Group city planning

Urban planning is a comprehensive arrangement and concrete arrangement for urban economic and social development and construction, the basis and means for the government to regulate and guide the healthy and orderly development of the city, and an extremely important work related to the short-term and long-term development planning of the city. The planning of group cities should be combined with reality, based on characteristics, and focus on giving full play to advantages and disadvantages. At present, we should focus on solving the following problems: the traditional urban planning system has two levels: master planning and detailed planning. For group cities, the traditional master plan is too detailed and all-encompassing, and the preparation and approval period is long; The legal effect of detailed planning is poor, which can not meet the needs of urban construction and urban planning management under the condition of market economy. According to the characteristics of group cities, a four-level planning system including overall urban planning, group planning, statutory plans and detailed blueprints should be established.

(1) Urban master plan. This is a strategic plan for urban development, which should be strategic, long-term, holistic and structural. Focus on the structural system of towns and villages, the ecological environment system and the mechanism and direction of urban development, adopt policies, determine the nature and scale of cities and the functions and scales of central cities at all levels, deploy the city's infrastructure, delimit the protection scope of various resources, coordinate the land use structure and spatial structure of cities and villages, and coordinate the relationship between the whole city and the regional environment. This level of planning is related to the control and development of national and provincial resources, and determines the development form and direction of the region. Need to be incorporated into the national and provincial macro-control and submitted for approval according to the prescribed procedures.

(2) Group planning. Focus on solving the problem of how to develop within each group under the guidance of the overall urban planning. The main content is to locate and control according to the development conditions, level and overall planning of each group; Determine the development direction and layout of each group; The implementation of the overall planning of the city's infrastructure; Arrange the infrastructure within the group; Determine the capacity of various infrastructures; Deploy various networks, urban verticals and rivers and lakes; Coordinate the relationship between various groups and groups in big cities, and pay special attention to the coordination between various infrastructures. Although this level of planning belongs to macro planning, it is under the control of the overall urban planning. Group planning is organized and coordinated by the municipal government, organized and compiled by the group, and implemented after being examined and approved by the Municipal People's Congress.

(3) Statutory plans. The arrangement of urban land and space resources and the comprehensive deployment of various constructions in urban planning are realized through the planning and management of a large number of construction projects. Under the condition of market economy, the government is the representative of public interests, and there needs to be a plan between the government and all stakeholders in the city to achieve justice, openness and fairness. This plan, which is jointly observed by the government and all stakeholders in the city, must be statutory, that is, statutory planning. Shenzhen has conducted in-depth research and successful practice on this level of planning.

(4) Detailed blueprint. Mainly under the control of statutory plans, the control principles and guiding schemes put forward for specific sections are the specific basis for planning and management. Whether the cluster city structure is reasonable or not directly affects its healthy and orderly development and the overall development of the region. The decentralized layout and competitive development of urban areas in group cities will easily lead to the long-term balanced development of urban areas, making its central urban areas not prominent and structurally poor. Therefore, it is very important for group cities to build a reasonable urban structure.

(1) In the planning of the spatial layout structure of the urban system, we should strengthen the centripetal force of the urban agglomeration, weaken the centrifugal force of the urban agglomeration, highlight the position of the central city (that is, the core), and ensure the overall coordinated development of the urban agglomeration. Necessary adjustment measures should be taken for individual towns that affect the overall effect of urban agglomeration. For example, Huantai County, under the jurisdiction of Zibo City, is located in the north of Zibo City (Zhangdian District). Now the urban form of Zibo City is a T-shaped eccentric structure, which is not conducive to the overall effect of the city. If Huantai County is divided into Huantai District, the urban form of Zibo will be a "cross" centripetal structure, which is beneficial to the overall effect of the city.

(2) To build a pyramid-shaped town scale structure, small towns should be merged with neighboring towns with superior location.

(3) In terms of development policies, we should highlight the status of central cities, conform to the objective law of "balanced development → polarized development → stimulating development", and adopt corresponding urban development strategies according to the development stages of cities. In the past, Zibo implemented a long-term balanced development policy, which promoted the development of all urban areas. But the balanced development policy will inevitably weaken the agglomeration effect and market competitiveness of the city as a mega-city with a population of one million. Therefore, Zibo adjusted its urban development strategy in time. 1997 made a decision to speed up the construction of the central city (Zhangdian district) and promote the coordinated development of the whole city, and put this decision into the overall planning and practical work. It is planned that the urban population of Zhangdian District will reach 520,000 by 20 10, and it will also enter the threshold of big cities on an individual basis. By strengthening the status of a central city, we will promote the comprehensive and coordinated development of urban economy and society. Inter-city area is an important zone of group cities, including the urban-rural junction around each urban area and the belt-shaped area along the traffic trunk road connecting each urban area. The urban areas of cluster cities are distributed at intervals. This spatial layout of cities can easily lead to the orderly development of local cities (urban areas) and the disorderly development of most cities (inter-cities), which leads to the deterioration of urban ecological environment and makes it difficult to achieve urban development goals. This disorder of urban development is mainly due to the following reasons:

(1) Compared with the urban area, intercity has a large scope and a long front. However, affected by the urban area, the economy in this area is developing rapidly, construction activities are frequent, and planning and management tasks are heavy and difficult.

(2) Urban areas are generally developed areas for township enterprises and individual and private enterprises. In order to seek their own development, these enterprises scramble to occupy favorable positions and blindly expand their construction, resulting in scattered, chaotic and chaotic layout.

(3) There are traffic trunk roads between urban areas, and both sides of these trunk roads can easily become shops for township enterprises and individual and private enterprises to distribute their products, which leads to the low-grade construction of "one layer of skin" on both sides of the trunk roads between urban areas and visually blocks the organic connection between urban areas and rural fields.

While strictly planning and managing urban areas, the administrative department in charge of group city planning must strengthen the planning and management of areas between urban areas, reasonably guide the development of township enterprises and the construction of villages and towns, control the trend of disorderly spread of urban areas, stop the "one-story" low-grade construction on both sides of roads between urban areas, protect the green space and pastoral scenery between urban areas, and make the whole city in a good ecological environment. Market economy is a legal economy, and urban planning management must be implemented according to law, and a planning legal system adapted to market economy should be established and improved.

① Improve the urban planning laws and regulations system based on the Urban Planning Law as soon as possible, which is compatible with national laws, administrative regulations, local regulations and technical specifications. The current "Urban Planning Law" was formulated under the background of planned economy system, and many aspects have not adapted to the changed situation and the needs of market economy development, so it should be revised, supplemented and improved as soon as possible.

② Reform the urban planning system and strengthen the legal status of planning.

(3) Further strengthen the law enforcement of urban planning, strengthen the supervision and inspection of urban planning, and establish a full-time planning law enforcement and supervision team, so as to ensure that there are laws to follow, law enforcement must be strict, and offenders will be prosecuted, so as to ensure that all urban construction is carried out in accordance with urban planning. The operating principle of market economy is openness, justice and fairness, which requires openness and democratization of management. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a democratic supervision system and a public participation system, and this system will run through all aspects of planning, approval and implementation. The establishment and implementation of this system is conducive to improving the quality of planning, enhancing citizens' awareness of urban planning and implementing urban planning. In this regard, the Zibo Municipal Planning Bureau has made a useful attempt:

(1) The planning system shall be implemented, and the planning scheme shall be announced to the public as soon as it is approved.

② Hire some NPC representatives and CPPCC members as law enforcement supervisors of urban planning.

(3) Set up special columns on urban planning in news media such as municipal radio stations, TV stations and party newspapers.

(4) Issuing a new round of publicity materials for urban master planning.

⑤ Implement the system of director's visit to Japan. By adopting the above-mentioned series of systems and measures, the democratization and openness of planning management have been greatly enhanced and good results have been achieved.

Mountford said: "What really affects urban planning is social change". At present, China's political system reform and economic system reform are gradually deepening, and the promotion of reform will certainly bring opportunities and challenges to urban planning and its management. Urban planning departments should seize the opportunity to guide, standardize and promote the healthy and coordinated development of urban construction and regional economy and society through solid and effective work.