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1. Analysis of the Landscape Effect of Bamboo

Bamboo has a high aesthetic value. The body of bamboo is manifested in four aspects: posture, color, sound and rhyme. The shape of bamboo is a combination of beauty, beauty, victory and meaning. Bamboo stems are tall and beautiful, branches and leaves are chic and colorful, modest and unique, and sound, shadow, meaning and shape are "four interests". Judging from the shape, size, color, bamboo branch shape, bamboo leaf type, bamboo shoots unearthed and jointing growth and different combinations from different angles, the beauty of bamboo is free and easy, elegant, tall and straight, strong, simple and strange. Bamboo has various shapes and peculiar culms, such as tortoise shell bamboo, Buddha belly bamboo and arhat bamboo. The stems are square and round, and the leaves are long, short, wide, narrow, needle-shaped and oval. There are tall and short, such as bamboo, red bamboo, hemp bamboo and so on. For short, it is called ground cover plants, including floor bamboo, green bamboo and Philippine white bamboo. Some are scattered and clustered, such as Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, and Arhat bamboo. Some are like Xiao Shunzhu, Phoenix Bamboo and Ci Bamboo. The color of bamboo is reflected in the colors of bamboo shoots, stems and leaves, and the colors of bamboo shoots are mostly yellow and red; The colors of rods are the most diverse, such as light green, golden yellow, deep purple and stripes. The color of leaves, from dark green, emerald green to yellowish green, will show the change of the overall tone of bamboo forest, and all colors have different emotional expressions and give people different associations. When the wind is like rain, bamboo sounds like cicadas. Bamboo can make sounds in the wind, in the rain, in the insects and birds, in the bleak, in the clear sky and in the silence. This kind of sound is similar or similar to people's thoughts and feelings, and it can cause * * * sound when it is in its environment. Bamboo can also create different landscapes in different seasons-noble snow bamboo, free and easy rain bamboo, misty bamboo, swaying wind bamboo, bleak Qingyuan and the toughness of bamboo shoots. Li Heyou, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, praised that "the long characters are carved into jade, and the mother bamboo shoots are made of dragon material, so it is easier to smoke thousands of feet at night without spending a few inches on the pond garden". When people stroll leisurely in the green bamboo forest, watching bamboo shadows is picturesque and higher than painting; Listening to the sound of bamboo "the wind comes to Xiao Ye and it is turbulent" is far from the beauty of Song Tao's music; Elegant and charming like a village girl, Tingting stands like a gentleman; Modesty and frugality, due to a sense of nature, will produce an infinite ease and retirement, and cultivate people's sentiments in the enjoyment of beauty.

Bamboo is not only outstanding in its own aesthetic feeling, but also in the traditional culture of China, because of its modesty, restraint, straightness and fearlessness, it conforms to the traditional aesthetic taste and ethical consciousness of China, and is personalized, symbolizing modesty, integrity, uprightness, flexibility and filial piety. Its connotation has become the character and endowment of the Chinese nation and the basic spirit and historical personality of China traditional culture. In history, many poets and scholars have written many poems about bamboo, expressing the noble interest and cultural psychology of literati who are faithful, open-minded, ambitious and broad-minded. For example, Wang Wei's "Bamboo House": "Leaning on dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming songs. The voice is so low that no one can hear it except my partner Mingyue. " Du Fu's poem "Green bamboo half smiles, new shoots come out of the wall". In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi's "Green Bamboo Rhyme" chanted: "It's better to eat without meat than to live without bamboo, which makes people thin and vulgar", which shows the elegance of literati. In the Qing Dynasty, Zheng Banqiao sang and painted bamboo all his life, leaving many beautiful poems about bamboo, saying, "I insist that the green hills will not relax, and the roots will break through the rocks, and I will remain strong after all kinds of trials, and I will be blown by the southeast, northwest and north winds." Highly praised the indomitable and thriving nature of bamboo. Ancient painters in China not only painted bamboo, but also combined other materials to create various bamboo paintings. Su Shi loved bamboo and painted it, saying, "Plum is cold and beautiful, bamboo is thin and long-lived, and stone is ugly and elegant." The poet called it "three benefits" and created a painting style with bamboo and stone as the theme. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, some painters liked to write about pines, bamboos and plums, which were called "three friends who were old and cold". Clan literati melted their feelings into bamboo and regarded bamboo as a symbol of "noble and faithful". In the long-term production practice and cultural activities, the working people skillfully link the bamboo festival with the integrity of being a man, which has become a spirit that everyone should follow. "Jade can be broken without changing its whiteness, and bamboo can be burned without destroying its festival" is an inexhaustible spiritual wealth in Chinese bamboo culture, inspiring generations of Chinese sons and daughters to forge ahead bravely without fear of power.

2. The role of bamboo in China classical gardens.

Bamboo, with its wide variety, graceful posture and profound cultural connotation, has become an important landscaping material in Chinese classical gardens and has been widely used in royal gardens, private gardens and temple gardens.

It is recorded in Collected Notes that "the first emperor started from the empty platform, and the treasures in all directions were poor, and bamboo in Yungang Plain was obtained". After Qin Shihuang unified China, he built the "Shanglin Garden" and introduced bamboo from Yungang, Shanxi Province to Xianyang. This is the earliest written record of gardening with bamboo in the history of China, which has a history of more than 2,200 years. With the rise of natural landscape gardens in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, a large number of bamboos were used in the plant landscaping of royal gardens and palace private gardens. Whether it is "bamboo and cypress are shaded by stones and embroidered in spring", the Royal Garden of Northern Wei Dynasty "Hualin Garden" or the private garden of Luoyang Mingmen "Peach, Plum, Summer Green, Bamboo, Cuibai and Holly", there are beautiful images of bamboo. In the Tang Dynasty, bamboo was named after Jinzhuling and Zhuliguan in other industries of Wang Weichuan. At that time, the atmosphere of "only planting bamboo in the land, leaving no family to raise geese" has been formed. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhou Mi once lamented that there were bamboos in Xing Wu House Garden. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, bamboo gardening reached its peak, and in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, bamboo gardening reached its peak, forming a major feature of Jiangnan gardens. Many gardens are named after bamboo. Yangzhou alone has Dragon Garden, Shuizhuju Garden and Xiao Ting Garden. There are many scenic spots named after bamboo, such as the Xuan of the Moon, the Bamboo Island in the Flower Pond, and the Zhulou Small Market. Among the existing classical gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, there are many examples of bamboo landscaping, such as "Bamboo Garden" in Master Wang's Garden, "Suirei Point" in Canglang Pavilion and "Wu Bi" in Lingyuan. Geyuan in Yangzhou is because the owner loves bamboo and arranges plants with bamboo culture as the theme. Take bamboo as spring scenery, bamboo as summer scenery, bamboo as four seasons in autumn scenery, bamboo as winter scenery, and there are dense spots in secluded gardens everywhere, resulting in the artistic conception of "bamboo branches and stones are suitable, flowers and flowers are abandoned, and the flavor in snow is more exotic". Because of its connection with Zen Buddhism, bamboo is often used as a landscape in temple gardens. In the Buddhist scriptures, "green bamboo is always the dharma body." As the founders of Buddhism, Sakyamuni and Guanyin Bodhisattva, the most familiar Buddhists in China, deliberately chose a quiet and elegant bamboo garden to give lectures and do Dojo, which cannot be said to be a coincidence, indicating that bamboo, as a dharma body, has been deeply integrated into Buddhism in China. At present, the names of many bamboo species also have a strong Buddhist color, such as Guanyin bamboo, which has a kind posture, a Buddha's belly like Maitreya's belly, arhat bamboo like eighteen arhats at the base of bamboo poles, purple bamboo born in smoke, green bamboo squeezed out by monks, burnt Yushan bamboo in Guizhou, green bamboo in Sichuan, Shengyin bamboo in Junshan, Hunan and so on. Among the four famous Buddhist mountains in China, Putuo Mountain has "Purple Bamboo Forest", Jiuhua Mountain has "Minyuan Bamboo Sea" and Momeishan Wannian Temple has a cluster of bamboos. There is a bamboo path outside the National Assembly Temple in Tiantai Mountain. There are dense bamboo forests on both sides of Wulongsi Mountain Road in Sichuan, and there is a secluded bamboo path in Xiaofu Temple in Jiangsu. Beijing is located at the northernmost edge of bamboo distribution, but bamboo cultivation in temples is extremely common. Only "Chang 'an Hakka Dialect" and "A Brief Introduction to the Scenery of the Emperor" recorded nearly 20 places, among which Tanzhe Temple, Biyun Temple Shuiquan Courtyard, Wofo Temple and Longhua Temple won. Such as Tanzhe Temple, "There are also famous mountains surrounded by many bamboos", "Evergreen in winter and summer, pleasing people's hearts, and not reducing the interest of Jiangnan" ("Ming Unification of Places of Interest". Bamboo is mentioned in the list of Kangxi, Ganlongyou Temple and couplets, such as "Songzhu Spring", "underground flower diameter, beautiful bamboo forest with cool breeze". Another example is the water spring courtyard of Biyun Temple, which faces the lotus swamp. There is a bamboo forest in the south of the swamp, which is sparse and green, and the spring water flows out from the bamboo forest. The treasure under the rock is a house facing the bamboo forest. The description of the bamboo scenery of the reclining Buddha Temple in Jing Di Jing lue is even more incisive: "Guanyin Stone Pavilion, with bamboo on the south bank and streams on all sides, is difficult to swallow bamboo. At this time, there are acres of forests, bamboo shoots are still standing, bamboo powder is born during the festival, bamboo shoots are out of the forest, roots are out of the fence, and the sun is bigger than the mother. "

There are countless famous gardens with the theme of bamboo. Gardeners permeate and blend the poetic and picturesque meanings of bamboo, creating beautiful garden landscapes such as "seclusion in the bamboo", "moving bamboo as a window", "white wall bamboo shadow", "seclusion in the bamboo dock" and "bamboo and stone sketches", which bring aesthetic enjoyment to viewers. The aesthetic value of bamboo and its application in landscaping are discussed in classical garden books, such as Qunfangpu, Suiyuan and Yuanye.

3. The application of bamboo in modern garden landscaping

As a bamboo culture with a long history, China gardens have always been called "silent poems, three-dimensional paintings", which are loved by people in the East and West. The profound bamboo culture in China has greatly promoted the emergence and development of bamboo landscaping, which has made bamboo widely used in China gardens and become one of the characteristics of China gardens. Modern gardens should fully learn from some artistic techniques of bamboo landscaping in classical gardens, and skillfully use bamboo culture, which can play the role of finishing touch.

There are almost no gardens in China that don't use bamboo for landscaping, which shows the charm of bamboo. Bamboo can be integrated with natural landscape, which plays a significant role in the treatment of courtyard layout, garden space and surrounding environment of buildings, and it is easy to form an elegant and comfortable landscape, which is pleasing to the eye. Bamboo in landscaping mainly includes the following types:

3. 1 Give priority to bamboo and create a bamboo forest landscape.

Plant exotic and colorful bamboo species in important positions in the form of group planting and sticking planting to form an independent bamboo landscape, or form a beautiful bamboo landscape, accompanied by natural sounds. If you use tree species with stem colors, it will create a clean and elegant atmosphere, with the function of viewing and resting. With a wide courtyard, a bamboo forest landscape with a secluded bamboo path is created, with green bamboos, towering telephone poles and misty clouds. When you step into it, you will feel that the summer heat is gone forever, and you are afraid that the breeze on the moon will suddenly come, and you will have a deep, quiet and beautiful artistic conception. Bamboo forest landscape is also called "Bamboo Sea" because of its vastness. Bamboo sea can be scattered bamboo or clustered bamboo, with scattered bamboo as the majority. The landscape formed is vast and spectacular, and there is no lack of beautiful and elegant beauty, emitting a fragrance. For example, the bamboo sea in Moganshan, Zhejiang Province is full of bamboo, which is tall and straight, the wind is phoenix-tailed, and bamboo waves Wan Li. Very spectacular. Marshal Chen Yi once wrote a poem, "If you don't do it well, you will be repaired everywhere." It's like traveling with the creator, forgetting all the insults and feeling relaxed and happy. Apart from the Bamboo Sea in Moganshan, there are other famous bamboo scenic spots in China, such as Bamboo Sea in South Sichuan, Bamboo Sea in Minyuan, Bamboo Sea in Changning and Bamboo Sea in Yixing.

3.2 with architectural sketches, beautify the environment

Planting several green bamboo plants near pavilions, halls, buildings, pavilions and waterside pavilions can not only play the role of color harmony, but also set off the beauty of architecture, and at the same time make people feel the scene of "seeing bamboo every year and smelling the sound" that Bai Juyi said. In the corners of houses and walls, purple bamboos and square bamboos are arranged to form a delicate and beautiful landscape with rich layers and lively shapes. At the same time, it also blocks and covers some defects in architectural composition, making the environment more elegant. Next to the pavilion, with bamboo as the foil, three stalagmites and several purple bamboo poles are full of vitality and interest. Bamboo shadow is more like painting than painting, and a masterpiece with far-reaching artistic conception is constructed by choosing a powder wall as the background with rocks and combining poetry and painting. You can also put exquisite bamboo poles in front of the leaking window as a barrier to the leaking scene. Sublimate the natural beauty into artistic beauty, and make it "work at sunrise, work at moonlight, work in clear wind, work in clear rain, work in clear frost, and work with snow." It is an inheritance of the traditional techniques of classical gardens in China to apply this quasi-painting method to the walls, gates, corridors and corners of gardens.

3.3 Configuration of rocks and other plants

Rockery and Shi Jing are particularly interesting garden sketches. If bamboo is planted properly, it can increase the number of forest layers in the mountain, showing the natural trend and the beauty of the mountain. The combination of bamboo plants and other plant materials can not only create beautiful scenery, but also bring infinite poetry to the garden, forming a unique situation and artistic conception of China gardens. Bamboo landscape is dominated by green leaves except for a few colorful tree species such as Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens and some spotted and striped bamboo poles, which can form a quiet and elegant environment. But you can also decorate other flowers and colorful plants in a specific space, such as spring flowers, autumn fruits, red leaves and other plants planted in bamboo forests, which are gorgeous and pleasing to the eye and quite distinctive. For example, the co-planting of bamboo and peach forms the artistic conception of "peach blossoms outside the bamboo are three or two skills, and ducks in the riverside are prophets". Chun Zhu and peach blossoms not only bring strong spring, but also have beautiful color effects. Or use a few stalagmites looming in a few bamboo shoots and plant a few green osmanthus flowers to symbolize the eternity of spring. In addition, with bamboo as the background, orchids and cold chrysanthemums as the ground, and several plum blossoms dotted among them against the background of plants, a landscape is formed, which not only highlights the theme of "Four Gentlemen", but also brings beauty to the bleak winter. You can also plant pine, bamboo and plum in the winter when the frost and snow stand proudly, which is called "three friends in cold years".

3.4 Characteristic bamboo gardens with bamboo as the garden and bamboo as the scenery.

The special bamboo garden mainly collects all kinds of bamboo plants as a special layout, and chooses and matches them in terms of color, variety and rod shape to create an elegant and quiet atmosphere. It has the functions of viewing and popular science education, and mainly focuses on bamboo parks.

Bamboo Park is a bamboo garden for tourists to enjoy with its bamboo scenery and bamboo species. It mainly uses modern landscaping techniques, scientifically organizes and watches the formal beauty elements of bamboo species, combines the necessary human landscape, creates a far-reaching garden artistic conception, fully displays the external beauty and internal quality of bamboo, integrates natural landscape and human landscape, and provides pleasing leisure and entertainment space for urban residents. Contemporary gardens, such as Wangjiang Park in Chengdu, Anji Park in Zhejiang and Zizhuyuan in Beijing, are all specialized bamboo gardens with unique bamboo scenery, which show more opportunities of bamboo shade, bamboo sound, bamboo rhyme, bamboo shadow and bamboo interest, and win with a variety of bamboos. Wangjiang tower park, Chengdu, Sichuan covers an area of nearly 65438±0.2 hm2, and there are more than 65,438 0.40 kinds of bamboos widely planted in the park, mainly including Neosinocalamus affinis, Phyllostachys pubescens, Maple Leaf and Guanyin Tree. All kinds of bamboos in the park are patchy, clustered and patchy, forming a picturesque landscape feature. Zhejiang Anji Bamboo Seed Orchard is the largest comprehensive bamboo seed orchard with complete varieties of scattered bamboo and miscellaneous bamboo in the world, with a total area of 40 hm2 and more than 300 bamboo species. Known as the Bamboo Grand View Garden, there are precious bamboo species such as Phyllostachys pubescens, Phyllostachys pubescens, Dendrocalamus latiflorus and Phyllostachys pubescens. It is a multifunctional bamboo park integrating teaching, scientific research, tourism and leisure. Beijing Zizhuyuan Park is also a bamboo park famous for its bamboo scenery. There are more than 0/00 species of cold-resistant bamboo planted in the park, and there are more than 20 bamboo scenic spots, which are called "the first bamboo garden in North China".

3.5 Concentrate natural bamboo bonsai landscape

Bamboo bonsai is a garden art that concentrates the beautiful scenery of bamboo in a pot. Bamboo pots were cut in the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and bamboo bonsai had been widely spread in the Ming Dynasty. According to the Textual Research on Tulong, the "three friends" bonsai of pine, bamboo and plum is "the best in bonsai". Bamboo bonsai in Qing dynasty reached a high level in artistic conception description and plastic arts, and bamboo bonsai became the hard exploration and deliberate pursuit of aesthetic art by bonsai artists. Modern bamboo bonsai can be divided into "all bamboo bonsai" and "bamboo stone bonsai". Generally speaking, bamboo species with strange shapes and small bodies are ideal bonsai materials, such as graceful Guanyin bamboo, slender and simple bitter bamboo, exotic arhat bamboo, pink bamboo, square bamboo with unique culm shape, tortoise shell bamboo and so on. They can be planted in a single forest, or they can be made into landscapes with other materials. If you add strange stones, natural dust of bamboo and rugged rocks, you will form a bamboo and stone bonsai that combines rigidity and flexibility. If pine, bamboo and plum are planted, the pine is tall and green, the plum ice muscle is jade bone, and the bamboo is modest and restrained, forming a picture of "three friends and old cold". Zhou Shoujuan, a famous bonsai master in China, wrote interesting pictures of bamboo, pictures of seven sages of bamboo forest and pictures of dead wood and carnation, which perfectly reflected the taste and style of bamboo and became the best of bamboo bonsai. Yangzhou Dongpo Heritage, Cuiye Map, Xiaoxiang Flowing Water, Bamboo Forest Seclusion, Chengdu Bamboo Forest Deep, etc. Are outstanding representatives of bamboo bonsai.

4. Summary

There are bamboos in the garden, which flourish because of the garden, and the garden is in full bloom because of the bamboo; Make a landscape with bamboo, bamboo is born because of the scenery, and the garden is obvious because of the scenery. Gardening with bamboo, whether it is to spread the painting significance of bamboo shadow, or to use bamboo to make scenery, borrow scenery and block scenery, or to use bamboo to point painting, erect scenery and move scenery, can form picturesque scenery with different styles. China is rich in bamboo resources and profound bamboo culture. As long as we make rational use of bamboo culture according to local conditions and skillfully apply it to modern gardens, we can create poetic garden landscapes and give people beautiful enjoyment. Bamboo has ecological functions such as purifying air and regulating climate, in addition to configuring garden attractions and deepening garden artistic conception. With the deepening of people's research, the function of bamboo will be re-evaluated, and the relationship between bamboo and human beings will be closer and deeper.