Wudalianchi Bagua Lake

Location: Heilongjiang

Area: 18.47 km2

Population: about 300,000.

Depth: maximum depth 12 ~ 13 (second and third ponds) m.

Volume: 1.57 billion cubic centimeters

Genetic type: volcanic dammed lake

The name of Wudalianchi comes from the transliteration of Manchu "Oudering Pool", and the so-called five pools are not credible.

Wudalianchi city Lake, Heilongjiang Province, China, also known as Wulianchi. By the local 14 volcano in 17 19 and 1720? 172 1 year, a basalt weir was formed in Baihe river basin, a tributary of the Seinemore River. There are five pearl lakes in this river. From south to north, there are the first pool, the second pool, the third pool, the fourth pool and the fifth pool. Lake area 18.47 km2. The lake area has beautiful scenery, the nearby crater is well preserved, and the traces of lava surface flow are still clearly visible.

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The lake swamp in Wudalianchi is the biggest problem and belongs to eutrophic lake. In mid-May, the water temperature rose above 10℃, and fell below 10℃ in late September, with the highest water temperature (20 ~ 26℃) in July. There are 39 species of fish 10 family in Dalian, and the common ones are herring, carp, "rice" fish, silver carp, bighead carp and grass carp. There is no difference in species distribution in each pond, but the population number is obviously different. Silver carp and bighead carp are put in the third pond, followed by crucian carp, red herring and carp. The fifth pond has the largest number of carp, and the first pond, the second pond and the fourth pond have the largest number of carp. There are 39 species of fish belonging to *** 10 family, and the common ones are crucian carp, carp, turtle, silver carp, bighead carp and grass carp. In 1990s, 74 genera 177 species of phytoplankton were identified in Wudalianchi.

Caption: Wudalianchi consists of five connected volcanic dammed lakes. According to this number, the five lakes are from south to north, with a total area of 18.47 square kilometers and storage capacity of1570,000 cubic meters. Five pools are connected, with a length of 5250 meters. The fourth and fifth pools are sediment bottoms, the third pool is partly sediment bottom and partly lava bottom, the second pool is mostly lava bottom, a few are mud bottom, and the first pool is all lava bottom; Rivers in this area are underdeveloped, there are no big rivers and the water flow is small. The main rivers are Shilongwen (Baihe), Yaoquan River and Yaoquan River.

At present, China has established two national parks of volcanic landforms 12, but only Wudalianchi has been selected as a world geological park.

Wudalianchi city is located in the northern part of Heilongjiang Province, the southern part of Heihe City, and the transitional zone between Xiaoxing 'anling and Songnen Plain. It is adjacent to Xunke County in the east, Keshan County and Nehe County in the west, Bei 'an City and Kedong County in the south, Sunwu County in the north and Nenjiang County across the river in the northwest. Geographical coordinates are 127 degrees 37 minutes east longitude and 125 degrees 42 minutes west longitude. From south to north is 48 degrees 16 minutes, and from north to 49 degrees 12 minutes. East-west length 142km and north-south width 104km. The total area of this city is 8844 square kilometers. There are 340,000 people from 22 nationalities including Han, Manchu, Hui and Mongolia living in this magical land. China Wudalianchi Scenic Area has won two world-class laurels and nine national titles, namely "World Geopark" and "World Biosphere Reserve". The volcano erupted 14 times in the old and new periods, with a time span of more than 2 million years. It is known as "Natural Volcano Museum" and "Open Volcano Teaching Material". Yamaguchi Lake, a national AAA-level tourist area, has beautiful scenery and pleasant scenery; Zhanhe National Forest Park is the largest forest wetland in China, and Dazhan River rafting enjoys the reputation of "the first rafting in China". Wudalianchi mineral spring, Vichy mineral spring in France and North Caucasus mineral spring in Russia are also called "three cold springs in the world". Bicarbonate mineral water, metasilicate mineral water and weakly alkaline mineral water have their own advantages, so they are suitable for fitness and bathing. The per capita possession of fresh water resources exceeds 4,000 cubic meters, which is four times the standard of livable cities in China. Metasilicate mineral water was introduced into the urban area as drinking water for residents, making Wudalianchi the second mineral spring city in the world and the first in Asia after Vichy, France. Due to the strong all-magnetic environment formed by volcanic geology and the special ecological function of vegetation, the air is fresh and pure, and the content of negative oxygen ions is ten times higher than that of ordinary cities, so it is a natural oxygen bar. The city has wide roads, clean and tidy cities and different architectural styles. The greening and lighting project is pleasing to the eye. There are many shopping malls and hotels, convenient and enthusiastic public services, and the supporting functions of eating, living, traveling, shopping and entertainment are improving day by day. It is one of the national commodity grain bases, an important timber production base, the only hometown of mineral water in China, the top ten leisure cities in China, the top 100 tourist counties in China and the best health care city in China.

Wudalianchi city is extremely rich in natural resources. There are 14 volcanoes, more than 30 rivers criss-crossing, more than 300 springs dotted around, and the total water resources reach 2.8 billion cubic meters, which has unique conditions for developing aquaculture. There are more than 20 kinds of natural fish here, such as crucian carp, Shandong fish, Australian and Chinese fish, and Hucho. Namur River, the largest tributary on the left bank of Nenjiang River, runs through the whole territory from east to west, and the Shankou Water Control Project is built on its upstream.

There are 2.6 million mu of grassland, 5.24 million mu of woodland and 640,000 cubic meters of wood in the city, including more than 0/0 species of larch, oak birch and poplar. Wild animal and plant resources are extremely rich, including bears, dragons, deer and other precious wild animals. It is rich in natural green products such as bracken, persimmon, auricularia auricula, Hericium erinaceus, golden leafy vegetables, mushrooms, and hundreds of precious Chinese herbal medicines such as ginseng, acanthopanax senticosus, Fritillaria, Schisandra chinensis and Astragalus. The timely ore grade is 99.7% and the reserve is 200,000 tons. The reserves of granite, perlite, basalt, volcanic gravel, river stone and yellow sand exceed 400 million cubic meters.

Due to volcanic eruption, Wudalianchi area has also formed rich natural cold mineral water. Generally speaking, there are many cold springs, many poisonous springs, and many springs that can be bathed and drunk in the world. Wudalianchi mineral water can be drunk or bathed. Non-toxic at low temperature, rich in various macro and trace elements needed by human body, and has obvious curative effect on many common diseases. It has been used by the people for more than 200 years and enjoys the reputation of "divine spring and holy water". It is also called "the three cold springs in the world" with Vichy mineral spring in France and Transcaucasia mineral spring in Russia.

Laoheishan

With towering mountains and lush vegetation, the relative height difference166m is the highest among 14 volcanoes. There are winding paths on the east and north sides of the mountain to reach the top of the mountain, and there is a funnel-shaped crater on the top of the mountain, with a diameter of 350 meters and a depth of 140 meters. Others walk around the crater, overlooking the bottom of the crater is daunting. There is a volcanic cave in the northeast corner of the mountain, where lava hangs upside down and the scenery is changeable.

Yamakaji

The scale is smaller than that of Old Montenegro, with less vegetation. The charred crater split the whole mountain in two, with ferocious cracks and strange state. Volcanic bombs of different sizes can be seen everywhere on the hillside.

Shihai, Laoheishan and Yamakaji are surrounded by lava platforms with a total area of 65 square kilometers. The lava ejected in that year flowed southward along the Baihe River, forming a "Shilong" with a length of 10 km. The sight of the stone dragon is rare all over the world. Seen from a distance, it is like the rough waves of the sea. For myopia, it is strange stones of various shapes, with vivid shapes, such as bears like tigers and snakes like ropes like pythons. In grotesque lava tunnels and caves, grotesque lava stalactites, such as horns, spines, leaves or sheets, are attached to the walls of the caves, which is a wonder.

Wudalianchi Volcano Group is the first volcano group nature reserve in China. A huge and picturesque volcano park and health resort will be built here. There are mineral springs near Yaoquan Mountain, Jiaodebu Mountain, Yamakaji and Weishan Mountain. At present, there are more than 50 sanatoriums under Yaoquan Mountain, which can receive hundreds of thousands of patients to recuperate here every year.

Shankouhu tourism

Shankouhu Tourist Area is located in wudalianchi city, on the upper reaches of Namur River, 65km away from Wudalianchi Scenic Area, a national scenic spot, with Harbin, the capital city in the south, and Heihe, the largest port in Heilongjiang Province in the north, with superior geographical position and good natural ecology. Yamaguchi Lake Scenic Area was opened to the outside world in 2000, built into a provincial nature reserve in 2002, and was rated as a national AAA tourist area in 2003.

Shankouhu Tourist Area, with natural landscape as the main body, is composed of eight scenic spots, such as water recreation area, water maze and waterfowl world. It is an ideal place for wild bathing and rafting. There are natural landscapes such as Stone Ape Mountain, Forgotten Stone, Shame Stone, Scarab Island and Battery Island on both sides of Yamaguchi Lake. There are more than 100 kinds of birds such as mandarin ducks, red-crowned cranes, grey cranes, geese and Chinese sand autumn ducks, as well as wild animals such as wild boar and red deer. Shankouhu tourist area is the best place for green eco-tourism.

Wudalianchi has two main characteristics. First, the scenery is strange. Lava formed by lava from volcanic eruption, some are like a long dragon, some are like water-absorbing trunks, and some are like waterfalls, with vivid images. There is also a "stone pagoda", which is very beautiful in appearance, about two or three meters high, and is also made up of layers of volcanic lava. Lava caves formed by underground lava flows are also tourist attractions.

Here, visitors can pick up one or two pieces of lava with strange shapes as souvenirs. Second, there are abundant mineral water resources here, and mineral water gushes out in many places. These mineral springs are mostly cold mineral springs with low water temperature and contain more than a dozen elements beneficial to human body, which are collectively called bicarbonate mineral water. This mineral water can be drunk and bathed, and can be used to treat diseases such as gastropathy, neurasthenia, dermatosis and hypertension. Now dozens of mineral spring sanatoriums have been built here to receive patients who need mineral water treatment in Dali every year.

The main attractions of Wudalianchi are: Wudalianchi, Yaoquanshan Park and Volcano Museum. The five pools of Wudalianchi are interconnected, with a longitudinal length of 20 kilometers, a pool water area of 40 square kilometers and a depth of 100 meters. Yaoquan Mountain is 350 meters above sea level, which is the smallest of 14 volcanic cones. Because of its medicinal function, spring water is called holy water. There are all kinds of scenic buildings in the park. The Volcano Museum is the latest volcano in China, because Lao Montenegro and Yamakaji erupted in1719-1721year, and it has well-preserved volcanic geological features. This area is called the Volcano Museum.

Wudalianchi Special Stamps

The State Post Bureau plans to issue a set of three special stamps of Wudalianchi on June 6, 2007. Details are as follows:

No.: 2007- 16

Named surface values of sequence diagrams

(3- 1)T Black Dragon Mountain 1.20 yuan

(3-2)T Sanchi 1.20 yuan

(3-3)T Shihai 1.20 yuan

Stamp size: 50× 30mm

Perforation degree: 13× 12.5 degrees.

Number of sheets: 18 (3 sheets are printed continuously)

Overall specification: 180× 220mm

Version: Shadow Writing

Anti-counterfeiting method: anti-counterfeiting paper

anti-forgery ink

Irregular perforation

Fluorescent spraying code

Designer: Li Defu

Editor in charge: Qin Wei

Printing plant: Beijing Stamp Factory

Volcano Park-Wudalianchi Volcano

In the north of Dedu County, Heilongjiang Province, China, there are five lakes in the upper reaches of Baihe River, a tributary of Namur River, which are called Wudalianchi. Around Wudalianchi, dozens of volcanoes rise from the ground, and the mountains are adjacent and magnificent. This is one of the famous volcanic groups in China-Wudalianchi volcano.

The formation of Wudalianchi volcano group has a history of nearly 700,000 years. The geological age was about the late Pleistocene and early Quaternary, and the volcano erupted violently in this area, and a large number of magma overflowed. After a long and continuous geological process, a volcano with a unique shape has gradually formed. 1719 ~1721year, the last volcanic movement occurred in this area. According to "Notes on the Outside of Heilongjiang", "In the southeast of Mulgen (now Nenjiang), one day a fire suddenly broke out in the field, stones soared, and the fire in the four fields went out for several days, and the land became a pond. This happened in the fifty-eighth year of Kangxi (17 19). " "Gu Ning Bao Tallo" also records that there are water swings 50 miles away from the city (the capital of Germany) and around 30 miles. During the fifty-ninth year of Kangxi (1720) in June and July, fireworks suddenly rose into the sky, and their sound was like thunder, and they were heard for 50 or 60 miles day and night. What flew out was black stone and sulfur, which, over the years, became mountains until the whole city.

"Old Montenegro" and "Yamakaji" were formed in succession during the volcanic eruption in the past two years. Like a natural dam, the lava flows from "Old Black Mountain" and "Yamakaji" cut the Baihe River into five sections to form a five-pool lava flow, and then stored water to form a lake, forming a famous volcanic dammed lake in China-Wudalianchi. The name of Wudalianchi volcano comes from this.

Wudalianchi Volcano Group consists of 13 "shield volcanoes", dozens of "composite volcanoes" and large-scale lava flows. The "shield volcano" looks like a shield used in ancient wars. This kind of volcano is wide and slow, small in scale, with a crater on the top of the shield. A "composite volcano" is a "shield volcano" with one or more volcanic cones formed by eruption superimposed on it. This kind of volcano is the majority in Wudalianchi Volcano Group, with large scale and wide distribution.

Due to the influence of faults, these volcanoes are mostly distributed in a straight line from northeast to southwest. Yaoquan Mountain is located to the east of this line; The North and South Graccio Mountains are juxtaposed to the west of a straight line. They are like a chess game, scattered on the lava platform 35 kilometers from east to west and about 25 kilometers from north to south. The relative height of volcanoes is between 60 ~160m, and the relative height of each volcano does not exceed 300m. Most of these "composite volcanoes" are very well preserved. The inner diameter of the crater is generally between 230 and 450 meters, and the depth varies from tens of meters to 100 meters. The deepest part of Laoheishan is136m. There are four craters in Wohu Mountain, the shallowest of which is only 10 meter. Volcanoes vary in shape, some are oval, some are square, and some are almost triangular or crescent. Wohu Mountain looks like a tiger from a distance, and Bijia Mountain looks like a giant pen from a distance.

The west bank of Baihe River extends southward, and there is a lava flow, which is 17km long and 12km at its widest point, covering an area of more than 70 square kilometers. Local residents call it "Shilong". This large-scale lava flow landform is due to the fact that the surface layer of magma solidifies first during the flow and becomes a flat, smooth and complete lava case. The lava flow under the watch case keeps flowing, and the lava watch case is dragged by the flowing lava flow to be plastically deformed, thus forming various lava landforms. Some are like surging waves, connected by waves; Some are like a trickle, rippling in the microwave; Some are like strands of rope, curled and twisted; Some trees are arranged neatly; There is also a lava waterfall formed by lava; An artificial stone tower with a spray cone, which is made up of layers of lava disks; Others, such as sharp weapons, can be described as a magnificent and colorful moving picture.

Wudalianchi Volcano Group is known as the "Volcano Museum" because it has preserved such a complete, typical and spectacular volcanic landform. Now it has become the first volcano nature reserve in China, which is not only a scenic spot for tourists to enjoy all kinds of wonderful volcanic scenery, but also a natural base for volcanic geological science research and teaching practice.

Here, visitors can pick up all kinds of basalt blocks as bonsai or plastic artworks, such as a little beauty of a shepherd boy, a play of an antelope, and the descent of a dragon here. There are also some fascinating caves with unique caves, among which "Fairy Cave" and "water curtain cave" are the must-see places for tourists or investigators. In particular, the "fairy cave" is spacious and bright, and the roof of the cave has formed a "patio" due to collapse. Walking into the cave, you can experience "sitting in the well and watching the sky".

In addition to the unique volcanic landscape and beautiful lakes and mountains, Wudalianchi Volcano Tourist Area is also rich in resources. Volcanic rocks are good building materials. Basalt can not only be directly used as building materials, but also be processed into a variety of products. For example, it can be used as a filler for clinker-free cement after crushing. The cement produced by this method is simple in process and does not need roasting, which can save a lot of coal for the country. After basalt is melted, short fiber rock wool can be produced by spraying process. It is a good thermal insulation material and can be used as the thermal insulation shell of various pipelines. Basalt is also a new raw material for stone casting industry, and stone casting can be used as a substitute for steel. Pumice, the main material of volcanic cone, has excellent characteristics such as firmness, light weight, heat preservation and sound insulation, and is also a good building material.

The mineral spring in Yaoquan Mountain has a long reputation, and the mineral water here has been used for treating diseases for nearly a hundred years. There are Nanquan, Beiquan and Fanhuaquan under Yaoquan Mountain, and later "Kangda Spring" was discovered under Yamakaji. Among them, South and North Er Quan are used for drinking therapy, and the spring water is cool and sweet, which is helpful for digestion, analgesia, sedation, sleep and diuresis, especially for peptic ulcer, gastritis and other diseases. Fanhuaquan is used for washing therapy and is most effective for various skin diseases. At present, it has become a famous tourist and health resort, receiving many tourists from home and abroad every year. They can not only enjoy the lakes and mountains here, but also drink mineral water containing many kinds of beneficial elements and enjoy the comfort and warmth brought by bathing spring water.

Wudalianchi Volcano Group is famous at home and abroad for its fantastic and magnificent volcanic landscape, sparkling lake water, jade-sprayed mineral springs and novel and beautiful convalescent villas, and enjoys the reputation of "Volcano Park".

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