Characteristic Architecture and Landscape Design of Bali Resort

Characteristic Architecture and Landscape Design of Bali Resort

The success of Bali lies in its distinctive regional characteristics, architectural development path and ideas and methods of preserving local cultural traditions. Come with me to see the characteristic architecture and landscape design of Bali Resort.

1, forming the characteristics of "Bali"

Bali is a small island in the Indonesian archipelago. It is near the southern end of the equator and belongs to the windless area of the equator. There is no storm invasion. The annual average daily temperature is around 27℃, and it does not exceed 365,438+0℃ at the hottest time. The waves in the bay are flat and delicate, suitable for sunbathing; The Indian Ocean outside the bay has high waves and clear winds, which is suitable for surfing and snorkeling. The topography of the island has changed greatly, thus forming various scenic features: beautiful terraces, lush forests, calm lakes, magnificent volcanoes, wide coasts and cliffs. Bali's beautiful environment and unique culture attract overseas artists, architects and tourists like magnets, extracting materials from their known cultures and combining them with local or Asian styles to build their own houses. Although the buildings they designed have their own characteristics, one thing is the same: they are all willing to accept the traditional materials and handicrafts of Bali and are keen to use the local thatched roofs.

Since the 1960s, western tourists came to Bali on an unprecedented scale, and a large number of reinforced concrete buildings began to appear. 1977, the government authorities stipulated that all new urban buildings in Bali must have "Bali characteristics". Since then, it has been stipulated that sightseeing and leisure areas can only be developed at the southern end of the island, and new buildings should not be higher than four floors, because Bali residents are afraid that houses will be built higher than coconut trees and think that coconut trees also have the god of coconut trees, so they should not be offended easily. Bali has abandoned the elements of life that are incompatible with its conservatism, and fortunately preserved its splendid culture, so that all the scenic spots on the island still retain their proper appearance and have not been swallowed up by the so-called "modern civilization".

The 1980s and early 1990s were the most critical periods in Bali. The international consortium has invested in hundreds of hotels, guesthouses and villas at the southern tip of Bali, forming 10 resorts such as Zhandidassa and Kimbalan. In addition to being the commercial and cultural center of the island and the hub of government agencies, there are beautiful beaches, dazzling water sports, luxurious resort hotels and noisy tourist shopping areas. The rapid development of tourism makes the built environment face great challenges. With the joint efforts of local architects and western architects who attach importance to regional characteristics, a modern Balinese-style building has emerged: they skillfully use traditional and modern materials, such as thatch, logs, bamboo, ceramics, stones, glass and steel, so that traditional buildings are replaced by more imaginative spaces.

2. Architectural design in Balinese style

Architects have made various attempts to build buildings with Balinese characteristics, reinterpreting the architectural features of tropical living art, mainly as follows:

(1) Dialogue between traditional materials and modern technology. A large number of unique natural materials in Indonesia are inexhaustible creative sources for architects and artists in Bali. There are countless ways to use materials in various forms, textures and colors. Architects are committed to trying to use these natural traditional materials in various ways, such as marble chip pavement, cobblestone pavement, terrazzo floor and furniture, coconut shell ceiling and furniture decoration, seashell ceiling, mother-of-pearl inlay and so on. Italian architect Pippavadac is one of the best. In the interior design of his private house, the tiles laid on the ground are polished with local stones mixed with cement; The plastering of walls and columns is made by grinding local sandstone into powder and mixing it with white cement; The outdoor sidewalk is paved with a kind of sand-cast ceramic floor tile mixed with local fine sand and cement. This material was later made into decorative pottery, such as vases, containers, furniture and so on. , is widely used. Hotan Ji has a special liking for using local materials to create architectural details with modern decorative feeling. In the interior design of another villa, he hired local people to hand-fire bas-relief bricks with delicate Gong Li dance shapes, which reflected modernity in traditional crafts.

(2) Spatial organization of traditional architectural forms and modern ideas. In the external space organization, architects have also discussed in many aspects, focusing on the organizational model of column architecture and courtyard architecture. This villa, known as the "cabin in the forest", was built in the forest and designed by Singaporean architects. The building structure is teak, and the 9-meter-high wooden column structure holds up the building and is in close contact with the branches and leaves of the dense forest. A large number of hardwood floors also enhance the feeling of being in the forest, and the whole building seems to be floating in the air. In the 1990s, an Australian architect designed a villa near Karobakan, which was regarded as an important attempt to combine the traditional technology of Bali with the modern space concept. In this building, architects use water courtyards to organize buildings. The functions are separated by lotus pond and lotus pond, and the corridor with wooden floor connects them like a bridge. The landscape created by the design is very beautiful, and the feeling of walking through it is extremely unique.

(3) Unique and romantic architectural element-Bali Pavilion. A simple thatched roof is covered with a square wooden platform. This tent-like pavilion is an ancient traditional building in Bali. At first, pavilions were built near temples to assist religious ceremonies. Later, only the upper class were allowed to build such pavilions at home. In the village, this pavilion is also a "discussion pavilion" for discussing major issues. It is completely open, very suitable for the hot tropical climate, where people gather to chat, enjoy the cool and even sleep.

Until today, this pavilion is still an integral part of temples and houses, which plays a role in deliberation, but with the development of the times, its functions and forms have become more diversified. These pavilions appear in various places in Bali with various functions and images: massage rooms beside hotel swimming pools, open-air bars or restaurants, TV entertainment rooms or study rooms in villas, and even five-star hotels use this romantic form as concert halls or dance halls. Influenced by western art, the shape of the exhibition hall has become more casual. There is a pavilion in the garden of the Four Seasons Hotel in Kimbaland Bay: at first, you may notice those irregular structural supports-natural logs, and then you will find that these wooden pillars go all the way through the roof and spread the branches and leaves all over the sky. At first, the pavilion was formed by adding a thatched roof between several trees.

The open Balinese Pavilion is suitable for the hot climate in tropical areas, and the surrounding broad vision enhances the feeling of being close to nature. In his book Bali (1937), Miguel Kavalubiaz commented on this pavilion: "... (it) is a masterpiece of simplicity, dexterity and elegant taste", which is still convincing today.

(4) Innovative modeling in modern form. While pursuing local and traditional features, architecture in Bali keeps up with international architectural trends and innovates new modern forms, with the main feature of pursuing organic and natural geometric space. The latest masterpiece is a bold and modern building designed by Italian general architects (Figure 3). Roof modeling is the outstanding feature of the building: the wooden structure supports three steel frame wooden roofs with triangular cross sections, thus limiting the main space of the building; The inclined plane of the roof extends all the way to the ground, which closes the transition space between the outside and the inside of the building and is completely open to the surrounding environment; Wooden purlins laid evenly along the roof direction on the triangular steel frame structure form rhythmic visual effects indoors; Hexagonal tiles are hung on the roof surface. The most wonderful thing is the hidden space in the corner, where you can see the outdoor landscape at a glance (Figure 4). This masterpiece is called Butterfly in the Tropical Jungle.

3. Romantic and leisure landscape design

Bali Resort can create a charming holiday environment, and one of the secrets lies in the perfect combination of architecture and landscape.

(1) Unique waterscape. Water is the source of life for Balinese people, and it is also a hot and humid climate in tropical areas. The best temperature regulator, in fact, every architect and landscape designer combines some form of waterscape in their design. There are many modern water features in Bali: garden water features, swimming pools, waterfalls and fountains, as well as large and small lily ponds and lotus ponds. Water is the musical note of entertainment, the language of architecture and the essence of garden landscape.

What is particularly worth mentioning is the majestic infinity pool, which is one of the characteristics of Bali waterscape to create endless open scenes. This waterscape design technique is not original in Bali, but it has been applied to the extreme in Bali. Mountain spring water is injected into the swimming pool, and then overflows into another pool below, or overflows into the storage ditch below and then flows into various waterscape flower pools. When the boundless pool is set in the background of Qingshan Woods, it produces an ethereal and quiet effect; When the background is the sea or lake of Wang Yang, it produces a magnificent scene of sea and sky.

(2) Friendly and pleasant courtyard landscape. Courtyard-style architectural organization highlights the importance of courtyard landscape. Every courtyard landscape in Bali has a distinct theme, such as sculpture garden, water garden with lotus or lily, or flower-themed garden. Balinese pavilions with leisure modeling are also an important element of organizing landscape, and the pavilions beside the lotus pond usually become the rest and entertainment places of buildings. The warm texture of thatched roofs and wood can create a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere in the sun or candlelight at night.

In addition, the landscape design concept of the bathroom is also very unique, which promotes the function of the bathroom to the height of reflecting the quality of life: the bathroom is no longer just a bathing place, but also a space for full relaxation and rest, and an open and beautiful environment. Therefore, bathrooms in Bali are often located in the courtyard, between outdoor and indoor: indoor, but you can feel the close connection with outdoor scenery; Outside, there are high walls to ensure privacy.

(3) Return to the natural jungle landscape. Architects and landscape designers have been trying to solve the problem of building a large number of buildings to meet the growing demand of tourism and protect the original jungle landscape from real estate development. In the construction of an 8hm2 landscape garden in Ubud, this contradiction was initially solved. More than 2,500 broad-leaved trees, shrubs, wild ferns, Halikon plants and a large number of flowers on the island have been replanted to restore the natural appearance of the jungle. In addition, the collocation of plants is more reasonable, and the planting is more orderly and diverse; In terms of content, natural waterscape has also been added; Pay attention to the choice of texture, texture and color in the use of materials such as roads. After nearly ten years of hard work, gardeners finally reappeared the natural jungle landscape.

4. Conclusion

In recent years, the number of villas, tourist resorts and other projects in China has been increasing, but the design ideas are still outdated and backward. In architectural design, villa design only uses more expensive building materials for more luxurious interior decoration; In landscape environment design, most of them only pay attention to the plane pattern, but not to the spatial organization. The mutual reference between villas and resorts makes the land of the motherland present a design way of "one continuous strain" from south to north, which obliterates the characteristics between regions.

In contrast, today's Bali is closely linked with the international trend and occupies a place on the international architectural stage. The success of Bali lies in its distinctive regional characteristics, architectural development path and ideas and methods of preserving local cultural traditions. This has direct reference value for updating the design concept of villas and resorts in China.

;