Tour guides in Macau ask for extra money 120 yuan to see the Venetians, but tourists don't want to be scared, so they are not allowed to get on the bus and complain to anyone.

1, what is Oracle Bone Inscriptions?

Oracle Bone Inscriptions refers to the characters carved on tortoise shells and animal bones in the Yin and Shang Dynasties.

2. What is Jinwen?

Bronze inscriptions refer to the characters cast on bronzes during the Yin and Zhou Dynasties.

3. What are the representative works of Jin Wen?

Bronze inscriptions in the Western Zhou Dynasty were popular, mainly including Mao and Pan.

4. What is Shi Guwen?

Shi Guwen was written on ten drum-shaped stone tablets, also known as "hunting stone tablets".

5. What is big seal script?

Before Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, all the characters were collectively called Da Zhuan, including Oracle Bone Inscriptions, (Zhong Dingwen) and Ancient Chinese.

6. What is Xiao Zhuan?

Small seal script is relative to big seal script. Qin Zhuan edited by Li Si, the prime minister of Qin Dynasty, is called Biography.

7. What are the representative works of Xiao Zhuan in Qin Dynasty?

Taishan stone carving, Huiji stone carving, etc. It is said that most books are written by Li Si, and the book style is rigorous, symmetrical, dignified and beautiful.

8. What is Wadangwen?

Wadang script is a script carved on Wadang script in Qin and Han Dynasties. The content is mostly Kyrgyz.

9. How did the official script come into being?

Lishu was gradually formed in the long-term writing process of Cao Zhuan.

10, what is Han Li?

Han Li refers to the official script of the Han Dynasty, especially the official script of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Later generations called the official script of the Eastern Han Dynasty "Han Li".

1 1. What are the representative works of Han Li?

Zhang Qianbei, Yingbei and Cao Quanbei.

12 what is Cao Zhang?

Cao Zhang was formed in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty, and gradually matured, becoming a popular cursive script in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which was the result of the rapid writing of official script. Cao Zhang's famous works handed down from ancient times include Xiang's Urgent Chapter, Lu Ji's Ping Fu Tie, and Suo Jing's Yue Yi Tie.

13, what kind of grass is this?

This kind of grass, also called "grass", is the most popular font in cursive script. This kind of grass matured in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty inherited and developed the cursive script initiated by Zhang Zhi and formed a new style. In order to distinguish it from Cao Zhang, people call it Cao Jin.

What is big grass?

Big grass, also known as "wild grass", is a kind of cursive script. Zhang Xu and Huai Su, two calligraphers in the Tang Dynasty, further developed into more indulgent cursive scripts than those in the Jin Dynasty.

What is regular script?

Regular script is also called official script, regular script and regular script. The earliest calligrapher of regular script is Zhong You, and the oldest regular script is Zhong You's Declaration Form and Recommended Season Table. The regular script of Wang Xizhi and Wang Xianzhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was developed on the basis of Zhong You's regular script, which is more beautiful. Regular script can be divided into Jin script, Wei script and Tang script.

16. What are the stone carvings in the Northern Wei Dynasty?

The stone carvings in the Northern Wei Dynasty are the general names of the stone inscriptions in the Northern Wei Dynasty and the stone carvings in Weibei with similar calligraphy styles before and after the Northern Wei Dynasty, including epitaphs, statues, stone inscriptions and cliff carvings. Some people also call the stone carvings of the Northern Wei Dynasty "Wei Kai".

17, what is a running script?

Running script is a kind of calligraphy between regular script and cursive script. The quick writing of regular script and some cursive techniques form the characteristics of running script. The early running script sprouted at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, later than the formation of regular script. Legend has it that it was created by Liu Desheng at the end of Han Dynasty.

18, what exactly is thinness?

Thin gold body was developed by Song Huizong and Evonne on the basis of predecessors, and it has a strong personal style. His strokes are as thin as iron, calling himself "thin and golden".

What is a lacquer book?

Lacquer calligraphy generally refers to a kind of calligraphy written by Jin Nong, one of the eight eccentrics in Yangzhou in Qing Dynasty.

Second, calligrapher's class

20. What are the style characteristics of Zhong You's calligraphy works?

The brushwork is clear, quaint and simple, thin and round, and the font is flat and wide with proper limit. Also known as "Zhong Wang" with Wang Xizhi.

2 1. What are Zhong You's handed down works?

Zhong You's book Trace has been handed down from generation to generation. Among the famous inscriptions, there are "Declaration Form" and "He Jie Table".

22. What are the characteristics of Zhang Zhi's calligraphy and representative works?

Zhang Zhi was a famous calligrapher in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He is good at calligraphy, calligraphy, calligraphy and calligraphy, and has learned the methods of Cui Yuanhe Du. He changed Cao Zhang's handwriting into calligraphy, and his pulse was steady. Works handed down from ancient times include August Post and No.1 Scholar Post.

23. What are the calligraphy works handed down by Suo Jing and their characteristics?

Suo Jing's handed down works include Le Yi Tie, Ode to a Teacher, Urgent Chapter, etc. His calligraphy is vigorous and powerful.

24. What are the style characteristics of Wei Shuo's calligraphy works?

In the Tang Dynasty, "Mrs. Wei" called her books like flower arranging dancers, full of high spirits and beautiful, just like the beauty on the stage, with fairy moths painting, red lotus reflecting water and blue sea floating Xia. She was Wang Xizhi's calligraphy teacher when he was a child.

25. What is Wang Xizhi's calligraphy style?

Wang Xizhi was honored as a "book saint" and had a great influence on later generations. Use the technique of "pouting inward".

26. What are the running scripts handed down by Wang Xizhi?

Running script: Preface to Lanting Collection, Two Letters of Thanks, etc.

27. What are the stylistic features of Wang Xianzhi's calligraphy works?

Wang Xianzhi has created a new cursive style, with a high-spirited spirit. Later generations called him and his father "Xiao Wang" and "Wang Da", also known as "Two Kings", which became a thousand-year calligraphy classic.

28. What are Wang Xianzhi's cursive works?

Running grass: Mid-Autumn Festival stickers, duck head pills, etc.

29. What are the style characteristics of Wang Jian's calligraphy works?

His calligraphy is vigorous and elegant, and Gu Zhuo is natural and unrestrained. His handed down work "Yuan Bo Post".

30. What are the style characteristics of Zhiyong's calligraphy?

Zhiyong's "True Grass Thousand Characters" expresses its charm, elegance and beauty with a pen; The knot is tall and elegant, and the wind is very strong, just like the temperament of a handsome boy.

3 1. Which four calligraphers did the "Four Masters in Early Tang Dynasty" refer to?

Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang, Xue Qi.

32. What are the style characteristics of Ou Yangxun's calligraphy?

Regular script works, simple and implicit, vigorous and handsome; The structure is tight inside and loose outside, and it is square and dignified. It sees danger in peace and elegance in simplicity. It is an outstanding example of combining the essence of North and South calligraphy.

33. What are the regular script handed down from ancient times in Ou Yangxun?

Jiuchenggong Liquan stele, Huadu Temple stele, Yugong Gong stele, etc.

34. What are the style characteristics of Yu Shinan's calligraphy?

His representative work "Confucius Temple Monument" is written in regular script, with a steady pen. The knot is generous, dignified and elegant, full of character.

35. What are the regular script handed down by Yu Shinan?

Confucius temple monument, etc.

36. What are the style characteristics of Chu Suiliang's regular script works?

His masterpiece "Meng Shi Bei" in regular script is Qingyuan Xiaosan, vigorous and elegant.

37. What works did Chu Suiliang hand down from ancient times?

Regular script: Meng Fuzi tablet, Yanta holy teaching preface, etc.

38. What are the style characteristics of Xue Ji's calligraphy works?

The pen is thin and hard, and the stippling is delicate; The structure is mainly vertical, sparse and open, and it has both the beauty of Hua Jun and the beauty of Li Qi.

39. What are the style characteristics of Li Yong's calligraphy works?

His brushwork is thin and hard, his bones are strong, his structure is right, and his density is strong.

40. What are Li Yong's handed down works?

Li Sixun monument, Lushan Temple monument, etc.

4 1. What are the style characteristics of Sun's calligraphy works?

His cursive script "Shu Pu" won two kings' brushwork, which was vigorous and sharp, implicit and meaningful.

42. What are the stylistic features of Zhang Xu's calligraphy?

Zhang Xu's cursive script is the most famous. He often makes a hullabaloo about when he is drunk, and is called "Zhang Dian".

43. What are Zhang Xu's works handed down from ancient times?

Stomach Pain Sticker, Four-character Poem and so on.

44. What are the style characteristics of Yan Zhenqing's regular script works?

"Duota Duobei", with a stroke of the pen, is handsome and beautiful; The knot is even and stable, dignified and dense.

45. What are the style characteristics of Yan Zhenqing's running script works?

His style of writing is romantic and heavy, and his pen is centered, round and vigorous, with the meaning of seal writing, which turns the fluency of the two kings' "broken hair" into the roughness of "the house leaks and it rains all night".

46. What are the style characteristics of Huai Su's calligraphy works?

Huai Su's cursive script is mostly written for the center, tossing and turning, rolling like thunder.

47. What are Huai Su's works handed down from ancient times?

"self-narrative post" and "bitter bamboo shoot post"

48. What are the style characteristics of Liu Gongquan's regular calligraphy works?

The pen is firm and thin, emphasizing the sudden pressure at the beginning, closing and turning points, showing obvious decorative phenomenon of raised nodules; Structurally, the palace is tightened and the square is open.

49. What are the regular script handed down by Liu Gongquan?

Regular script: mysterious tower monument, Shence army monument, etc.

50. What is "Yan Liu Jin Gu"?

"Yan Liu Jin Gu" is an evaluation of Yan Zhenqing and Liu Gongquan's calligraphy style, which means that Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy is meaty and less bone, while Liu Gongquan's calligraphy is meaty and less bone.

5 1. What are the stylistic features of Yang Ningshi's calligraphy works?

Its characters are easy to move, its posture is vivid, and the lines between words are very ethereal, forming a sparse layout, extraordinary and refined, fresh and refined. He is an important inheritor of the calligraphy style in the late Tang Dynasty.

52. What are the regular script handed down from ancient times in Yang Ningshi?

The post of leek.

53. "Song Sijia" refers to which four calligraphers?

Cai Xiang, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei.

54. What are the stylistic features of Cai Xiang's calligraphy works?

His calligraphy is elegant, vigorous, concise and changeable. His representative works are "Attendant Sticker" and "beriberi Sticker".

55. What are the style characteristics of Su Shi's calligraphy works?

The brushwork is rich, the characters are plump and flat, the composition is dense and well-organized, the rough is seeking emptiness, and the clumsy is hiding cleverness.

56. What are the masterpieces of Su Shi's running script?

Huangzhou cold food poems, red wall poems, Dongting spring poems, etc.

57. What are the style characteristics of Huang Tingjian's calligraphy works?

His calligraphy pen is rough and round, sharp and hard with toughness, tight and tight, long and sharp.

58. What are the representative works of Huang Tingjian's running script?

Running script: Postscript of Dongpo Huangzhou Cold Food Poems, Poems from Jing Fubo, Songfengge Post, etc.

59. What are the style characteristics of Mi Fei's calligraphy works?

The pen is smart and changeable, and its power can be seen. It is white, energetic, calm, easy to start and close, easy to lift and press, and stumbling. The posture is both flying and middle, which is unpredictable. "The wind, the horse and the cow have nothing to do with each other, and they are happy." They call themselves "four fronts", and their posture is multifaceted, and the rules are dense and alternating.

60. What are the masterpieces of Mi Fei's running script?

Running script: Shu Su Tie, Tiaoxi Poetry Tie, etc.

6 1. What are the style features of Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy works?

Zhao Mengfu's calligraphy is gentle and profound, with skillful brushwork, beautiful words and elegant style. Zhao Mengfu is a calligrapher who advocates learning from Zhong Wang and going in and out of Jin and Tang Dynasties. It influenced the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. Zhao Mengfu's regular script is listed as one of the four regular scripts of Europe, Yan, Liu and Zhao by later generations, and is called "Zhao Ti".

62. What are the masterpieces of Zhao Mengfu's regular script handed down from ancient times?

"Danba Monument", "Rebuilding the Three Gates of the Xuandian" and so on.

63. Who were the famous calligraphers in the Yuan Dynasty?

Zhao Mengfu, Li Kang Jojo, Yang Weizhen, Ni Zan, etc.

64. What are the stylistic features of Li Kang's calligraphy works?

The brushwork is vigorous and beautiful, and the turning point is round. Books handed down from ancient times include "Fisherman's Ci" and so on.

65. What are the style characteristics of Yang Weizhen's calligraphy works?

The pen is clear and energetic, and the glyph breaks the sweet and vulgar atmosphere, with strange ups and downs. His representative works include Zhen Jing Anmuyuan Scroll, etc.

66. What are the stylistic features of Ni Zan's calligraphy works?

Known for its small letters and flat fonts, it won the brushwork of Wei Jin people for writing regular script with Li method.

67. What do you mean by "the four Wumen families"?

Zhu Yunming, Wen Zhiming, Chen Chun and Chong Wang.

68. What are the style characteristics of Zhu Yunming's calligraphy works?

His small letters are exquisite and elegant, and won the law of Jin people. They have their own intentions. Small letters have been handed down from generation to generation, and there are "Red Wall Fu" and "Luoshen Fu".

69. What are the characteristics of Wen Zhiming's calligraphy works in lower case?

Taking the method of "two kings" is pure and delicate. Handed down works include Gui Xi Ci and Li Sao Jing.

70. What are the style characteristics of Chen Chun's cursive calligraphy works?

The momentum is vertical and horizontal, the strangeness is unrestrained, and the longitudinal escape rate is Italy. The representative works of cursive script handed down from ancient times include Eight Poems of Autumn Prosperity.

7 1. What are the style characteristics of Wang Chong's calligraphy works in lower case?

His lower case has the charm of Jin people, rich and varied brushwork, plain and strange structure and elegant style. His works handed down in small letters include Teng Xu and Biography of Assassins.

72. What are the stylistic features of Dong Qichang's calligraphy works?

The pen should be empty, the composition should be sparse, the ink should be moist, and the elegant, quiet, naive and simple style of writing should be pursued.

73. What are the stylistic features of Fu Shan's calligraphy works?

The reason is simple, seemingly crazy and weird, but in fact, I know the ancient law well.

74. What are the eight eccentrics in Yangzhou?

Wang, Jin Nong, Li, Huang Shen, Gao Xiang, Zheng Xie,.

75. What are the style characteristics of Liu Yong's calligraphy works?

The book style is vigorous and vigorous, the appearance is slim and quaint, and the needle is hidden in cotton, which is known as the "Prime Minister of Thick Ink".

76. What are the representative calligraphers who were good at seal script in Qing Dynasty?

Deng, Wu Xizai, Zhao, Wu Changshuo, etc.

Third, inscriptions.

77. What is a monument?

A monument originally refers to a stone standing on the ground. At first, there were no words on the tablet, but later words were engraved, which were called "tablet" and "inscription" in calligraphy art.

78. What is a post?

The original meaning of the post refers to the words written on silk books, and the post in calligraphy refers to the words written by people in Jin, Tang and Song Dynasties in calligraphy, which are all called posts in the form of woodcuts and stone carvings.

79. What is a tablet school?

Monument school is a new school of calligraphy art that appeared in Qing Dynasty.

80. What is a post?

Post-study is a concept put forward relative to the appearance of stele study. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, it refers to a school of calligraphy with Fa Tie as the research object and Zhong You and Wang Xizhi as the Sect. The rise of the wind of engraving posts in the Northern Song Dynasty greatly promoted the prevalence of post schools.

8 1, what is lettering?

Carving famous calligraphy works of past dynasties on wooden boards or slates is called lettering. In ancient times, masterpieces of calligraphy in past dynasties were widely spread by engraving posts.

82. What is the post of Spring Flower Pavilion?

In the third year of Chunhua in the Northern Song Dynasty (992), Song Taizong ordered Wang Zhushu to compile the works of emperors, famous ministers and famous calligraphers in past dynasties into ten volumes, carve them with jujube wood, and print them with Chengxin Tang paper and Li Ting silicon ink.

83. What is Fa Tie Sanxi Hall?

In the 12th year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty (1747), Emperor Qianlong ordered Liang to sort out and copy the ancient law books collected in Qing Palace, which lasted for three years. Thirty-two volumes from Wei and Jin Dynasties to the end of Ming Dynasty. Because Qianlong collected three kinds of ink, namely, Wang Xizhi's Sunny Snow Post, Wang Xianzhi's Mid-Autumn Post and Wang Yan's Hundred Yuan Post, which were also included in the engraved post, the engraved post was called Sanxi Hall Fate Post.

84. What is the spread?

Transmission is also called spinal extension. Calligraphy and painting on stone, bamboo and wooden utensils are hammered down with paper and ink to facilitate wide circulation, which is called vertebral extension.

85. What are rubbings?

Calligraphy and painting hammered from stone tablets are called rubbings.

86. Whose calligraphy work is Preface to Lanting Collection? What are the style characteristics?

Preface to Lanting Collection, also known as Preface to the River, and Post. The preface describes the grand occasion of the Lanting party in Shaoxing and the feelings of the author Wang Xizhi. This post is well written and well written, which fully embodies Wang Xizhi's handsome, elegant and beautiful book style and is known as "the best running book in the world".

87. In what era was the Preface of Huai Ren Ji Wang Xizhi collected?

The Preface of Huaiwang Xizhi is an inscription on the running script in Tang Dynasty.

88. Whose calligraphy work is "Sacrifice to the Nephew"? What are the style characteristics?

"Sacrifice to a Nephew" is a eulogy written by Yan Zhenqing, a calligrapher in Tang Dynasty, for the murder of his nephew Ji Ming in Anshi Rebellion. His pen is vigorous and powerful, with alternating knots and endless changes. Dry and ink, naive. Later generations praised the "Sacrifice to the Nephew" as "the second running script in the world".

89. Whose calligraphy work is Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post? What are the style characteristics?

Huangzhou Cold Food Poetry Post is two poems written by Su Shi, a calligrapher in Song Dynasty. This work expresses his depressed mood of being demoted to Huangzhou. The stippling of this post is firm and sure, firm and powerful, calm and dignified, and the pen is bold and unrestrained, like a tide, ups and downs. It is the best work in Su Shu handed down from generation to generation, and is praised as "the third running script in the world" by later generations.

Fourth, comprehensive class.

90. What is the meaning of calligraphy?

Simply put, calligraphy refers to the art of writing Chinese characters with a brush. It includes four basic elements: brushwork, structure, composition and ink painting. Specifically, calligraphers use pen and ink as writing tools, Chinese characters as writing objects, Xuan paper, silk and other materials suitable for writing as carriers, and express their temperament with correct brushwork, reasonable structure, perfect composition and harmonious brushwork, which is a kind of China traditional art with rich connotations.

9 1, what is "eight-character method"?

The eight basic strokes that constitute the word "Yong" are written in the following ways: first, the point is "side", second, the horizontal is "le", third, the vertical is "anger", fourth, the tick is "super", fifth, the upper left is "strategy", sixth, the lower left is "grazing", seventh, and the upper right is "pecking".

92. What is reading a post?

Reading posts means reading posts, that is, just like reading and analyzing the essentials and principles of articles, carefully trying to figure out, analyze and understand the brushwork, structural characteristics and composition layout of inscriptions, so as to be aware of them.

93. What is a temporary post?

Pro-posting is to put the copybook aside and practice writing by imitating the writing skills, structural characteristics, turning points, pressing, tripping, collecting, hiding, revealing and layout. People often use the meaning of facing, facing back and facing.

94. What is copywriting?

Copying is to cover the clipboard with transparent tissue paper and write according to the original copybook.

95. What's behind?

Reciting is a way to learn books. On the basis of skillful copying, you don't look at the template, but write by memory, trying to be close to the original style and realistic.

96. What is Four Treasures of the Study?

"Four Treasures of the Study" refers to the pen, ink, paper and inkstone used in traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy. Xuan paper, Hu pen, Hui ink and Duan inkstone are the best products in Four Treasures of the Study.

97. What is Xuan paper?

Xuan paper is made from the bark of Pteroceltis tatarinowii, which is used for calligraphy and painting, and has the special performance of "expressing fine art". Xiaoling in Jingxian County, Anhui Province is the hometown of rice paper. Jiajiang in Sichuan also produces calligraphy and painting paper, which is called Jiajiangxuan. Xuan paper can be divided into raw Xuan and cooked Xuan. Raw Xuan can absorb water and penetrate, but cooked Xuan can't.

98. What is ink?

Ink can be divided into two categories: pine smoke and oil smoke. Huimo is the most famous, and its origin is Shexian County, Anhui Province. Now most calligraphers use ink, such as Li Tingsi ink produced in Shexian county, Anhui province, Hu Kaiwen ink, Cao Sugong ink produced in Shanghai, Yidege ink produced in Beijing and so on.

99. What is a pen?

Pen refers to the brush used for painting and calligraphy. Hu Bi is the most famous, produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang. Brushes can be divided into three categories: soft hair, double-strand brush hair and hard hair.

100, what is an inkstone?

Inkstone refers to the grinding tool of ink. The most famous inkstones are Duanyan and She Yan. Duanyan is produced in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, and Sheyan is produced in Sheshan, Anhui and Weilongshan, Wuyuan County, Jiangxi Province.