Shout after each chapter.

In the preface of Scream, the author reviews his own life experience, reflecting the process of the author's ideological development and his purpose and attitude in literary and artistic activities. At the same time, it also explains the origin and naming reasons of these novels. The author praised literature and art as a weapon to change the national spirit from learning Westernization, studying medicine and taking the road of saving the country scientifically, and showed the development of his patriotic thought and the mental process of seeking the road of saving the country and the people. This article is of great reference value for understanding the author's life, thoughts and the connotation and implication of this novel. In writing, this preface is fresh and refined, thorough and smooth, shocking and fascinating, which makes people want to stop. Its language style is full of Lu Xun's unique personality and has strong artistic charm.

1) Introduction to Medicine:

Lao Shuan's son got tuberculosis, which was an incurable disease at that time. At that time, people circulated that human blood steamed bread could cure diseases, so Lao Shuan spent a lot of money to buy blood steamed bread dyed when the ruling party (* * * production party) beheaded, and steamed it back for Xiao Shuan to eat. Unfortunately, his efforts only played a comforting role, and Xiao Shuan eventually died. Next to his grave are the beheaded revolutionaries.

Medicine is a metaphor. The important task of saving the country, in Lu Xun's view, is by no means up to the revolution launched by the petty bourgeoisie. Because of their inherent defect of being divorced from workers and peasants, they are always in a weak position in the comparison of state power. Those who are sincere and enthusiastic about saving the country at the cost of their lives will not get the understanding of ordinary people, let alone the support of most people, and eventually die for their country and be beheaded, but their blood is taken as superstitious drugs for treating tuberculosis by unconscious people.

The bright line of medicine is to describe the ignorance of the public; Its hidden line praised the revolutionary's dedication. Using human blood steamed bread to connect the two clues of light and darkness highlights the ignorance of the masses, but also makes the dedicated revolutionaries feel an unbearable sadness and loneliness. What the author reveals is not Yu Xia's mistakes and shortcomings, but the weakness of the masses. Moreover, this weakness is not generally exposed, but is more deeply exposed in connection with revolution and revolutionaries. It is true that Yu Xia is lonely and sad, but the author does not analyze the subjective reasons for his loneliness and sadness, such as "being divorced from the masses", but focuses on revealing the objective reasons for this sadness and loneliness. When analyzing the objective reasons, the author does not focus on revealing the cruelty and cunning of the reactionary rulers, but on depicting the numbness and ignorance of the masses. In other words, revolutionaries are sad and lonely because they have deeply tasted the ignorance and numbness of the masses.

Lu Xun once talked about this work with his friends. He said: "medicine describes the ignorance of the masses and the sorrow of revolutionaries;" Or the sorrow of revolutionaries because of the ignorance of the masses; To put it more bluntly, revolutionaries sacrificed their lives for the ignorant masses. The masses don't know who this sacrifice is for, but because of their own ignorance, they think that this sacrifice can be enjoyed ... "We think this passage of Lu Xun has clearly explained what his central idea is. If it is necessary to make a summary, the theme of Medicine is: the masses are still ignorant, they urgently need revolution, but they are not conscious and even hostile to revolution. To make a revolution, we must use scientific and democratic ideas to liberate them from the long-term rule of Confucius and Mencius and feudal superstitions. Otherwise, the revolution has no hope of success.

2) The outline of Diary of a Madman:

Diary of a Madman has forty sections, and the content is very simple. It was written by a young man when he was mentally ill. This is China's first vernacular novel and the first chapter of Scream.

This novel describes the psychological activities of a persecutor, integrates his feelings about life with his psychological hallucinations, and "exposes the drawbacks of family system and ethics" in a self-narrative way.

"Madman" was born in a feudal scholar-bureaucrat family and was bound and oppressed by the feudal system and feudal ethics, which caused social terror. He believes that this is a "cannibal" world and the feudal system is a "cannibal" society. He looked through history in the middle of the night and saw that the book was full of the word "cannibalism". He issued a brave challenge to the cannibal society, believing that the future society will not tolerate cannibalism, and shouted the voice of "save the children". The novel reveals the essence of "cannibalism" of feudal ethics under the cover of benevolence and morality, and is known as "the first spring thunder against feudal system completely"

Diary of a Madman was written in April 19 18. It is the first vernacular novel written by Lu Xun, and the first excellent work of modern new literature in China.

According to Lu Xun, the theme of Diary of a Madman is "intended to expose the evil of family system and ethics". What are the disadvantages? It is "cannibalism". Based on his long-term and profound observation of semi-feudal and semi-colonial old China, Lu Xun issued a loud cry: feudalism eats people!

Lu Xun once said that Diary of a Madman "shows the achievements of the literary revolution", and it "excited the hearts of some young readers with its profound expression and special format". Indeed, Diary of a Madman is a milestone in the history of modern literature in China, which initiated the revolutionary realism tradition of China's new literature.

3) The outline of duck comedy:

The Duck's Comedy is a novel with documentary color. The author had contact with the Russian blind poet B·R·Epomehk in Beijing, and this article was written according to this contact. The structure of the work is simple and clear, but the content is rich and profound. B·R·Epomehk, the hero portrayed by the author, is full of love for the world, which has a broad trend. He loves all living things, a vibrant life and a happy world, but the world is not satisfactory. Through the comedy of ducks, that is, the tragedy of tadpoles, the author reminds us of the social phenomenon reflected by the life phenomenon of survival competition and the law of the jungle, and euphemistically expresses the idea that people can't love everything, and only by resisting rape can they protect the weak. This article has the characteristics of prose culture in writing, and the plot is not strong, but the language is simple, cordial, elegant and unique.

B·R·Epomehk lives in Beijing. He felt bored and lonely, so he asked someone to buy some tadpoles. When they grew up, they could hear the symphony of "Frog croak". When he learned from the children that "they had feet", "he smiled happily."

However, he bought four ducklings. They were "really cute and covered with yellow flowers". Ducks are cute, but when they swim, their throats "eat" tadpoles in B·R·Epomehk. The "frog symphony" that haunted him was shattered. Afterwards, he left the desert-like Beijing with regret.

The article is not long, but Mr. Lu Xun's rhetoric between the lines is very incisive. He compared Beijing to a "desert", which reflected the quiet and dry characteristics of Beijing. The duckling image written by Lu Xun in this article, although only one or two sentences, is very vivid and vividly reflects the cute appearance of the duckling.

The last two paragraphs of the article always feel a bit bleak: the scenery is there, but the people are gone. It's a pity that no one appreciates such a lovely and beautiful scenery. Is it a pity?

4) The story outline of Dragon Boat Festival

The Dragon Boat Festival depicts an old intellectual who is superficial and backward in his bones. The square string is "the representative of these people, who stick to the rules, don't like new things, and always like to think about problems with the past world."

Judging from his status, he is not only in colleges and universities, but also in officialdom, and he is a small official of the government. As an intellectual and a bureaucrat, his words and deeds are full of contradictions, and the incident of "asking for salary" made him in a dilemma and lost face.

Judging from his cultural role, he seems to be a new school of literati, holding a trial collection every day. However, his heart is shallow and vulgar. At home, he is a "parent" waiting for food. In society, he is a spectator who stands by and waits for change. He is an old-school scholar in new clothes.

Lu Xun adopted a relaxed and humorous satirical style in this novel. By describing Fang Xuanzhuo's behavior, language and psychology, he created an image of an old intellectual who was superficial and backward in his bones. In the tradition of China, Qu Yuan is the representative of advanced intellectuals, and the Dragon Boat Festival commemorates the poet Qu Yuan. Taking the Dragon Boat Festival as the theme further satirizes the shallowness and philistinism of the protagonist.

5) The outline of hometown

Hometown was written in 192 1, in which the plot and main characters were mostly drawn from real life. It profoundly summarizes the history of rural economic depression and increasing poverty of farmers in China in the 30 years before 192 1, especially in the 10 years after the Revolution of 1911, which reflects the social outlook of that era.

In the novel, Lu Xun mainly shows two aspects. On the one hand, it reflects the objective reality. By comparing the hometown in memory with the hometown witnessed by reality, the work reveals the sufferings caused by imperialist aggression and feudal oppression, and reflects the reality of rural bankruptcy and farmers' painful life before and after the Revolution of 1911. On the other hand, it embodies the significance of Lu Xun's exploration of "human nature". The work profoundly points out that due to the influence of traditional concepts in feudal society, the working people are greatly bound in spirit, and the high walls built by ancient teachings separate people from each other. It highlights Lu Xun's salvation of "national character".

In my hometown, there are well-known images of young people and middle-aged people. Young leap soil is lively and lovely, smart and capable, while middle-aged leap soil is numb and cringe, which reflects the profound influence of traditional concepts on people. The image of Yang Er, a beancurd beauty, has changed from a beautiful woman to a vulgar, selfish and despicable person. This is not only the author's deep thinking about the reality of rural life in China at that time, but also his dissatisfaction with the history and culture of China ruling farmers.

6) The outline of Kong Yiji.

Kong Yiji was a lower-class intellectual in the late Qing Dynasty. He studied hard for half his life, was keen on the imperial examination and was bent on climbing up. He spent years in the "Four Books" and "Five Classics" and fell into the situation of begging. He refused to take off his dirty and tattered robe, which symbolized his academic status. Even when others made fun of him, he repeatedly showed pretentious and narcissistic arrogance. Only when people touch the scars deep in his soul: "Why can't you even get half a scholar?" Whether he became uneasy at once. Under the influence of long-term feudal education, he developed the habit of laziness and could not make a living, just like a general scholar-bureaucrat who was "four-body and not diligent" and "regardless of grain". In order to make a living, it is inevitable to do some stealing occasionally. Even in the tragic situation of broken leg, he will slowly walk to the hotel to drink with his hands. Faced with such a cold reality, Kong Yiji can drag out an ignoble existence by deception and self-deception. He also used other people's incomprehensible words to cover up his ugliness, show his knowledge, and defend his "dignity" with the lie that his leg was "broken". The feudal imperial examination system mercilessly destroyed his body and soul, but he was insensitive and never understood the reason why he was poor and down for life. This is the saddest part of his character. The author depicts Kong Yiji's thought and character with ruthless and sarcastic brushstrokes, and points his criticism at feudalism. However, when the author criticized his feudal consciousness, he also showed some sympathy, especially when he wrote that he taught me to read, gave fennel beans to children, never defaulted, and repeatedly showed his kindness, thus arousing readers' resentment against the feudal system that persecuted him.

7) Outline of The True Story of Ah Q

The True Story of Ah Q takes Weizhuang, a remote and backward rural town before and after the Revolution of 1911, as the background, and depicts a typical image of a farmer who has suffered serious material and spiritual injuries. Ah Q is a destitute person who has no tile on the top and no field on the bottom. He has no home and lives in Tugu Temple. I don't have a regular job. "Cutting wheat, chopping rice and punting boats." Judging from the living conditions of Ah Q, he was severely exploited. He lost his land and the foundation of independent life, and even lost his surname. Once he drank two glasses of yellow rice wine and said that he was originally from Grandpa Zhao's family. Grandpa Zhao stopped him and gave him a mouth, forbidding him to be surnamed Zhao. Ah Q's real situation is tragic, but he is always superior in spirit. The two chapters of the novel "Victory" focus on describing Ah Q's personality characteristics. He often boasted about the past: "We used to have much more money than you! What are you! " In fact, he is a little confused about his last name; It is often compared with the future: "My son will be much richer!" "In fact, he doesn't even have a wife; He is jealous of the scar on his head and thinks that others are "unworthy"; Being defeated by others, I thought, "I was finally defeated by my son, and the world is really disgraceful now ..." So he won; When others asked him to admit that "people beat animals", he admitted contemptuously, "How about beating insects?" But it immediately occurred to him that he was the first person who could belittle himself. Except "belittle yourself", everything else is "first." Isn't the champion also the first? "So he won again. When all kinds of "spiritual victory laws" could not be applied, he punched two mouths in his face. Later, he felt that he was beating himself, and the other party was beaten, so he was satisfied with the resort again. He sometimes bullies people who are in a position without charges. For example, after being beaten by a fake foreign devil, I went to rub the scalp of a little nun as my "meritorious service" and reveled in the appreciation and laughter of others. However, this accidental "meritorious service" is still only a spiritual victory, as sad as his self-contempt and self-explanation. Ah Q's "spiritual victory method" is actually just a means of self-anesthesia, which makes him unable to face up to his miserable situation of oppression. His "victory story" is nothing but a record of slave life full of blood, tears and shame.

The novel reveals the historical roots of class contradictions and "spiritual victory law" in semi-feudal and semi-colonial society, strongly criticizes the detachment from the masses and incompleteness of the Revolution of 1911, and expresses the author's ideological viewpoint of "transforming the national character".

8) Introduction of rabbits and cats

The novel Rabbit and Cat is fabled, and the author takes rabbits and cats as objects to express his love and hate. The author sympathizes with the newborn weak rabbit and hates the ferocity of the big black cat, which reflects the social phenomenon and further reflects the ferocity of the big black cat representing the dark forces and the author's hatred for it. With strong observation and vivid brushwork, the author vividly depicts the appearance, movements and demeanor of the white rabbit, and the language is vivid and accurate, which enhances the artistic charm of the work.

9) Outline of "Social Drama"

It is called "social drama". The novel does not directly describe the social drama I watched when I was a child, but at the beginning describes my two experiences in Beijing as an adult. Those two plays were not optimistic, reflecting the chaos, dullness, sophistication and filth of the society at that time, which was in sharp contrast with my natural and simple life in Pingqiao Village when I was young. There are two hometowns in Lu Xun's mind, one is the realistic hometown depicted in Hometown, and the other is the ideal hometown shown in social dramas. He often sets off the broken hometown in reality with the perfection of his ideal hometown. Social drama does not describe the sufferings of the countryside positively, but it eulogizes the ideal hometown and criticizes the reality. Social drama can be said to be a concrete description of the dream of hometown, which contains deep love for hometown. The beauty of hometown is most clearly reflected in the people who live in it, and the healthy growth of people is the best display of social progress. In the crowd, children are very important because they are the future of society. Lu Xun has been deeply concerned about children's growth, and shouted "Save Children" in Diary of a Madman. In Hometown, where he was extremely disappointed with his hometown, he also saw the beauty of his hometown from the boy's leap soil and the hope from the children. For future generations, Lu Xun's wish as an elder is to "carry the burden of tradition, carry the dark door and let them go to a broad and bright place;" After that, live happily and be a reasonable person. "

A brief introduction to the plot of The Tempest

Braid was once one of the symbols of the establishment and demise of the Qing Dynasty. In Lu Xun's eyes, it is also a symbol of the shackles of traditional culture and national spirit, and a sign of national revolution and crisis. By describing a braid storm in a water town in the south of the Yangtze River, this novel shows the real face of rural China after the Revolution of 1911, and reveals the national weakness of "no special exercises" without spiritual belief and pursuit.

The novel describes a braid storm caused by the 19 17 zhang xun restoration incident in a water town in the south of the Yangtze River, and shows the heavy atmosphere of closed, ignorant and conservative rural areas in China after the Revolution of 1911. The remnants of the imperial system are still ravaging farmers, who are still under the rule and control of feudal forces and ideas, exposing selfishness, misery, numbness and indifference caused by the lack of spiritual beliefs. The weakness of "no special exercise" in the state of blind obedience shows that the Revolution of 1911 did not bring real changes to the rural areas of China under feudal rule, and the future social revolution will be difficult to succeed if it cannot awaken the people.

1 1) The outline of the story of hair.

The story revolves around the issue of women's haircut and men's braiding. Through the repeated twists and turns caused by the hair problem, Lu Xun expressed his hatred of feudal stubborn conservative forces and his anger at the weak and incomplete old democratic revolution. Lu Xun conceived this novel with monologue as the main means, and narrated lyricism through it, and narrated it with the social image of braid. Fictional art is also used in the process of novel creation, and art is realized through fictional "falsehood"

12) tomorrow's outline

In Tomorrow, Sister Sans criticizes the harm of feudal patriarchal ideology to working women in China by showing the tragic fate of working women in China, and denounces the ignorant and unconscious mental state of working farmers in China, represented by Blue Skin Awu, while Lu Xun has a deep feeling of "mourning their misfortune and angering them".

Summary of white light

White Light depicts the image of lower-class intellectuals struggling under the shackles of feudal imperial examination system and feudal thought.

In "White Light", Chen Shicheng was bent on getting promoted and getting rich, but he came to the bottom 16 times in a row, which shattered his promotion path.

The dream of being an official aroused his desire to get rich. In the illusion, Silver flashed white light and turned him from left to right.

Home leads to the mountains. He was so worried about chasing white light that he drowned in the lake.

This article was deliberately written in a gloomy tone, aiming at criticizing the unreasonable examination system at that time and exposing the tragic fate of the losers.

14) the outline of a small matter

In a small matter, Mr. Lu Xun described an ordinary person as brilliant and great as an ordinary driver. The thing is this: One day, Mr. Lu Xun was in a hurry to drum the car to the S gate, but on the way, a rickshaw handlebar met an old woman in rags. At that time, Mr. Lu Xun didn't think she was hurt, so he waved the driver to walk faster, but the driver ignored Mr. Lu Xun completely. But "silly" ran over and helped the old woman up, asked her about her injury with concern, and then sent her to the police station for examination. At that time, Mr. Lu Xun looked at the back of the coachman and felt that he was no longer humble, but became great. Mr. Lu Xun felt so small and guilty.

A little thing is short and pithy, with profound content. While praising the noble qualities of the lower working people, it also reflects the self-reflection of intellectuals and shows a new idea of learning from the working people sincerely. It is unusual to have such an understanding during the May 4th Movement, which has far-reaching social significance.

Respondent: a 13867686659- 14 grade 2010-2-16: 30.

Diary of a Madman is Lu Xun's first vernacular novel and the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature. Published in May 19 18, the author adopted the pseudonym of Lu Xun for the first time. This article created the image of an anti-feudal warrior-"madman". Through the narration of a madman, the author reveals the history of China's civilization for thousands of years, which is essentially a history of eating people. The essence of feudal family system and feudal ethics in the cloak of "benevolence, righteousness and morality" is cannibalism. At the same time, the author issued a call to "save the children", calling on the people to wake up and overthrow the feudal system. With its distinctive anti-feudal ideology and strong artistic appeal, this article has aroused great repercussions in the ideological and cultural circles, thus laying a solid foundation for the whole China New Literature Movement. The artistic features of this article have had a wide influence in the New Culture Movement. The author's realistic description of the madman's paranoia, sensitivity and delusion accords with the pathological characteristics of the persecutor. And write the expression of madman's pun by symbolic means. The Madman gives a symbolic description of feudal forces, combining realism and symbolism seamlessly. This has produced a strong artistic appeal, followed by language personality. Diary of a Madman uses modern literary language. The author carefully conceived a "incoherent" madman. The language seems messy but sharp, which not only conforms to the characteristics of mental patients, but also expresses the voice of the oppressed. Personality language has successfully created a warrior image that looks like a madman but has symbolic significance.

Tomorrow is one of Lu Xun's novels that focus on reflecting the tragic fate of women. Through the description of the widow's loss of her only son, the work shows the shocking picture of China women's isolation and helplessness, and criticizes the phenomenon of cannibalism in the dark society and the ruthlessness and indifference of people in the declining society. The author's cold writing style shows his resentment towards the dark society. Exquisite and realistic art shows the skillful writing skills of the author. The washed simple pen vividly outlines a small town genre painting, but in the description of characters and dialogues, it is difficult to change a word, which is really a masterpiece.

A little thing is short and pithy, with profound content. The full text is only about 1000 words, and the work describes a small matter in daily life. While praising the noble qualities of the lower working people, it also reflects the self-reflection of intellectuals and shows a new idea of learning from the working people sincerely. It is unusual to have such an understanding during the May 4th Movement, which has far-reaching social significance. The writing characteristics of this paper are as follows: firstly, the different attitudes of coachman and "I" towards the same thing are compared by comparison, which reveals the selfishness of "I" and embodies the tall image of coachman who is aboveboard, daring to do and caring for others. The beauty of this contrast lies in highlighting the simplicity and selflessness of workers with indirect and implicit pen and ink. In the form of expression, this article is like a sketch, close to contemporary "short stories", short and pithy, fresh and meaningful; The plot is true and credible, and it has become one of the most widely acclaimed masterpieces in modern novels.

Kong Yiji created a typical image of a declining intellectual in feudal society. Kong Yiji, impoverished and pedantic, was finally swallowed up by the feudal society under the poison and destruction of the feudal imperial examination system. The author attacked the numbness of the national spirit and the indifference of society to the suffering people, and sharply condemned the decadent feudal imperial examination system. The artistic feature of this article lies in its rigorous structure. First, it explains the environment and atmosphere. Secondly, develop and introduce characters; Then there is the climax, which is the center of the novel-suggesting the ruthlessness of society. Novel management articles, works are unique. The second feature is to use profile description to shape characters. The work uses the first person "I"-what the hotel waiter saw and heard to write about Kong Yiji. His character description, dialogue and experience are all expressed through the general description of "I", so that the characters created in this way are true and credible, thus vividly depicting the characters. The language of the novel is also extremely concise. Many characters such as hotel shopkeepers, waiters, jackets, customers, children, etc. portrayed by the author are all sketched with a few concise strokes and lifelike. When Kong Yiji finally defended his unreliable innocence, the self-deceiving phrase "stealing books is not stealing" made the image of intellectuals in the old society pretentious, pedantic and amazing!

"Medicine" is based on 1907 Qiu Jin Uprising, a hero of the democratic revolution, and is formed through artistic processing and typical shaping. The novel describes an old democratic revolution, in which the revolutionary's blood sacrifice is not understood, and his own blood is made into human blood steamed bread to treat consumption, and makes a thought-provoking analysis of the historical reasons for the unsuccessful revolution. This paper adopts an original double-line structure. A clue writes that Hua Laoshuan treats his son; Hua Laoshuan buys human blood steamed bread, Hua Xiaoshuan eats human blood steamed bread, and Hua Aunt goes to the grave; Clues to Yu Xia's revolutionary activities and sacrifices. The two tragedies are intertwined to form a tragic picture. The author's meticulous conception is highlighted by using special thinking and suggestive writing skills. Using the two symbolic surnames of "Hua" and "Xia" as synonymous with bleeding and eating blood, its strong and far-reaching significance is extremely rich and profound. In fact, the whole article only wrote the opposite of the sacrifice of a revolutionary, and reflected the tragic of the revolutionary through the impression and reflection of a group of unconscious people. Yu Xia's murder was not clearly written, but implied from the action description of onlookers; The place where he was killed was also clearly pointed out to be the pavilion in Gu Xuan, which was a hint provided by Gu Xuanting, a Shaoxing woman who was killed in Qiu Jin. The stupid reaction of prisoners and listeners reflects his spirit of death; The wreath on his grave implies that their comrades are still fighting. At the end of the novel, the tomb is compared to the steamed bread for the birthday of the rich, which is more profound and alarming. The whole novel is shrouded in a thick and cold atmosphere, which is also the atmosphere that the author successfully created to highlight the characters and themes, so the story of eating people's blood is more shocking.

Of course, there are many such articles in the book Scream. Mr. Lu Xun wrote these articles to make the people of China awake after reading them. With humorous and sarcastic language, angry and encouraging tone, Mr. Lu Xun inspired China people who were half asleep and half awake at that time, and explained the darkness of society at that time with critical language, showing Mr. Lu Xun's earnest hope for the sleeping dragon China to wake up as soon as possible and rebuild China!