General situation of Guancheng District of Zhengzhou City

Guanchenghuizu District is located in the southeast of the old city of Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, at the intersection of the east-west Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and the north-south Longhai Railway. Its geographical location is112 42'-14', and 3416'-34' north latitude. Zhongmou county in the east, Xinzheng County in the south, Jinshui District in the north and Erqi District in the west.

Area: 204 square kilometers

Population: 300,000 (2002)

Dialect: Henan dialect

Famous scenic spots: 10,000 mu lotus seed sightseeing base, Qinglong Mountain Baishou Garden.

Guancheng Hui Autonomous Region is located in the southeast of Zhengzhou City, bordering zhongmou county in the east, xinzheng city in the south, Jinshui District in the north and Area 7 on the map of Erguancheng Hui Autonomous Region in the west. Code: 4 10 104. It belongs to the dune ridge area, with an altitude of100-140m, and inclines to the southwest and northeast. It belongs to the semi-arid monsoon continental climate in the north temperate zone, with an annual average temperature of 13.3℃- 14℃.

[Edit this paragraph] Administrative divisions

Guanchenghuizu District governs 9 streets 1 town and 2 towns: West Street, Nanguan Street, Chengdong Road Street, East Street Guanchenghuizu District Scenery 1 Street, Erligang Street, Longhai Road Street and Zijingshan South Road Street. On September 23, 2002, the Henan Provincial Civil Affairs Department issued the Reply on Revoking Dongcheng Township in Guancheng Hui Autonomous Region of Zhengzhou City (Yumin Guancheng Hui Autonomous Region). On September 27, the General Office of Zhengzhou Municipal People's Government issued the Notice on Revoking Hanghai Road Sub-district Office in Dongcheng Township of Guancheng Hui Autonomous Region (Zheng Zheng Ban Wen [2002] 1 7No.):/KLOC-. Two, set up a sub-district office of Hanghai East Road, located at No.26 Hanghai East Road, to manage the jurisdiction of five village committees in Dongcheng Township. As of February, 2005, Guancheng Hui Autonomous Region had jurisdiction over 9 streets, 1 town and 2 townships: Beixia Street, Nanguan Street, Longhai Road Street, Chengdong Road Street, Erligang Street, Dongdajie Street, Zijingshan South Road Street, Xidajie Street and Hanghai East Road Street. He Shili Town; Cao Nan Township and Putian Township.

He Shili Town is located in the southern suburb of Zhengzhou City, bordering the urban area. The town covers an area of 30.37 square kilometers and has a population of 21.2000. Administer 1 administrative village, 1 natural village and 65 villagers' groups. Caonan Township is located in the southeast of Zhengzhou City, covering an area of about 50 square kilometers, governing 14 administrative villages with 28,400 people. Putian Township is located in the eastern suburb of Zhengzhou City, bordering Baisha Town, zhongmou county in the east, Jinshui District in the west and north, and Caonan Township and Zhengzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone in the south, with a total area of 34.6 square kilometers. Administer 13 administrative villages with a population of 23,000.

[Edit this paragraph] Tourism resources

Guancheng Hui area is rich in natural resources and beautiful scenery, including Putian 10,000 mu Lotus Root Vegetable Sightseeing Base, Qinglong Mountain Baishou Garden, Caonan Township Jinsha Plant Manor and Lu Jin Ostrich Garden. Ten thousand mu of lotus seed sightseeing base: Ten thousand mu of lotus seeds planted in Hegouwang, Houtun, Muzhuang, Baifo and other villages in Putian Township are a good place to enjoy the cool and return to nature in summer, with blue eyes, lotus fragrance and frogs. Bailou Garden in Qinglong Mountain: Qinglong Mountain, with an altitude of150m and an area of 36m, is located 400m south of Xiaodian Village, Putian Township, Zhengzhou-Bian Highway, with an area of120mu, a building area of over 30,000m2, 500 beds, geothermal wells1200m deep and a water temperature of 46 degrees. With large scale and complete facilities, the park is an ideal place for the elderly to enjoy their natural life. Jinsha Plant Manor: located about one kilometer south of Lianghu Village in Caonan Township, with undulating sand dunes and dense forests, there is an artificial Jinsha Lake where you can swim, fish and eat barbecue. If you are interested, you can also go to the golf course to play. Lu Jin Ostrich Garden: Located about one kilometer south of Sizhao in Caonan Town, it integrates ostrich breeding, sightseeing and fitness tourism. You can start feeding ostriches, riding ostriches, going shopping, riding a tandem bike, catching fish, skiing, crossing a wooden bridge, eating ostrich meat, eating farmhouse meals, and buying an ostrich egg as a souvenir when you leave.

[Edit this paragraph] Land category

The land in the whole region is divided into three primary types, 10 secondary types and 52 tertiary types. The total land area of the region is about 196.6 square kilometers (294,774.5 mu), including 28.56 square kilometers (42,840 mu) in He Shili Town, 48.3 square kilometers (72,495 mu) in Putian Township and 95 square kilometers (142,500 mu) in Caonan Township, with an urban area of 24.4 square kilometers. The land use area of all kinds in the whole region is 99,228.0 mu of cultivated land, accounting for 33.7% of the total land area; The garden area is 56 170.70 mu, accounting for19%; Woodland area 13857.50 mu, accounting for 4.7%; Residential and industrial land is 875 12.6 mu, accounting for 29.7%; Traffic land 12894.6 mu, accounting for 4.4%; Water area 12480.6 mu, accounting for 4.2%, and unused land area 12630.5 mu, accounting for 4.3%.

[Edit this paragraph] Resource characteristics

1, the relative amount of land resources is small, but the soil texture is good. According to the agricultural population, the per capita arable land area in the whole region is only 0.95 mu, which is far lower than the national, provincial and municipal per capita land level. Snacks in Huimin District 2 of Guancheng. The land utilization rate is high and the reserve resources of cultivated land are insufficient. Guancheng is located in the capital of Henan Province, with flat terrain, good production conditions, long history of reclamation and rapid development of construction land. Almost all the land that can be developed has been developed and utilized, and the unused land is less. Therefore, only by improving the efficiency of land use can we alleviate the contradiction of insufficient reserve resources of cultivated land. Establishing efficient agricultural parks, adjusting agricultural structure and increasing farmers' income are the future development directions of rural areas. 3. The city's cultural level is high. Residential areas and industrial and mining areas occupy a large proportion. Towns, residential areas and industrial and mining land in the region account for 29.7% of the total area of the region.

[Edit this paragraph] Use the current situation

Agricultural land

1. Cultivated land refers to the land where crops are planted, including irrigated land, irrigated land, dry land and vegetable fields. In 2002, there were 99,228 mu of cultivated land in the whole region, accounting for 33.7% of the total area. Among them, paddy field111mu, irrigated land 60325.7 mu and vegetable land 2647.1mu, accounting for1.2% of cultivated land respectively. 2. Cultivated land is mainly distributed in He Shili, Putian and Caonan. Among them, Caonan Township has the largest cultivated land area, accounting for 53,094.9 mu, accounting for 54% of the whole cultivated land area. The cultivated land areas of He Shili Town and Putian Township are 19368.9 mu and 26764.2 mu, respectively, accounting for 20% and 26% of the whole cultivated land area. 3. Gardens: The garden area of the whole region is 56 170.70 mu, accounting for 19. 1% of the total area of the whole region. Apple orchards account for a large proportion of the gardens in the whole area. The orchard area in Cao Nan is relatively large, with 3329 1.4 mu, accounting for 59% of the total orchard area in the whole region, which is relatively high in the whole city. 4. Woodland: There is woodland 13857.5 mu in the whole region, accounting for 4.7% of the total land area in the whole region. Woodland is mainly distributed in three agricultural townships (towns): He Shili, Putian and Cao Nan.

land for construction

1. Residential land and industrial and mining land: Residential land and industrial and mining land refer to urban and rural residential areas, independent residential areas and land used by enterprises and institutions such as industrial and mining, national defense, scenic spots and historical sites outside residential areas. Including traffic land and green space. In 2002, the industrial and mining land of waterwheel in residential areas and Guancheng Hui Autonomous Region was 875 12.6 mu, accounting for 29.7% of the total area of the region, including 26,956.5 mu in urban areas, accounting for 30.8% of the residential areas and industrial and mining areas, and 25,202.5 mu in rural areas, accounting for 28.8% of the residential areas and industrial and mining areas. Transportation. Guancheng District * * * traffic land 12894.6 mu, accounting for 4.4% of the total area. Among the transportation land in the whole region, there are 3,493 mu of railway land, accounting for 27% of the transportation land, 4,257.7 mu of highway land, accounting for 33% of the transportation land, and 5 143.9 mu of rural highway land, accounting for 40% of the transportation land.

Water land use

Water refers to land waters and land for water conservancy facilities. The water area of the whole region is 12480.6 mu, accounting for 4.2% of the total land area of the whole region, which is higher than 1993. This is also related to the vigorous development of aquatic products in Putian Township in recent years.

wasteland

The unused land in Guancheng District is 12630.5 mu, accounting for 4.3% of the total area.

Land situation in 2003

In September 2003, the investigation results of land status change in the whole region were as follows: 97,789.6 mu of cultivated land, 5,577 mu of garden land, 65,438 mu of forest land+0.373 mu of kloc-0.4 mu of other agricultural land, 95,265,438 mu of residential and industrial land, 87,429 mu of traffic land and 8902.7 mu of water area.

[Edit this paragraph] Local snacks

Beef and vegetable spicy soup

Spicy soup. To tell the truth, the sticky soup on the streets of Zhengzhou is not authentic, and the signboard of Xiaoyao Town is just a profit tool. People flock to it because there are too few delicious foods to choose from. If I open a snack bar, I won't cut corners. You can't learn the secret system, and taste is the protagonist. Word of mouth is the most important thing. In Nanyang Shedian's hometown, vermicelli beef and mutton paste soup and mung bean sesame leaf paste noodles are nowhere to be found in Zhengzhou. Rural people are sincere and have not completely entered the eyes of money. The meat foam soup on the north side of the Yellow River Food City on Hongqi Road is thin and fleshy, and the matching fried meat box tastes good.

Wuhan dry noodles

Reagan noodles. (1) On the north side of Longhai Road, near the small shop of Railway Bureau Hospital. (2) The couple shop on the south side of the middle section of North Third Street near the tobacco factory is a bit short of weight. In the past, it was a big plate for one yuan, but now 1.5 yuan has a small portion, and pepper mixed with sesame seeds is not bad. (3) The canvas manufacturers on the south side of Longhai Railway Bridge on Xinzheng Road belong to a hospital, and the quantity is good.

Hui mian; Huimian Noodles; Braised noodles

(1) Neighbours of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China on the north side of Longhai Railway Bridge on Xinzheng Road, Laotie Huimian Noodles and Baiji Paomo. 5 yuan a bowl, Huimian Noodles noodles thick and gluten, with kelp, bean curd silk and oil pepper, soup fat diced for diced, if you don't eat spicy, you should first hand over to treat not to put pepper. There are no seats during the peak meal, and many workers from nearby wineries come here. Far more authentic than the flash on Zijingshan Road and Nanguan Street nearby. (2) A bowl of Zhao Ji 4 yuan opposite the steel warehouse at the southern end of Chengdong Road contains thousands of fried sesame seeds and a dish of sugar and garlic. A bowl of mutton soup is basically 5 yuan, and the side dishes are not bad. (3) Huimian Noodles, Fiona Fang at the intersection of Hongqi Road and Dongsan Street. The taste of a bowl in 5 yuan is similar to that in Evonne. (4) South Wuhui, opposite pesticide plant, Chengdong Road.

[Edit this paragraph] Archaeological research

According to the overlap and fracture of Shang Dynasty sites in Zhengzhou and the different characteristics of relics, archaeologists date Zhengzhou Mall as Erligang period of Shang bronze ware sika deer generation, and divide it into the first and second phases of Erligang lower layer and the first and second phases of Erligang upper layer. The relics contained in the city wall were in the middle of Shang Dynasty at the latest. The charcoal 14 unearthed from the rammed earth in the upper layer of Dongcheng city wall is dated to 3235 90 years ago, which proves that it is earlier than the site of Yin Ruins in Anyang in the middle of Shang Dynasty. Zhengzhou has a wide range of Shang city sites, rich cultural relics, a large area of palace sites, handicraft workshops and exquisite bronze ware groups. It can be concluded that this is the Bo capital where Tang Cheng lived in Shang Dynasty 3600 years ago.

agricultural economy

1 agriculture. The social economy of Shang Dynasty developed on the premise of relatively developed agricultural production, which was confirmed in archaeological excavations. At that time, bronze tools had been used, and copper shovels, the so-called "hollow axes", were found inside and outside Zhengzhou Mall. It is long and hollow, with a double-edged blade, 4 cm ~ 8 cm wide and a rectangular handle hole at one end. It was an essential logging tool for "cutting vegetation into fields and planting valleys" at that time. In the site of the copper casting workshop outside the south wall of Zhengzhou Mall, a considerable number of ceramic models of casting bronze praseodymium have been unearthed, both external and internal. It can be seen that this bronze praseodymium was also mass-produced at that time. However, in the agricultural production of Shang Dynasty, the number of bronze tools was small after all, and stones, bones and mussels were still widely used. At that time, the main tools for digging loose soil were flat riprap. Secondly, the clam shovel, that is, grinding the natural mussels a little; It is also a kind of bone shovel, which is usually made of cow glue bone and then repaired. All of them are equipped with wooden handles, which are tools for shoveling grass, and may also be the so-called "shovel" in ancient literature. These agricultural production tools were relatively common at that time. The agricultural tools used for harvesting are stone sickle and clam sickle. There are two common shapes: straight-edged curved back and curved-edged curved back, which should be mounted on a wooden handle when used. 19 stone sickle unearthed in the south corner of Zhengzhou shopping mall is a cave dwelling of Shang Dynasty in the courtyard of provincial timber company. The smaller stone sickle is 1. The stone is very good and the surface is polished. You can vaguely see blue-gray and white-gray spots, with back bending and blade bending, 1 1 cm long, 3 cm wide and 0.8 cm thick. 65,438+08 large stone sickles, all made of bluestone, are long, straight and sharp, with a length of 20 cm ~ 26.5 cm, a width of 6 cm ~ 6.5 cm and a thickness of 0.6 cm ~ 0.8 cm. This is the most found stone sickle in Zhengzhou Mall. In Zhengzhou shopping mall, you can also see a small number of stone knives and clam knives, which are rectangular with a hole in the middle. The tool used for logging is a stone axe, which is also widely unearthed in the Shang Dynasty ruins in Zhengzhou. Food processing tools such as stone mortar and pestle have been found many times inside and outside Zhengzhou shopping mall. Using them to process food is obviously a step forward compared with the stone mills and sticks used in the Neolithic Age. There are many kinds of cereals planted in Shang Dynasty, such as rice, wheat, millet, rice, millet, millet, rice and so on. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Rice husk was once found in Baijiazhuang site of Zhengzhou shopping mall, indicating that rice was also planted in the Central Plains at that time. In Zhengzhou shopping mall, many rectangular pits were found, some of which were 8-9 meters deep. The pit wall is generally straight and smooth, with a symmetrical foothold and can go up and down. These seem to be pits for storing grain. At that time, there were a large number of people who were divorced from agricultural production, including the royal family, nobles, slave owners, officials and other huge ruling groups, as well as the army, attendants and various handicraft slaves. In order to provide them with food, we must of course store a lot of food. This also reflects the relatively large amount of grain at that time from one side. In addition, a large number of bronze and pottery wine vessels have been unearthed in Zhengzhou Mall, which shows that drinking was very popular at that time, and brewing also needed a lot of food. From another aspect, it reflects that agricultural production in Shang Dynasty did have a relatively high development. This promoted the further division of labor between agriculture and handicrafts, and enabled the Shang Dynasty to create a material civilization far beyond that of the Xia Dynasty. 2. Animal husbandry and fishing and hunting. On the basis of agricultural development, animal husbandry and fishing and hunting have also made great progress, occupying a certain proportion in social economy. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, besides cows, horses, tapirs, sheep and dogs, there are also the prison characters of cows and the surname characters of tapirs. According to statistics, among more than 850 commonly used words in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, there are more than 130 related to agriculture, accounting for15%; There are more than 150 related to animal husbandry and hunting, accounting for more than 17%. Although this reflects the face of animal husbandry in the late Shang Dynasty, it can be inferred that the situation of animal husbandry in the middle Shang Dynasty is not far from it. Many remains of cattle, horses, pigs and dogs have been unearthed from the ruins of Zhengzhou Mall. These were all domestic animals, especially cows, pigs and dogs. Only in a ditch in the northeast corner of Zhengzhou shopping mall, eight dog pits were dug, and as many as 92 dogs were used. In Oracle Bone Inscriptions, words with targets, bullets and nets are images of fishing gear and hunting gear. There are also records of hunting methods in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, such as car attack, chasing dogs, burning mountains, archery, netting and trapping. Fishing and hunting tools such as copper shovel, stone shovel, bone shovel, clam shovel, stoneware pill, pottery net pendant, stone net pendant, etc. It can often be found in Zhengzhou Mall. Some wild animal bones and pottery sculptures such as pigs, sheep, tigers, fish, turtles and birds were also unearthed, which reflected the fishing and hunting industry at that time.

manufacture

Bronze casting and copper casting technology studio. Shang dynasty belongs to the bronze age, marked by the production and use of bronze production tools, weapons and containers. In Zhengzhou Mall, smelting and casting bronzes was the most advanced and important production department in all kinds of handicrafts at that time. 1954, the excavated area outside Nanguan is 1050 square meters, and the excavated area outside the wall of Beicheng is 275 square meters. In these two workshop sites, the operation sites of smelting and casting at that time-hard soil covered with a layer of copper slag were excavated respectively. There is also a conical pit on it, which is very similar to the place where the crucible is placed. A large number of crucible fragments and fragments, stewed clods, smelting slag, charcoal and thousands of ceramic molds for casting various bronzes were also found. It can be seen that its production scale is still considerable. Within the scope of the workshop site, a very simple semi-crypt living room and some small house foundations were also excavated, which may be inhabited by slaves working in the workshop. At that time, there were three kinds of crucibles: one was made of clay, with thick mixed grass mud outside, and an oval mouth. There was a layer of copper slag stuck inside and outside the crucible, and some of the mouths were cracked, which may be caused by high temperature. The other is made of clay with a big mouth. This is a common artifact in Zhengzhou Shang Dynasty ruins. Its shape is big mouth, neck-shrinking, shoulders, deep belly and round bottom, and it is usually decorated with rope patterns, string patterns and additional pile patterns. In order to strengthen the wall of the device, thick grass mixed mud is coated inside and outside the wall. Due to the high temperature, the inner wall of the equipment turns blue-gray with a layer of copper slag. There is also a kind of sand red pottery jar, which is also a common container in Zhengzhou Mall. Its shape is open, oblique and straight, flat-bottomed, and some are accompanied by short round feet. The ceramic tire is thick and contains coarse sand grains, and the surface of the crucible is decorated with rope patterns, checkered patterns or Yun Leiwen. The fire resistance of this crucible made of thick sand pottery cylinder is higher than that of muddy one, so the outer wall is only coated with grass and mud. After high temperature, the cylinder wall is burnt brick red, and a layer of copper slag is attached to the inner wall. In a large number of pottery models, we can see shovels, axes, knives, chisels, cones and other production tools, accounting for about half; There are fewer weapons such as arrows and daggers; Fang Ding, Wei, Yi, Jue, Zhong, Zun and Zhong also account for a considerable number. It is worth noting that in addition to similar pottery fans, a large number of arrowheads and arrowheads have been found outside Nanguan, but today a large number of knife fans and ge fans have been unearthed outside the north wall of Henan Hotel. It seems that their products are still somewhat different, and there may have been a certain division of labor between the copper casting handicraft workshops in Zhengzhou Mall. This kind of pottery mold is a kind of "hard mold", which was used to cast bronzes in Shang Dynasty. This is an advanced technology, far ahead of the world at that time. Using the model casting method, the first step is to make a mold, that is, to imitate the object to be cast with mud and carve patterns. The second step is external mold forming, in which a certain thickness of mud is pasted on the surface of the mold, and the shape and decorative pattern of the mold are printed by pressure. When the mud blocks are half dry, select the appropriate parts, cut them with a knife, and stick triangular mortises between the cut mud blocks, so that each module can be fastened when closing the mold. After drying, baking and decorating the inner wall patterns, it becomes the outer mold. The third step is to make the internal mold. First make the shape of the object with mud, and then scrape off a layer according to the thickness of the object to be cast. After baking, the internal mold is made. By prefabricating mortise and tenon, Zhi Ding and positioning sheath on the inner and outer formwork, the formwork will not move or be dislocated when assembling. After a layer of paint is applied to the surface of the model, it can be assembled. Finally, the outside is reinforced with mud, leaving the gate and riser. After baking, the copper liquid in the crucible can be used for casting. In Erligang, Yangzhuang, Baijiazhuang, Dongli Road, Gong Ming Road, People's Park, Nanguan Xiong 'er River and other places, a large number of bronzes in the middle Shang Dynasty were unearthed. In addition to production tools and weapons, there are many bronze containers, including round gluttonous and Wen Ding, small round tripod with flat feet, generous tripod with nail pattern, gluttonous or herringbone pattern, gluttonous or nail pattern copper bowl, string pattern or gluttonous bronze baron, string pattern or gluttonous. The slaves in Zhengzhou Mall mastered the complicated bronze casting process and knew how to use various metal raw materials to smelt bronze. Due to the huge difference in antimony content, it can be inferred that ores from different regions were selected. The large-scale heavy objects and exquisite small and medium-sized bronzes cast at that time inherited the bronzes in Erlitou, Yanshi, western Henan in the early Shang Dynasty and the bronzes in Yinxu, Anyang in the late Shang Dynasty, occupying a very important position. Archaeological excavations have proved that Chinese bronzes have a long history and were independently produced and developed on their own land. It showed the world the great wisdom and creativity of the working people in ancient China and wrote an immortal chapter in the long river of human history. 2. Workshop for firing pottery and pottery-making technology. In Zhengzhou Mall, pottery firing is a very important handicraft production department. 1955 The site of a pottery-burning workshop was discovered in the west corner of Zhengzhou Mall, with an area of about 1400 square meters. Four neatly arranged pottery kilns 10 and more than one small house foundation10 were excavated. Most pottery kilns are round, and some are oval. The kiln is divided into two parts, the upper part is the kiln room, the lower part is the fire room and the fire door, the middle part is separated by a kiln grate with a round hole, and the grate is supported by a rectangular soil column. The pottery blank is placed on the kiln grate, and the fire can be burned under the grate. Due to high temperature firing, the inside of the kiln wall has turned brick gray and gradually turned red. A number of tools for making pottery, such as pottery mats and pottery prints, were unearthed near the kiln wall and the foundation of the house. Among a large number of pottery unearthed, the variety is single, mostly pottery pots and pottery retort, but pottery with sand such as pots and altars is rarely found. It can be seen that this pottery workshop is specialized in firing pots, retort and other pottery clay, which shows that the handicraft industry in Zhengzhou Mall has not only been separated from agriculture and become an independent production department, but also has a fixed division of labor within the same handicraft industry, such as pottery industry. Workshop owners produce so many pots and pans not for personal use, but for product exchange. The most unearthed cultural relics in Zhengzhou Mall are pottery, which is not only an important symbol of archaeological dating, but also a reflection of social life at that time. At that time, pottery was widely used by civilians and nobles. From the perspective of pottery, there are muddy and mixed sand; Judging from the color of pottery, there are gray pottery, red pottery, black pottery and white pottery; From the perspective of manufacturing methods, there are wheel system, molding, wheel plastic and manual; From the appearance of the device, it consists of a flat bottom device, a round bottom device, a tripod device, an ankle ring device and a device cover. From the use point of view, there are cookers, drinking utensils, containers, production tools, sculpture works of art and musical instruments; According to the category names, pottery containers include Wei, Ding, jar, bi, Jue, Bian, cup, bean, pot, pot, big mouth statue, small mouth statue, bronze lion cup, Ding, filter, urn, bowl, jar and vessel. Production tools include spinning wheel, net pendant, projectile, cushion, impression, etc. Sculpture artworks and musical instruments include Hu Tao, Tao Zhu, Tao Yang, Tao Gui, Yu Tao, Tao Bird and Yu Tao. From the point of view of decorative patterns, there are more than ten kinds of patterns, such as rope pattern, string pattern, basket pattern, check pattern, circle pattern, additional pile pattern, herringbone pattern, Yun Leiwen pattern, gluttonous pattern and nipple pattern, which are very colorful. It is primitive pottery that can represent the highest level of ceramic technology in Zhengzhou Mall. They are made of kaolin, with high temperature, hard texture and weak water absorption, and they knock like metal. Most of the utensils are very old, but there are also some jars and bottles. Fetuses are grayish white or yellowish white, and some are grayish green and light brown; Apply more green glaze, and a few are brown glaze or yellow-green glaze. It has been proved by laboratory tests that the porcelain body of Zhengzhou primitive ceramics is similar to that of ordinary porcelain body, and the original porcelain glaze is similar to the so-called bean blue glaze in chemical composition. It can be seen that the original porcelain of Zhengzhou Mall is close to ordinary porcelain, thus advancing the history of China's invention of porcelain to more than 3,600 years ago, and China is well-deserved as the "motherland of porcelain" in the world. 3. Bone grinding workshop and bone making technology. 1954 A hand-made workshop site of bone grinding tools was found in the north corner of Zhengzhou shopping mall. Although the excavation area is not large, the unearthed cultural relics are very rich. In a rectangular axial cave in Shang Dynasty, thousands of finished and semi-finished bone implements, as well as aggregate and waste with saw marks, as well as a number of sharpening stones for bone grinders and small copper knives for processing bone implements were unearthed. The finished products of bone instruments are mostly bone nails and pins, and there are few bone cones and bone needles. This shows that this is a manual workshop mainly producing bone hairpin and bone cymbal. 1974, in a Shang dynasty trench in the northeast of Zhengzhou shopping mall (that is, in today's Dongli Road 1 courtyard), three piles of skulls of nearly 100 people were found, as well as a small amount of cattle bones and pig bones, but no human limbs and ribs were found. Many skulls have obvious saw marks, which are usually cut across the brow bone and the upper end of the ear. Most of them were identified as young men. In the literature, in ancient times, there were records of artifacts made with human heads at home and abroad. These saw-scarred human skulls should be the waste piles in the manual workshop for making head bowls in Zhengzhou Mall. [ 1]