Step 4 use the time difference to escape

When the fire closes the passage, you can use the time difference to escape. The specific method is: first evacuate people to the room farthest from the fire, and prepare quilts, blankets, etc. Inside, soak them and use doors and windows to escape from the burning room.

Use pipes to escape

When there is a water pipe or water supply pipe on the wall outside the room, people who have the ability can use the pipe to escape. This method is generally not suitable for women, the elderly and children.

The situation of the fire is ever-changing, and the escape should be based on the actual situation. Knowing the above methods, you can't say that you can save your life under any circumstances, but one thing must not be forgotten, that is, you should always pay attention to fire prevention, and it is safest not to have a fire around you.

(2) escape measures

1. Please help yourself.

In case of fire, the first measure must be how to save yourself.

(1) Put out a small fire and prevent it from spreading.

When a fire breaks out, if the fire is small and has not caused a great threat to people, and there are enough fire extinguishing equipment around, such as fire extinguishers and fire hydrants, efforts should be made to control the small fire until it is extinguished; Don't panic, ignore a small fire and cause a big disaster.

(2) Keep calm, find the right direction and evacuate quickly.

In case of sudden fire, we should first keep calm, quickly judge the dangerous place and safe place, and decide the way and route of escape. Never blindly follow the crowd and crowd each other. When evacuating, you should pay attention to running to a bright or open place outdoors and try to run below the floor. If the passage has been blocked by fireworks, you should leave with your back to the direction where the fireworks are moving and escape through the balcony and window.

(3) Life is paramount, don't be greedy for property.

In a fire, human life is the most important. If you are in danger, you should evacuate as soon as possible. Don't waste precious escape time on dressing up or looking for or moving valuables because you are shy or worried about valuables.

(4) Simple protection, crawling forward

If you escape through a route full of smoke, you should prevent smoke poisoning and suffocation. Cover your nose with a wet towel and mask and climb away to avoid inhaling smoke. If you cross the fireworks blockade in a short distance, you can wrap your head with important parts of your body such as wet towels, wet quilts and wet blankets before rushing out.

(5) Hold the shelter and wait for rescue.

If you feel hot when you touch the door with your hand, once you open the door at this time, flames and smoke are bound to come. When the escape route is cut off and there is no one to rescue during this time, you can take the method of opening a shelter and waiting for rescue. First of all, you should close the doors and windows facing the fire, block the crack of the door with a wet towel or a wet cloth, or cover the doors and windows with a quilt soaked in water, and then constantly spray the room with water to prevent fireworks from infiltrating and sticking to the room until rescuers arrive.

(6) signal and ask for help.

When you are trapped by fireworks and cannot escape temporarily, you should try to stay in balconies, windows and other places that are easy to be found and can avoid close contact with fireworks. If a fire breaks out during the day, you can throw bright clothes out of the window or throw dazzling things out; At night, you can use a flashlight to keep flashing or knocking on things in the window, and send out an effective distress signal in time to attract the attention of rescuers.

(7) Don't run when there is a fire.

If you are on fire, don't run, because running will form wind, which will accelerate the replenishment of oxygen and promote the expansion of the fire. You should quickly try to take off your clothes or roll on the spot to crush the flame; Or use a fire extinguishing agent that does not harm human body.

2. Leave the scene as soon as possible

In case of fire, leave the site safely as soon as possible; The longer you are exposed to the fire scene, the greater the risk factor.

3. Take the correct escape method

If the smoke does not fill the room and the door is not hot, gently open the door to escape; If there are too many fireworks indoors, be sure to knock on the door, call the fire alarm outside, and close the door when you escape to prevent the fire from spreading and spreading; If you are in a room and the door is locked, you must open the window to escape, or breathe fresh air and wait for help.

4. Don't go back to the fire.

Once you escape from the scene of the fire, don't enter the burning house again. Only trained firefighters can enter. If there are still people in the fire, tell the firemen where the trapped people may be.

(3) Precautions for escape

(1) When walking in a room filled with fire or smoke, bend down as low as possible to reduce the height and prevent suffocation.

(2) try to reduce the size and weight of the items you carry when you escape.

(3) correctly estimate the development and spread of the fire, and don't take action blindly.

(4) In order to prevent fluky psychology, safety and feasibility should be considered before implementation.

⑤ Escape, alarm and call for help should be combined to prevent only escape and neglect alarm and call for help.

Cultural and entertainment venues are generally open at night, with a large number of people entering and leaving, many people and few evacuation routes. In addition, the lighting is dim, which is easy to cause people to be crowded in case of fire, and the accident of squeezing and trampling occurs in chaos. This has brought great difficulties for people to escape. Therefore, it is very important to keep a cool head and choose the correct escape method.

Escape method

1, you must be calm when you run away. Only by keeping a clear head, recognizing the direction of the safety exit and taking some emergency evacuation measures can we take the initiative to attack and reduce casualties.

2. Choose the safety exit to escape. Entertainment places are equipped with fire evacuation passages, emergency lighting devices such as door lights, wall lights and foot lights are installed, and indicators such as "emergency exit", "emergency exit" or "emergency exit" are marked in white on a red background. After the fire broke out, the audience should follow the directions indicated by these emergency lighting facilities and quickly choose the evacuation passage with less people. If the safety exit is blocked, they should overcome the blind herd mentality, resolutely give up the idea of escaping from the safety exit and choose other escape methods.

If the safety exit is blocked, you should choose other escape routes. When escaping from the window, curtains or carpets must be rolled into long strips and made into safety ropes for self-rescue by sliding ropes. Never jump off a building in a hurry to avoid unnecessary casualties.

4. If the escape route is blocked by fire and smoke, and the auxiliary life-saving facilities can't be found for a while, the trapped person can only temporarily escape to a place with a small fire and send a distress signal to the window, waiting for the rescue of firefighters.

5, to help each other, help each other out of the fire.

6. Prevent poisoning during escape. Because there are a lot of decorations such as plastics and fibers on the walls and tops of entertainment places, once a fire breaks out, it will produce toxic gases. Therefore, in the process of escape, we should try to avoid shouting and prevent smoke from entering people's mouths. Wet clothes with water to cover your mouth and nostrils. When you can't find water for a while, you can use drinks instead, walking slowly and crawling slowly to reduce the harm of smoke to the human body.

(2) Precautions

1, evacuees should obey the command of the staff to avoid crowding and running around each other, blocking the evacuation passage and affecting the evacuation speed.

2. When evacuating, people should walk as close as possible to the load-bearing wall or load-bearing components to prevent falling objects from hurting people, especially when there is a fire in the audience hall, people should not stay in the center of the theater.

3. If the smoke is heavy, you should quickly bend down to walk or crawl forward.

(3) Special tips

1. Don't shout in the smoke. Because there are a lot of decorations such as plastics and fibers on the walls and tops of entertainment places, in case of fire, a lot of smoke will be produced. The research shows that the main components of flue gas are free carbon, dry distillation particles, condensed droplets of high-boiling substances and so on. The smoke in the fire not only prevents people from escaping from the fire, but also causes damage to people's respiratory system, especially when toxic gases such as carbon monoxide in the smoke reach 1.28% in the air, which can suffocate people within 1 to 3 minutes.

Therefore, in the process of escape, try to avoid shouting and prevent smoke from entering your mouth. Wet clothes with water to cover your mouth and nostrils. When you can't find water for a while, you can use wet clothes with drinks instead. At the same time, you should walk or crawl at the bottom, because smoke is lighter than air and is generally a breathable air layer. Even if the air layer near the space ground contains smoke, the closer it is to the space ground, the lighter the smoke will be, which is more beneficial to evacuees-it can provide them with relative time, and it is by no means three or two steps away from the smoke area.

When you escape from the smoke area, you should also pay attention to running outside to bright places or open places, and try to run below the floor, because the fire mainly spreads upward, and no smoke can escape anyway. If the stairs are burned or closed by fire, you should leave with your back to the fireworks. After leaving, find another way out.

2, small towels, big role. The experiment shows that the smoke suppression rate can reach more than 90% when an ordinary towel is folded 16 layers. If an ordinary towel is folded 8 times, the smoke elimination rate can reach 60%. In this case, people will walk slowly in the corridor full of strong irritating smoke at 15 meters, and they will not feel stimulated. In addition, wet towels are better than dry towels in eliminating smoke and irritants. However, it should be noted that the towel is too wet, which will increase the breathing force and cause difficulty in breathing.

Therefore, it is a good choice to use a towel (if there is no towel around, you can use a mask, sheets or even clothes instead) as a temporary "air respirator". If conditions permit, you can also stick some cold water on your head and body and wrap your body with wet clothes, wet sheets, wet blankets, etc. , through the smoky area. It is important to pay special attention to that when crossing the smoke area, you feel difficult to breathe in time and can't take the towel away from your nose and mouth. Once taken away, it may be poisoned by inhalation of harmful gases.

The campus is densely populated, and once a fire breaks out, the consequences are unimaginable. Forever rescuers remind teachers and students to learn fire safety knowledge and improve their ability to escape and save themselves.

Forever Rescuers summarizes the correct escape and self-help methods in fire.

1. When eureka tower is on fire, don't panic or run around. You should calmly explore the direction of the fire, determine the wind direction, and leave the fire quickly against the wind before the fire spreads.

2. In case of fire, if the corridor is blocked by fireworks, the door and indoor ventilation holes should be closed immediately to prevent smoke from entering. Then block your nose and mouth with a wet towel to prevent inhalation of hot smoke and toxic gases, and wet your clothes to avoid fire.

Don't jump off a building when you are at the top. You should retreat to a safe place and close the doors and windows in the direction of fire. When the fire is forced, you can use water to cool the doors and windows, and give a warning to rescuers by shouting, throwing things, lighting fires, etc. Conditional ropes, sheets, etc. It can be torn into long strips and fixed on doors and windows to slide down, but it must have enough length and safety factor.

4, the body is on fire, don't run, you can roll on the spot and crush the fire; You can also cover the fire with wet things or burn it out with water. When there are pools and rivers nearby, you can jump into the fire directly, but people who can't swim and don't know water should be careful not to do so. Pay special attention not to use a fire extinguisher to directly spray fire on the human body.

Because of its special structure, high-rise buildings are more dangerous than ordinary buildings in case of fire. If it is not handled properly, it will often endanger life. So, when you encounter this situation, you must keep calm and don't panic.

First of all, you should quickly identify which direction of your room is on fire, and then decide the escape route to avoid straying into the crater.

If you find that doors, windows, passages and stairs have been sealed by fireworks, but it is still possible to rush out, you can pour some water on your head and body, or cover your head with wet towels and sheets, wrap your body with wet blankets and quilts, and rush out of the danger zone.

If the smoke is too thick, people can't walk upright. They can crawl on the ground or under the wall and cross the dangerous area. When the stairs have collapsed and the adjacent passages are blocked, you can enter another room through the balcony or window, and then quickly escape to the indoor dedicated fire elevator or outdoor fire stairs.

If the door has been sealed by fire, don't open it easily to avoid causing fire to enter the room. Pour more water on the door to prolong the diffusion time. While waiting, stretch out a dress from the window or shout loudly to attract the attention of rescuers.

If there are rain pipes, water pipes or lightning rods outside the building window, you can use these to climb down; You can also use a strong rope. (If you can't find it at the moment) You can tear quilts, sheets and curtains into strips and twist them into ropes. One end is tied to the window frame or bedstead, and then slowly descends. If the distance from the ground is too high, you can kick open the window glass when you go down to the non-dangerous floor, and then go downstairs from there after entering.