What safety protection measures should be paid attention to in winter rounds of hotels?

Hotels and restaurants are places for domestic and foreign tourists to stay, eat, entertain and hold various meetings and banquets. Modern hotels and restaurants generally have the characteristics of multi-function and comprehensiveness, integrating restaurants, cafes, dance halls, exhibition halls, auditoriums, guest rooms, shopping malls, offices and warehouses, laundry rooms, boiler rooms, parking lots and other auxiliary rooms, forming a comprehensive building called "small society". Fire hazards include:

1. The interior decoration standard is high, and more combustible materials are used.

Although most hotels and restaurants adopt reinforced concrete structure or steel structure, a large number of decoration materials, furniture and furnishings are made of combustible materials such as wood, plastic, cotton, hemp, silk and wool, which increases the fire load in the building. In the event of a fire, a large number of combustible materials will lead to intense combustion and the fire will spread rapidly; Most combustible materials will also produce toxic smoke when burning, which brings difficulties to evacuation and fighting.

Endanger personal safety.

2. The building structure is easy to produce stack effect.

Many modern hotels and restaurants are high-rise buildings, such as stairs, elevator shafts, pipe shafts, cable shafts and garbage lanes, just like big chimneys. There are also ventilation pipes criss-crossing and extending to every corner of the building. Once a fire breaks out, stack effect will easily occur, which will make the flame spread rapidly along the shaft and ventilation pipe, endangering the whole building.

3. It is difficult to evacuate and it is easy to cause heavy casualties.

Hotels and restaurants are places where people are concentrated, and most of them are temporary visitors with great mobility. They are not familiar with the environment and evacuation facilities in the building. In addition, when a fire breaks out, they are emotionally vague and nervous, and they are easy to get lost and get stuck in the passage, which leads to disorder, difficulty in evacuation and rescue, and often causes heavy casualties.

There are many factors that lead to fire.

Hotels and restaurants use a lot of fire fighting, electric power and gas equipment, which can easily lead to fire if they neglect management or employees operate illegally; In addition, hotel guests do not have a strong sense of fire safety. Pulling wires indiscriminately, using fire at will and smoking in bed are also common causes of fire. Careless use of fire in the kitchen and air leakage in pipes can also cause fire hazards. Therefore, the fire management of hotels and restaurants is very important and the fire prevention task is quite arduous.

Judging from the fires in hotels and restaurants at home and abroad, the main reasons for the fires are: passengers smoking in bed after drinking, throwing cigarette butts and match stalks; Careless fire in the kitchen, overheating of the oil pan; Repair pipeline equipment and carry out inflammable decoration construction and other illegal hot work; There are four aspects: poor contact of electrical wiring, improper use of electric heating appliances, and high temperature of lighting lamps to bake combustible materials. The most fire-prone parts of hotels and restaurants are guest rooms, kitchens, restaurants and various computer rooms. Power distribution room, generator room, boiler room, telephone switchboard room, ballroom, conference hall, warehouse and staff dormitory are also fire-prone parts.

(3) Fire prevention measures

1. The architectural design and construction of hotels, restaurants and hotels must comply with the provisions of the Code for Fire Protection Design of Buildings and the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings.

2. Decorative materials in all places shall be incombustible or flame retardant materials as far as possible, and if walls are used, they shall also be treated with fire prevention. Passengers are forbidden to bring inflammable and explosive dangerous goods into the room, and they are not allowed to use electrical equipment indoors, let alone electric heating appliances. Passengers should also consciously abide by the accommodation regulations, don't smoke in bed, don't throw cigarette butts and match sticks, and let people turn off the lights.

3. The dining table should be placed according to the use area to avoid blocking the necessary passages.

4. Combustible gas pipes, flange joints, instruments and valves in the kitchen must be inspected regularly and handled in time to prevent leakage. The floor kitchen should not use bottled liquefied petroleum gas, and the gas pipeline should be connected separately from the outside world. Tableware and sundries shall not be stored and stacked in the combustible gas warehouse. When frying food, you should prevent the cooking oil from overflowing. After work, close the valve in time and cut off the gas source, fire source and power supply before leaving. Appropriate fire extinguishing equipment should also be equipped according to the actual situation.

5. The installation and wiring of all electrical equipment must comply with relevant regulations, and temporary electrical lines and increased capacity shall not be connected at will. Aluminum wires are not allowed to be used in electrical circuits. Electrical circuits passing through stuffy roofs or mezzanines must be laid through pipes, and lamp caps should also be protected by porcelain sleeves. Lighting lamps and lanterns should not be directly installed in flammable parts, and flammable materials should not be piled up nearby. Near the wooden keel, asbestos cloth or asbestos board should be used as heat insulation layer, and damp-proof lamps should be used in wet places. Electrical equipment should be equipped with reliable grounding protection devices, and insulation and grounding resistance tests should be conducted at least once a year. When the power distribution room is in the guest room building, it should be separated by walls with a fire resistance limit of more than 2 hours, and equipped with corresponding fire fighting equipment. Uninterrupted emergency power supply shall be provided for fire alarm devices, automatic fire extinguishing devices and emergency lighting. , and must carry out regular inspection and maintenance.

6. When necessary for maintenance and construction, open flames shall not be used at will in other parts except the kitchen and boiler room. The use of electric operation should also be approved by the leaders, supervised by special personnel, and fire-fighting equipment should be prepared at the same time. When the air duct for installing air conditioning equipment passes through the floor or wall, it should be separated by incombustible materials equivalent to the fire resistance limit of the floor, and a flame arrester should be set at the crossing place. Don't make holes in the fire partition at will. When paint and flammable chemical adhesives are needed for wall decoration or floor laying, the dosage should be strictly controlled, indoor ventilation should be done well, power supply should be cut off, and open flames are prohibited. In addition, when working near the cooling tower of constant temperature air conditioning equipment, open flames are not allowed.

7. Fire doors that can be opened in two directions should be installed in the front room of the stairwell away from the aisle. Except the door at the entrance of the stairwell, other doors should not be opened to the stairwell. Stair wells and passages should have emergency lighting. In addition, other rooms and materials are not allowed in the evacuation stairwell, and extra beds and sundries are not allowed in the passages and entrances. The wall surface of each floor should be hung with a schematic diagram of safety evacuation plan, and obvious indication signs should be set in the direction leading to the exit.

8. As the management department of hotels, restaurants and hotels, it should also formulate emergency evacuation and fire fighting plans, draw evacuation and fire fighting command maps and communication contact maps, equip with a well-trained emergency force and a certain number of life-saving or personal escape equipment, and regularly organize fire safety education activities and fire drills with passengers.

One fire after another took away one fresh life. So when you choose to stay in a hotel, you must choose a safe hotel. After checking into the hotel, I have to give you some tips:

1. Pay attention to the emergency evacuation route map behind the room door, remember and be familiar with the nearest escape route and safety exit.

Don't add electrical equipment in the room without permission.

Don't set off fireworks or burn things in the hotel.

4. Don't light mosquito-repellent incense in the room.

Do not smoke in bed or after drinking.

6. Don't use the TV and desk lamp for a long time.

7. When you leave the room, please cut off the power of the room.

(d) Fire self-help and escape

1. If the oil pan in the kitchen is on fire, cover it with a pot cover and a fire blanket, or use a fire extinguisher to put out the fire. If the kitchen gas pipeline leaks, close the valve to cut off the gas and strengthen ventilation. Do not turn on or off electrical equipment, and it is forbidden to use naked flame.

2. Dry powder fire extinguishers should be used in electrical fires, and water or foam extinguisher should not be used.

3. When a fire breaks out on the guest room floor, while giving an alarm, the personnel on duty and security personnel of the unit should quickly open all the safety exits to ensure that the safety evacuation passage is unobstructed. Quickly spread the fire with a nearby fire extinguisher, stop the fire in a certain area, and then organize forces to put it out completely. If the number of fire extinguishers is small, or no fire extinguishers can be found, the fire can be controlled by spraying water from the water gun of the indoor fire hydrant, and then completely eliminated. If there is a fire in the guest room, and there is no fire hydrant or fire extinguisher, close the door of the burning room and splash water on the door, so as to tightly seal the fire in the burning room until rescue forces arrive to put it out. If the fire has broken through the burning room and spread in the floor corridor, the smoke control device should be turned on quickly to smoke according to the requirements of fire prevention and smoke prevention zoning, the fire door should be closed in time, the fire shutter should be lowered, and the fire prevention and smoke prevention zoning should not be broken as much as possible, and then the automatic and fixed fire control facilities should be started to extinguish the fire.

4. Internal security personnel and service personnel should be in place quickly, organize personnel evacuation, maintain evacuation order, and prevent crowding and trampling. In the process of evacuation, you should pay attention to cover your nose and mouth with towels, handkerchiefs, napkins and sheets. , and organized evacuation to the lower level and exit. When there are many people in distress and the evacuation and rescue force is insufficient, the evacuation buffer method can be used to transfer the people to a safer room first, and then further evacuate to a safe floor. When someone is trapped in the fireworks area, the unit security and service personnel should do personal protection, and at the same time go deep into the interior to search all corners, bedrooms and other parts. Cover your nose and mouth with towels and sheets soaked in water or urine, and rescue by lifting, hugging and lifting, or first rescue to windows, balconies and other places to wait for rescue.

Once customers find the fire, they should report it to the service desk or the people in the next room immediately. You must close the door after leaving the room to prevent the fire from spreading. When you hear the fire emergency broadcast and evacuation instructions, you should act calmly and quickly according to the instructions. Don't "return" after leaving the danger zone, and don't lose the opportunity to escape for property. Never use the elevator when taking refuge. When you escape from the smoke, cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, and your body will bend and flee to the fire escape in the opposite direction of the smoke. If you have been besieged by fireworks, you should quickly close the room door, soak towels, sheets and other things with water, and block the crack of the door to prevent fireworks from invading and rescue. When waiting for rescue, you should shake the flashlight or clothes at the window and send out a distress signal so that firefighters can rescue them in time.

Seven, fire emergency evacuation plan

When a fire breaks out in a hotel (hotel ………), an office of fire control headquarters will be set up immediately, which consists of four groups: communication liaison group, fire action group, evacuation guidance group and safety protection and rescue group.

Responsibilities of each group:

Communication and liaison group: Call "1 19" to give an alarm to the fire brigade, and inform other groups to take their positions to meet the arrival of fire engines at major intersections.

Fire Action Team: Use the existing fire fighting equipment of the hotel (Hotel ……) to organize fire fighting.

Evacuation guidance group: responsible for organizing evacuees to leave the fire and rescue the affected materials. Be responsible for the alert of the fire scene, evacuate irrelevant personnel and vehicles in time, ensure that fire engines can enter the fire scene directly and quickly, and maintain a good order of fire fighting and material evacuation.

Safety protection and rescue group: do a good job in fire safety protection. If there are casualties, call "120" in time to rescue the wounded.

Command order and personnel list of fire fighting and emergency evacuation plan:

Field commander:

Communication liaison group:

Fire Action Team:

Evacuation Steering Group:

Security protection and rescue team