Who can introduce me to Germany O(∩_∩)O? Thank you.

Germany scenery Germany is located in the west of Europe, bordering Poland and Czech Republic in the east, Austria and Switzerland in the south, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France in the west, and the Nordic countries Denmark and the North Sea and Baltic Sea across the sea in the north. The national system of government is parliamentary system. The president of the Federation is the head of state. The federal government consists of the Federal Chancellor and several federal ministers, with the Federal Chancellor as the head of government. Germany is the fourth largest economy in the world. Highly developed industrial countries rank first in Europe in terms of economic strength. 199010/0.3, Germany, which had been divided for 4 1 year since the cold war, was reunified, so this day was determined as Germany's national day.

English name: Federal Republic of Germany

English name: Germany

Abbreviation: Germany

Mainland: Europe

Capital: Berlin

Major cities: Berlin, Bonn

National Day:199065438+1October 3rd.

National anthem: the song of Germany

Official language: German

Currency: Euro

Time zone:+1 time zone

Political system: federalism

State leader: Christian Wilhelm Walter Wulff.

Population: 82 1 10000(2008)

Population density: 23 1 person/km2.

Main ethnic group: Germans.

Main religions: Christianity, Protestantism and Catholicism.

Land area: 357,022 square kilometers

Gross domestic product: US$ 2,897 billion (2006)

Per capita GDP: USD 39,765,438.

International domain abbreviation:. (added before the verb) means "negative" and "opposite"; (added before nouns to form verbs) means "get rid of", "get rid of"

Road traffic: keep to the right.

Directory [hidden]

basic document

Physical geographical location

Map of Germany

Historical evolution ancient history

modern history

modern history

East-west Berlin problem

political system

administrative division

General situation of economy

Military elements

cultural education

Scenic spot tourism

Historical Celebrities Top Ten Celebrities in Germany

Other celebrities

diplomatic policy

Sports cause

food culture

Oktoberfest German sauerkraut white meat

Germany mantou

Full-bodied white beer

Special pickled cucumber

Hao Shuang apple pie

Traditional costumes of Oktoberfest in Munich

Etiquette, custom, discipline and neatness

Punctuality likes silence.

basic document

Physical geographical location

Map of Germany

Historical evolution ancient history

modern history

modern history

East-west Berlin problem

political system

administrative division

General situation of economy

Military elements

cultural education

Famous historical figures in scenic spots and tourism

German Foreign Policy, Sports, Diet, Culture, Top Ten Celebrities in Oktoberfest

German-style Chinese sauerkraut and white meat German-style steamed bread is mellow and full of white beer. The secret of pickled cucumber is boldness and apple pie. Traditional dress etiquette and Customs of Oktoberfest in Munich

Be disciplined, neat, punctual and quiet.

[Edit this paragraph] Basic information

[Germany] Die Bundesrepublik Deutschland [France] Allemagne Interpretation: "People's country" Germanic and Teutonic in Chinese come from Germany and Teutonic in English. This term probably began in 90 BC and refers to people who migrated from southern Scandinavia to Central Europe. "Germany" is the language used by these tribes, which eventually evolved into the name of the German nationality's residence, and derived from it into "German Empire" and "Germany". The word "Germany" is a transliteration of Chinese. The original German is Deutschland, which means "people's country" and "people's land" in ancient German. National Day: 65438+10.3 (1990 German Unification Day) Memorial Day for Nazi Victims: 65438+10.27 (Memorial Day for Auschwitz, Poland, 1996, 65438+/KLOC-) 65438+1October 27th; Easter: the first Sunday after the full moon at the vernal equinox every year (March 2 1 to April 25); Labor Day: May1; Christmas: 65438+February 25th. Central Bank: the symbol of German unification of the Bundesbank: 187 1 year: Brandenburg Gate, located at the intersection of Bodhi Street and June Street 17 in the center of Berlin, is a famous tourist attraction in the center of Berlin and a symbol of German unification. National dignitaries: the Federal President is Christian Wilhelm Walter Wulff, who was elected on June 30, 20 10; On June 5438+10/October 65438+August 2005, Norbert Lamert, Speaker of the German Bundestag, was elected; Federal Chancellor Angela Merkel took office in June 2005 +065438+ 10 and was re-elected on September 27, 2009; Guido guido westerwelle, Federal Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Foreign Affairs, took office on June 28th, 2009. Note: Anyone who uses Nazi symbols in Germany can be sentenced to a maximum of three years' imprisonment. Currency: Mark Euro Flag The German flag is a horizontal rectangle with an aspect ratio of 5: 3. From top to bottom, it is composed of three parallel and equal horizontal rectangles of black, red and gold (yellow). There are different opinions on the origin of tricolor flag, which can be traced back to the Roman Empire in the first century. Later, in the German peasant war in the16th century and the German bourgeois democratic revolution in the17th century, tricolor flag representing a harmonious system also fluttered on German soil. After Napoleon, when a poet saw a volunteer student wearing a black cloak with red epaulettes and gold buttons, he sang, "Black symbolizes sympathy for the oppressed people, red symbolizes the mood of fighting for freedom, and gold symbolizes the brilliance of ideals and truth." So he took the black, red and yellow flags as the national flag to unify Germany. After many reorganizations. 1949, the German Federation was founded, and the tricolor flag was still the national flag. 19 18 After the collapse of the German Empire, Weimar * * and China also adopted black, red and yellow flags as their national flags. 1949 In September, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded, and the tricolor flag of Weimar Republic was still adopted. In the same year, the German Democratic Republic, which was established in June+10, 65438, also adopted tricolor flag, but the national emblem pattern including hammer, gauge and wheat ear was added in the middle of the flag surface to show the difference. 19901010.3, the unified Germany still uses the flag of the German Federation. Tricolor flags can be hung in airports, hotels, banquets and other occasions. Federal government agencies and embassies abroad hang national flags with black hawk patterns. The national emblem of Germany is a golden coat of arms. On the shield is a black hawk with red claws, red mouth and spread wings. The black hawk symbolizes strength and courage. The German national emblem drawn up by 1950 is also a product of history. Its design is a khaki coat of arms with a unique black hawk on it. Its beak and claws are red. This design originated from the Hohenjinglun family in the12nd century, which once ruled Prussia and later became the German royal family. As early as the ninth century, eagles appeared on maps. It is said that this design was transmitted from the Roman Empire to Germany by the troops of King Charles I of Frank. The third paragraph of the national anthem "Song of Germany" was composed by August Heinrich and Hoffman von Farce Leben (1798- 1874) in 184 1 year, with the tune of "the father of symphony" Franz Joseph Haydn (65438+. 1922, to commemorate the third anniversary of the founding of Weimar Republic, friedrich ebert, the first president of Weimar Republic, upgraded Song of Germany to the national anthem. 1952, in a communication between Federal President Howes and Federal Chancellor Adenauer, this song was confirmed as the national anthem again. Federal President weizsacker and Federal Chancellor Kohl confirmed the traditional significance of "Song of Germany" to the unified Germany in their correspondence in August 199 1. Unity, legal rights and freedom are the motherland of Germany! For Germany! Let's strive for this goal. Danach lassuns allestreben is a brotherly heart and hand! Brude Ritchie and Hertz and Hand! Is the guarantee of happiness! This is my fault! Prosperity, prosperity, prosperity under the light of happiness, the German motherland! Bruch, German! National flower: cornflower, also known as blue hibiscus, litchi chrysanthemum and emerald blue, belongs to Compositae. After years of cultivation by Germans, this kind of "little flower on the yuan leaf" has many colors, such as light blue, blue purple, deep blue, deep purple, snow blue, pink, rose red, white and so on. The flower head is born at the top of the slender stem, like a beautiful girl, praying for happiness and joy towards the "light of life"-the sun. Centaurea is a famous flower in Germany. Germans use it to symbolize the patriotic, optimistic, tenacious and thrifty characteristics of the Germanic nation. They think it has auspicious omen, so it is called the "national flower". The national bird cornflower white stork is a famous ornamental rare bird. In Europe, since ancient times, storks have been regarded as "birds that bring happiness", symbols of good luck, "angels" sent by God, and special visitors of lucky people. After storks were selected as national birds, many German families built platforms on chimneys for them to build nests. National Stone: Amber, English name Amber, comes from Latin Ambrum, which means "essence". Some people say that it comes from Arabic Anbar, which means "gum", because the Spanish call Arabic gum and amber buried in the ground amber. In ancient China, amber was regarded as a "tiger spirit". National ball: handball population: as of March 3, 2009, the population of Germany was 8 1.9 million, which is the most populous country in the EU, mainly Germans, including about 42 million women. There are also some Danes, Sorbians, Frisian and Gypsies. There are 7.256 million foreigners, accounting for 8.8% of the total population, including 6.5438 million Turks. German is a common language. The age structure of the German population is 14% people are younger than 15 years old, and 20% people are over 65 years old. In Germany, the average life expectancy of men is 77 years and that of women is 82 years. On average, every German woman has 1.3 children. Religion: Nearly 53 million people believe in Christianity (26 million believe in Catholicism, 26 million believe in Protestantism and 900,000 are Orthodox Christians). In addition, there are 3.3 million Muslims, 230,000 Buddhists, 654.38 million Jews and 90,000 Hindus. [ 1]

[Edit this paragraph] Physical geography

geographical position

Germany is located in the west of Europe, bordering Poland and Czech Republic in the east, Austria and Switzerland in the south, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg and France in the west, Denmark and Nordic countries across the sea in the north, and close to the North Sea and Baltic Sea. It is the country with the largest number of neighboring countries in Western Europe. The total length of the Rhine border is 3,758 kilometers, and it is 876 kilometers from Oberst-Dorf, Bavaria, at the southernmost end to Zit Island at the northernmost end. It is 640 kilometers from the eastern end of Worcester, Saxony to the western end of North Rhine-westfalen, Selconte. China has a total area of 357,020 square kilometers (65,438+February 2003). The terrain is low in the north and high in the south, which can be divided into four terrain areas: north german plain, with an average elevation of less than 100 meters; The mountainous area between China and Germany is composed of high blocks that strike east and west. The Rhine fault valley in the southwest is surrounded by steep valley-walled mountains; Bavarian Plateau and the southern Alps, in which zugspitze, the main peak of Bourne Alps, is 2963 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in China. The main rivers are the Rhine (which flows through the territory for 865 kilometers), Elbe River, Weser River, Oder River and Danube River. The larger lakes are Boden Lake, Kim Lake, Amor Lake and Leeds Lake. The maritime climate in the northwest is obvious, and the eastern and southern parts gradually transition to continental climate. The average temperature in July is 14 ~ 19℃, 1-5 ~ 1℃,12 ~ March is winter, and the Alps last until May, with an average of 20 degrees in summer. The annual precipitation is 500 ~ 1000 mm, which is more in mountainous areas. From 1995 to 1 in October, according to 1982 international agreement on the law of the sea, Germany's territorial waters in the North Sea and the East China Sea increased from 3 nautical miles to 12 nautical miles (about 22 kilometers), and their areas increased by 4102 respectively.

Map of Germany

Administrative division map of Berlin City Hall, Federal Republic of Germany;

[Edit this paragraph] Historical evolution

Germans live in BC. Tribes gradually formed in the 2nd-3rd century. The early feudal state of Germany was formed in the 10 century. /kloc-in the middle of 0/3rd century, it moved towards feudal regime. /kloc-At the beginning of the 8th century, Austria and Prussia rose. According to 18 15 Vienna Conference, the German Confederation was founded. 1848, revolutions broke out all over Germany. Prussia defeated Austria in the "Seven Weeks War" of 1866, and the North German Federation was established the following year. 18765. The empire started World War I in 19 14, and collapsed in 19 18 due to defeat. 191811Germany establishes Weimar Republic. 1933 Hitler came to power to implement dictatorship. 1939 Germany launched World War II,1May 8, 945 Germany was defeated and surrendered. After the war, according to the Yalta Agreement and the Potsdam Agreement, Germany was occupied by the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union respectively, and the Allied Control Committee of the four countries took over the supreme power of Germany. Berlin is also divided into four occupied areas. 1June, 948, the occupied areas of the United States, Britain and France merged. On May 23rd of the following year, the Federal Republic of Germany was established in the merged western occupied area. In the same year, 10 10 7, the German Democratic Republic was established in the eastern Soviet area. Since then, Germany has officially split into two sovereign States. As a geographical unit, Germany has been divided several times in history. The last split occurred in the late 1940s, when Germany was divided into two countries: East Germany (German Democratic Republic, GDR) and West Germany (German Federal Republic and German Federal Republic, FRG). And reunited on1October 31990 10.

ancient history

The emergence of the German nation is a process that has lasted for many centuries. It is generally believed that German history began in 9 19. This year, Herzogtum Von Sachsen and Henry I won the throne of the Eastern Frankish Kingdom and established the German Kingdom. After Henry I's son Otto I succeeded to the throne, in order to obtain the so-called imperial power endowed by God, in 962 AD, Pope John X was forced to crown him in Rome. He was called the "Emperor of Rome", and the German Kingdom was called the "Holy Roman Empire of the German nation" and the "First German Empire" in history. The Holy Roman Empire has never been a centralized and unified country. With the growing local feudal forces, the emperor's power has been declining, forming many countries. Germany was the first country to defeat the Roman Empire. In this divided empire, the two largest countries are Prussia and Austria.

modern history

17-18th century, all developed into great powers in the European continent at that time. /kloc-At the beginning of the 0/9th century, Napoleon occupied Germany and cancelled the title of Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire in Germany, and the nominally Holy Roman Empire ceased to exist. /kloc-In the second half of the 9th century, Prussia achieved the unification of Germany under the control of Prussia through three dynastic wars. 1864 After the war against Denmark, Prussia (Germany) and Austria forced Denmark to cede Schleswig-Holstein. 1866 In the war between Prussia and Austria, Austria was defeated and had to leave the German Confederation. After the disintegration of the German Confederation, it was replaced by the North German Confederation led by Prussia, including all the states north of the Main River. Prussia defeated France in the Franco-Prussian War that broke out in 1870. On June 65438+1October 18 of the following year, King William I of Prussia was crowned as the German Emperor in the Palace of Versailles, France, that is, the "Second Reich of Germany". This is the first real reunification of Germany. World War I broke out in 19 14, and ended with the defeat of Germany and the disintegration of the German Empire. The war also led to the first establishment of a federal Republic in Germany, known as the Weimar Republic in history. 193365438+1On October 30th, Hitler established a fascist dictatorship and declared the end of Weimar Republic. This fascist Germany ruled by Adolf Hitler is called the "German Third Reich". 1March 939, the fascist Germans entered Czechoslovakia; On September 1939 and 1 day, the Germans suddenly attacked Poland and launched the Second World War. This world war * * * involves 6/kloc-0 countries and regions, with more than 2 billion people involved and more than 90 million military and civilian casualties, which plunged the world into darkness. 1On May 8, 945, Germany signed the surrender.

modern history

Nazi Germany was defeated in World War II. According to the agreement reached by Britain, the United States, France and the Soviet Union at the Potsdam Conference, it was decided that Germany would be divided into four after the defeat and occupied by four victorious countries respectively, and the highest management unit, the Allied Control Committee (ACC), would be established to manage German affairs. However, due to the differences in ideas, the western camp dominated by the United States and the Soviet Union gradually alienated after the war. 1948 in March, the United States, Britain and France held a meeting in London and initially decided to merge the German territories under the jurisdiction of the three countries to form the West German regime. In this regard, the Soviet Union made a counter-measure, first withdrawing from ACC, and then announcing the establishment of the East German regime. However, the fuse that directly led to the separation of East and West Germany was1June 20, 948, the currency consolidation plan of the western occupied area. At that time, the currencies originally issued in the occupied areas of the three western countries were integrated, but the Soviet occupied areas were excluded and the so-called West German Mark was issued, and the Soviet occupied areas also issued the East German Mark in just three days, symbolizing the formal separation of East and West Germany. After the separation of East and West Germany, the East German side began to blockade the West Berlin area in the middle of 1948, which lasted for 1 1 month, hoping to achieve the goal of completely controlling the whole Berlin area through this move, but it was not realized with the support of Berlin air transport by western countries. On May 23rd, shortly after the Berlin blockade was lifted (1949 May 12), West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) was formally established. On the other hand, in the same year, East Germany also announced the formal establishment of the political system under socialism and German one-party dictatorship (SED). Compared with the areas occupied by Britain, the United States and France, West Germany joined the NATO led by the United States, while East Germany joined the Warsaw Pact, an oriental group led by the Soviet Union. 1989 Great changes have taken place in the situation of the GDR. In May of the same year, a large number of citizens left the Federal Republic of Germany. At the beginning of June 5438+ 10, demonstrations of different scales broke out in several cities, demanding relaxation of restrictions on overseas travel and new media. 10 10 18, East German President honecker announced his resignation. 165438+1On October 9th, the Berlin Wall was opened. 165438+1On October 28th, German Chancellor Kohl put forward a ten-point plan for the reunification of Germany and Germany. 14 From February 13 to 14, East German Chancellor Moderow visited the Federal Republic of Germany for the first time. On March 6, 2008, the East German People's Assembly held free elections. After Demezieres Reiss became Prime Minister, the pace of reunification between Germany and Germany was greatly accelerated. On May 18, Germany and Germany signed a national treaty on establishing monetary, economic and social union in Bonn. On August 3 1, the two sides signed the German unification treaty in Berlin. On September 24th, the East German National People's Army officially withdrew from the Warsaw Pact. 654381October 3, East Germany formally joined the Federal Republic of Germany. The constitution, Wolesi Jirga and government of GDR were automatically abolished, and the original 14 regions were changed to five states to adapt to the organizational system of the Federal Republic of Germany, and then merged into the Federal Republic of Germany, thus reuniting the two Germans that had been divided for more than 40 years. As the Federal Republic of Germany (BRD) became the surviving unit, East Germany became a country that no longer existed. 1970 On a cold winter day, the newly appointed German Federal Chancellor Brandt came to the Jewish Monument in Warsaw, Poland. During World War II, 2.5 million Jews in Poland were tortured in concentration camps and finally died. In the cold wind, Brandt walked step by step to the grave of the victims. Under the eyes of the whole world, the heroic anti-Nazi fighter in World War II made an action that shocked everyone: he fell to the ground. A reporter wrote: "He didn't have to do this. He knelt for all those who had to kneel but didn't. " Brandt knelt down and Germany stood up. After World War II, the Federal Republic of Germany began to pay huge compensation to the victims and their survivors who were persecuted by German fascists. The education department regards fascist violence as the central content of history textbooks, emphasizing that "the key task is to educate the next generation" and "it is our duty to prevent the recurrence of historical tragedies". Germany, which has the courage to shoulder historical responsibility, has returned to the embrace of Europe and the world stage.

East-west Berlin problem

The former Berlin Wall was 1945. After Nazi Germany surrendered, Berlin was occupied by the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France, East Berlin was occupied by the Soviet Union, and West Berlin was occupied by the United States, Britain and France according to the relevant agreements of the Allies during World War II. 1948, East and West Berlin officially split. 1June 1948 to1May 1949, the Soviet Union blocked West Berlin by land and water, and then lifted the blockade. 1949, the German Democratic Republic was founded, and East Berlin became the capital of the GDR. In fact, however, West Berlin is still controlled by the United States, Britain and France. Although the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Constitution of West Berlin stipulate that West Berlin belongs to a state of the Federal Republic of Germany, the three western countries think that this provision is inconsistent with the actual status of Berlin and declare that this provision will not take effect for the time being. However, they believe that West Berlin has a "special relationship" with the Federal Republic of Germany and agree that West Berlin should be integrated with the Federal Republic of Germany in the judicial, economic, financial, monetary and social systems. 196 1 year, in order to prevent East Germans from migrating to West Germany, the East German government built the famous Berlin Wall on its own side in East Berlin until the Berlin Wall collapsed and East Germany was merged into West Germany. 199010/on October 3rd, the goddess of peace at Brandenburg Gate once again witnessed the fate of the country, and Germany, which had been divided for 4 1 year, was reunified. This day is designated as Germany's National Day.