Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Hotel accommodation - What are the requirements of hotel architecture for electrical specialty?
What are the requirements of hotel architecture for electrical specialty?
Generally speaking, one-and two-star hotels are relatively small-scale buildings. In terms of electrical design, similar to other public buildings, there is no special place. In addition to bungalows and resorts, three-star and above hotels are mostly high-rise buildings, which have both the characteristics of high-rise civil buildings and their particularity. For the electrical specialty, there are roughly the following requirements.
First, the basic requirements:
A, power supply and load estimation:
1. The power supply line of the hotel should have two high voltages, which come from different high-voltage distribution stations.
2. In order to ensure the power supply of important loads, the hotel must set up a diesel generator set as an emergency standby power supply. When the mains power is cut off, the generator must be started immediately and put into normal load operation within 15s. The generator set shall be interlocked with the power system and shall not run in parallel with the power system. When the commercial power is restored, the generator set should automatically stop working and delay the shutdown. The capacity of diesel generator set shall meet the power consumption requirements of the following important loads: fire fighting load and security load, domestic water pump, all or part of passenger elevators, electricity consumption for kitchen, lighting for dining room 1/4- 1/3, boiler room, guest room lighting (at least one lamp), telephone exchange, cable TV room, computer room, cold storage (general warehouse), etc.
3. The hotel load estimation is shown in the following table:
Second, the lighting system:
1. The lighting brightness of the following places must be dimmable and variable (the specific scheme can be drawn up by the lighting designer): all restaurants, bars, conference rooms, banquet halls, lobbies, multi-function halls and private rooms.
2. Lamp switches in gas room, daily fuel tank room and dangerous goods warehouse shall be explosion-proof products.
3. The lighting control switches in the public lobby, lobby, lounge, stairwell, public walkway, guest room walkway, outdoor courtyard, fire stairs and lobby, evacuation corridor, basement walkway and other non-enclosed places can be controlled centrally at the service desk (main service desk or corresponding service desk) or controlled by BA.
Third, the broadcast sound system:
1. Public places such as walkways, elevators, lobbies, restaurants, cafes, public toilets, bars, private rooms, staff dining rooms, changing rooms, service rooms, backstage areas, etc. must be equipped with background music broadcasts, and the volume should be controlled by region.
2. Multi-function halls and other places should be equipped with independent sound reinforcement systems.
3. The guest room should be equipped with radio receiving equipment that can listen to at least 4 programs: 2 sets of music and 2 sets of local radio programs (FM). Broadcast programs can be set on TV channels, transmitted through TV lines in hotels, or transmitted through special broadcast transmission lines.
4. Cable broadcasting system should also be used as fire emergency broadcasting, and the system should be determined according to the requirements of fire emergency broadcasting. Fire emergency broadcast must be able to automatically cut to all areas and play.
Fourth, the telephone system:
1. The program-controlled switch has a large incoming and outgoing traffic, so it doesn't need direct dialing function, and the telephone console is powerful. In order to meet the needs of hotel room management and passengers, it should provide room control, message center, room status, do not disturb, automatic wake-up, integrated voice and data system functions, and can be friendly connected with the platform of hotel management system.
2. The capacity of SPC exchange should be twice the number of rooms.
Each room should have at least two telephone lines with different numbers. One way is the parallel room phone and bathroom phone, and the other way is the guest surfing the Internet or faxing. Each channel uses 4-core telephone lines, of which 2 cores are used as backup.
Five, cable TV system:
1. Hotel TV programs must include local TV, CCTV and overseas satellite TV programs, including news, movies, entertainment, finance and sports.
2. All multi-function halls, conference rooms, restaurants, bars, staff restaurants, gyms, private rooms, entertainment places, etc. There should be 1 to 3 cable TV terminals.
3. Each guest room should have at least one cable TV terminal.
4. Because the receiving antenna of satellite TV system is installed at the highest part of the hotel building, it increases the danger of direct lightning strike, so lightning protection measures should be taken.
Six, automatic fire alarm system:
In addition to the design according to (Code for Design of Automatic Fire Alarm System) (GB50116-98+06-98), the following requirements shall also be met:
1. The fire emergency broadcast must be able to switch to each room in case of fire, and the speaker can be installed on the ceiling at the entrance.
2. Boiler room, high and low voltage distribution room, transformer room and generator room should be equipped with automatic gas fire extinguishing devices.
3. Telephone exchange room and computer room should be equipped with suspended automatic gas fire extinguisher or automatic gas fire extinguishing device.
4. The fire doors leading from the fire stairs on each floor to the outside of the hotel must have the functions of local alarm and control room alarm.
5. The smoke detector in the guest room should have an address code.
Seven, computer network system:
1. Hotel computer management system shall include the following business scope:
Front desk business management; Restaurant business guidance and management; Warehouse management; Passenger data management; Telephone service management; Equipment operation monitoring and management.
2. The computer room requires high reliability of power supply, and a static AC uninterruptible power supply device should be set.
3. The computer room should ensure that it can avoid the possibility of non-computer management personnel entering when using it; Secondly, it should not be adjacent to or connected with guest rooms, restaurants, kitchens, elevators and storage tanks.
Every room should have at least one data port (broadband high-speed network RJ45).
5. Use comprehensive wiring to plan the wiring of computer system, telephone system and building automation system in a unified way.
Eight, security system:
. In the main service desk, foreign exchange office, main entrances and exits, main passages, main public places and important computer rooms. Closed-circuit television monitoring equipment should be set up in the valuables storage place.
. CCTV monitoring system should be linked with alarm system and access control management system;
Install magnetic switches or other monitoring devices on lintels of important passages to monitor the state of passages. If the monitoring device is touched, the central monitoring system decides whether to call the police according to the time set by the program. After the alarm, the central monitoring system sends out a linkage signal, and the relevant lens of the closed-circuit television monitoring system is used to record the abnormal situation.
Two. Room requirements:
First, the power supply:
1. Each guest room should have two power supplies: one for normal power supply and the other for emergency power supply.
2. At least one lamp in each standard room is connected to the emergency power supply circuit, usually a lamp in a small corridor.
3. Each guest room should have an independent distribution box, which is usually hidden in the wardrobe at the entrance; The distribution lines of electrical equipment in superior rooms should be equipped with leakage protectors with overvoltage and undervoltage protection functions.
Second, lamps and sockets:
1. The lamps on the bathroom ceiling should have waterproof covers.
2. Ceiling lamps need to be installed above the bathtub and shower room.
3. The hanging cabinet should be equipped with a lighting lamp with a protective cover, which is controlled by the cabinet door switch. If there is a mezzanine in the closet, the lamps should be located under the mezzanine.
4. Bedside lamp should have dimming function.
5. If there is a desk lamp above the bedside, the illumination range should be less than 12 degrees, and the angle can be adjusted.
6. The floor lamp switch should be placed on it, such as the cable switch, and the foot switch cannot be used.
7. The two computer power sockets above the desk are multi-purpose, and one of them should be an inch square foot socket.
8. All power outlets should choose two-hole and three-hole safety compound panels with switches; For all kinds of sockets except the rated voltage of 220V, the voltage level should be indicated on the panel or different jack types should be adopted.
Third, the key switch:
1. With delay function.
2. When the key card is taken out and the power supply is cut off, the fan coil unit shall automatically switch to the low-speed operation state.
3. The following appliances should not be controlled by the key switch:
Power socket for bathroom shaver; Safe power socket (alternating current); Small refrigerator power socket; Bedside mobile phone charging power socket; Bedside radio electronic clock charging power socket; Doorbell and "Do Not Disturb" instruction; Lighting lamp powered by emergency power supply circuit
Four, lighting control mode:
Lighting is distributed-main switch control mode:
. The lighting at the entrance of the small corridor is controlled by two double-control switches at the door and bedside, not by access cards;
. The requirements for the main switch are as follows:
. Control: bedroom lighting, floor lamp, writing desk, mini-bar lamp.
. Uncontrolled: porch lights, night lights, bathroom and closet lights.
Five, switch socket layout:
The following is the general situation, and the specific situation can be determined according to the fine decoration design:
1. A "Do Not Disturb" display panel and a doorbell button are set at the edge of the external wall.
2. Interior wall of the entrance:
. Key card switch with indicator light on the panel;
. Corridor light double control switch;
. Double control (door) switch controls the lighting in the bedroom, and the panel should be equipped with indicator light;
. The "Do Not Disturb" switch is located next to the key card switch, and a special panel should be selected. It is obviously different from the ordinary switch panel, and needs to be equipped with indicator lights and graphic signs or Chinese and English fonts (or on the bedside control panel).
3. Toilet:
. The outer wall of the door is provided with an illuminating lamp and an exhaust fan switch;
. There is a hair dryer and shaving socket in the bathroom;
. Wall-mounted telephone;
. Television audio switch.
4. Bedside wall (if there is no bedside control panel):
. Above the bedside table (generally above the table 10 cm):
1) dual-control switch for corridor lights-"corridor lights in lobby";
2) Double-control (bedside) switch, which is used to control the lighting in the bedroom, and the panel should be equipped with indicator light;
3) Read the dimmer switch above the bedside, one on the left and one on the right;
4) Night light switch;
5) Mobile phone charging power socket.
. Under the bedside table
1) The telephone port of the bedside is on the wall under the bedside table and cannot be exposed;
2) bedside lamp socket;
3) The power socket of the radio electronic clock is 220V.
5. Arrangement of sockets and panels on the writing desk:
. Settings above the desk (generally higher than the desk 10 cm):
1) has a data port (broadband high-speed network RJ45);
2) Telephone port (dial-up Internet access or fax machine RJll), and the panel shall be marked with graphics or Chinese and English fonts;
3) There are two multi-purpose computer power sockets above the writing desk, including one one inch square foot socket (not controlled by the key switch).
. Settings under the table:
1) desktop phone port RJll;;
2) Desk lamp power board (directly connected without socket).
6. Socket and panel settings at the back of the TV:
. TV power socket;
. TV RF/FM RF signal input socket;
. TV audio signal output socket (connected to the bathroom speaker);
. Data port RJ45 (standby line, video-on-demand or TV Internet access) (Category 5 line).
7. Other necessary power outlets:
. Floor lamp power board (direct connection without socket);
. Power socket of vacuum cleaner during cleaning;
. Electric kettle power socket (switch required);
. Standby, etc.
8. Suites and special rooms are subject to specific conditions.
Six, bedside control panel:
If there is a bedside control panel in the guest room, it should have the following control functions:
. Television power switch;
. Audio selection and volume adjustment switch;
. Wind speed control switch of fan coil unit;
. Guest room lights;
. Channel light switch (can be controlled in two places);
. Dimming switch of bedside lamp;
. Night lighting switch (choose dimmable switch if possible).
If conditions permit, it can have the following control functions:
. Desk lamp;
. Sofa floor lamp.
Seven, weak current:
1. The bedside table needs no control. Music and broadcasting (FM) are transmitted through radio frequency lines and broadcast by TV.
2. The audio signal of TV should be sent to the bathroom. There are speakers and volume switches in the bathroom to receive audio signals from TV. Speakers are usually placed under the table.
3. The emergency broadcast horn (3W) shall be installed on the ceiling of the small corridor. Every room in the suite should have a speaker.
4. Each room should have at least three Category 5 lines (or two Category 5 lines and one Category 3 line) (data, standby and voice):
. A Category 5 (or Category 3) line is used as a telephone line (two different extension numbers) for voice transmission: one pair of lines is the two telephone landlines in the guest room (the port sockets are under the desk and bedside table) connected in parallel with the telephone hook in the bathroom, and the other pair of lines is the port socket RJll (above the desk) used by guests to dial Internet phone or fax machine.
. Category 5 cable is used for data transmission, providing broadband high-speed Internet access (above the desktop) port socket RJll.
. Category 5 cable is used as a backup cable port (RJ45 socket) for expansion or video-on-demand, and installed behind the TV.
Eight, fire safety:
1. The smoke detector in the guest room should have an audible alarm function, that is, the detector base should be equipped with a buzzer.
2. Fire audible and visual alarm should be installed in public places and disabled rooms. The alarm in the disabled room is located under the ceiling near the small corridor in the bedroom.
Ⅲ. Requirements for building automation system:
Building automation system (BAS) generally takes air conditioning and ventilation system as the main monitoring object, and other systems can be selected according to the situation. The building automation system control center should be located in the fire control center or the security monitoring center.
A, air conditioning, HVAC system monitoring:
1. Central refrigeration system:
. Start-stop status and fault alarm of refrigeration unit and water pump;
. Start-stop status, fault alarm and inlet and outlet water temperature of cooling tower pumps and fans;
. Supply/return water temperature of chilled water and cooling water;
. Reflux and cooling load of chilled water;
. Voltage, current and power readings of each phase of the refrigeration unit;
. Operation status and fault alarm of refrigerator.
2. Cooling tower system:
. Inlet and outlet water temperatures;
. Running status and fault alarm of cooling tower water pump and fan;
. Temperature overrun and water level lower limit alarm.
3. Heating system:
. Primary water (steam) temperature;
. Secondary water supply and return water temperature;
. Start-stop status and fault alarm of circulating pump;
. Boiler operation state.
4. Air conditioning unit system:
. Fresh air, air supply, return air temperature surface cooler temperature;
. Carbon dioxide concentration;
. Indoor humidity;
. Start-stop status and fault alarm of the fan;
. Air filter pressure difference exceeds the limit, fault status and alarm.
5. Fresh air processor system:
. Outdoor fresh air temperature;
. Supply air temperature;
. Filter status;
. Air filter pressure difference overrun, fault status and alarm;
. Start-stop state and fault alarm of new fan;
. The humidification system is started and stopped.
6. Exhaust fan system:
. Indoor harmful gas concentration;
. Start-stop state and fault alarm of air supply and exhaust fan;
. Cumulative running time;
. Environmental temperature monitoring in some important areas, such as outdoor, lobby, coffee shop, Chinese restaurant, swimming pool, banquet hall and so on.
Second, the liquid level control system:
The central monitoring system shall monitor domestic water, cold water, hot water, water tanks and water pumps:
. Liquid level status and alarm;
. Start-stop status and fault alarm of drainage pump and makeup pump;
. Monitoring filtration and sterilization equipment;
. Cumulative running time.
Third, the elevator and escalator system:
The central monitoring system can monitor and record the following status and alarms:
. Escalators run up and down;
. The normal and stopped running state of elevators and escalators;
. Emergency stop and abnormal operation alarm of elevators and escalators;
. Escalator running time accumulation;
. The fire control center is equipped with a simulation panel for each elevator's running state and a control panel when the elevator itself fails or is in an abnormal state.
Fourth, the power supply and distribution system
The central monitoring system shall have the following monitoring functions for the operation status and power quality of power transformation and distribution equipment:
. The on-off state and fault of each circuit breaker in the important outlet circuit, the temperature rise and fault of the line;
. Transformer temperature rise and temperature rise overrun;
. The running state of the main bus;
. Power quality of commercial power (voltage, current, frequency, power, power factor);
. Calculation of electricity consumption and electricity charges;
. The running state (speed, oil temperature, oil pressure, oil quantity, water temperature and water pressure) and accumulated running time of the generator set;
. Power supply quality (voltage, current, frequency, output power) and abnormal operation and failure of generator set;
. Power quality (output voltage and current) and battery pack failure.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) lighting system:
. Start and stop indoor and outdoor lighting circuits according to the programmed time: garden lighting, facade lighting, aviation obstacle signal lights, public area aisle lighting, etc.
. The start-stop state and cumulative start-up times of indoor and outdoor lighting circuits;
. Aviation obstacle signal lamp failure.
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