First in the world!

World Hot Pole: Basra (Iraq) Record: 58.8℃

World Cold Pole: The lowest record near the South Pole (Dongfang Station) is 89.2℃

The area with the largest annual temperature difference: Yogyakan and Oymyakam (annual temperature difference 107.7℃, Russia).

Minimum annual temperature difference: Quito (annual temperature difference 0.6℃, Ecuador)

World wet pole: waialeale (located in Hawaii, USA) has an average annual rainfall of 335 days, with annual precipitation of12244 mm.

World dry pole: The average annual precipitation in Atacama Desert (South America) is less than 0. 1mm, and there is no rain from 1845 to 1936.

World Rain Pole: Kilapangqi (India), annual precipitation 1084 1mm, annual precipitation 186 1, 20447mm.

The highest land point in the world: Mount Everest (8844. 43 meters above sea level).

The lowest land point in the world: Dead Sea (elevation -4 15m).

The mountain range with the highest average elevation and the most peaks in the world: Himalayas (there are more than 50 peaks above 7000m).

The highest peak of the structure from the bottom to the top: Monaque Asia (Hawaiian Island, 4205 meters above sea level, 5998 meters under the sea, total height 10203 meters).

The largest mountain and volcano on earth: Mauna Loa volcano (Hawaii Island, elevation 4 169 meters, volcanic volume 75,000 cubic kilometers).

The highest volcano and extinct volcano on the earth: Aconcagua Mountain (6960 meters above sea level, the highest peak in the southwest hemisphere).

The highest active volcano on earth: Ojos del salado volcano (6893 meters above sea level).

The highest mountain on the island: puncak jaya (New Guinea, 4884 meters above sea level).

The longest land mountain range: the Andes (7500 kilometers long)

The longest undersea mountain range: mid-ocean ridge (80,000 kilometers long).

Lowest volcano: Gexi volcano (Gexi volcano in Japan, 1 12m high).

Longest mountain system: Cordillera mountain system (654.38+500,000 km)

The largest crater: Mount Asu (perimeter100km, Japan).

Volcano with the most eruption times: Mount Etna (2 10, Italy).

The deepest and largest sinkhole: Xiaozhai sinkhole in Fengjie, Chongqing, China.

The longest rivers: Nile and Amazon are controversial. The Nile is recognized as the longest river in the world, with a total length of 6695 kilometers. However, recently, a research team composed of Brazil and Peru discovered the new source of the Amazon River after a long journey, which made the length of the Amazon River reach 6,800 kilometers, making it the longest river, but it caused controversy among experts.

The river with the largest water flow: Amazon River

The largest plateau: Brazil Plateau (Brazil)

The highest plateau: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (China)

The largest lake: Caspian Sea.

The largest freshwater lake: Lake Superior.

The largest freshwater lake group: Five Dalian lakes (Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario).

The deepest lake: Lake Baikal (Russia, with the most fresh water)

The largest plain: Amazon Plain (Brazil)

The largest basin: Congo basin (Africa)

The largest desert: Sahara Desert (Africa)

The largest peninsula: Arabian Peninsula (Asia)

The largest island: Greenland (North America)

Deepest trench: Mariana Trench (Pacific Ocean,-11.033m).

Lightest sea: Baltic Sea (Europe) (the salinity of seawater is only 7-8 ‰, and the salinity of each bay is even lower, only 2‰).

The saltiest sea: the Red Sea (the salinity in the north is 42‰, which is much higher than the world average salinity of 35‰).

The shallowest sea: Azov Sea (8 meters on average)

The largest and deepest sea: Coral Sea.

The cleanest river: Ganges (the water quality has the effect of automatic purification)

The smallest sea: Marmarahi (Turkey)

The saltiest lake: Dead Sea (salinity 33.2%, located at the border between Palestine and Jordan)

The highest freshwater lake: Lake Titicaca (Peru, Bolivia)

The largest and longest coral reef group: Great Barrier Reef (Australia)

River with the largest sediment concentration: Yellow River (China)

Astronomical research

The world's earliest record of Halley's comet (currently recognized): China's Historical Records of Qin Shihuang.

The earliest record of Halley's comet in the world (later discovered, more than 400 years earlier than the historical record): China's Brief Training of Huainan Soldiers.

The earliest solar eclipse record in the world: 65438 BC+0265438 BC+May 26th, 2007 recorded by Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty in China.

The earliest meteor shower record in the world: China's Notes on Bamboo Chronology

The earliest sunspot record in the world: 28 AD recorded in China's Records of the Five Elements of Hanshu.

The oldest star map in the world: Dunhuang star map of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang

The world's earliest observatory prototype: Stonehenge in Britain

astronomical instruments

The largest sun clock in the world: Augustus sun clock.

The world's first large-scale astronomical instrument driven by water: armillary sphere

The oldest astronomical clock in the world: Waterborne Observatory

The oldest observatory in the world: the observatory built by the ancient Egyptians in 2600 BC to observe Sirius.

The earliest telescope in the world: galileo telescope.

The largest mobile radio telescope in the world: Green Shore Telescope.

The world's largest optical instrument: space telescope

The largest space telescope in the world: Hubble telescope in the United States

The world's largest refracting telescope: Yekeshi Observatory, USA

The world's largest reflecting telescope: the 6-meter telescope on Caucasus Mountain.

The largest spectral astronomical telescope in the world (aperture and spectral acquisition rate): lamost astronomical telescope (China, 09.06.05).

star

The brightest star: Sirius A (outside the solar system)

The closest star to the solar system: proxima centauri.

The brightest supernova: Taurus supernova

The largest star: three bright red stars discovered by American astronomers in February 2005.

The most attractive star: black hole

The oldest star: black dwarf (within the range of human understanding)

The fastest rotating star: pulsar

planet

The most massive planet: Jupiter (about twice the mass of the other seven planets combined)

Ringed planets: Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune

The planet with the fastest revolution speed: Mercury (88 days)

The largest planet: Jupiter

The brightest planet: Venus

Planet with the most satellites: Saturn

The closest planet to the earth: the moon

The brightest planet to the naked eye: Venus.

The earliest calculated planet: Neptune

The most beautiful planet: Saturn (in the solar system)

The fastest rotating planet: Jupiter (9 hours, 50 minutes and 30 seconds)

The planet with the slowest rotation: Venus (243 days, 225 days of revolution)

satellite

The largest satellite in the solar system: Ganymede

The most volcanic satellite: io.

Man's first satellite: the moon

galaxy

The closest galaxies to the Milky Way: Great Britain and small magellanic cloud.

other

The largest onshore oilfield: Wo Jia Oilfield (the maximum oil production is 82 billion barrels, about11500,000 tons).

The heaviest oil drilling platform: Pan Bo drilling platform (weighing 24,000 tons).

The largest natural gas field: Wuliangou condensate gas field (with a total reserve of 8 trillion cubic meters).

The largest oil field: Gaval oil field

The largest oil port: Rastnula oil port.

Thickest area: Chimborazo Mountain in Ecuador, South America.

The highest volcano has been found: Olympus Mons (Mars) (the area is equivalent to the whole of Ireland, and the height is more than 3 Everest).

The first space station: Salute No.1 (197 1 successfully launched by the former Soviet Union in April,.

The largest space station to date: Mir.

The first artificial satellite: Sputnik- 1 (launched by the former Soviet Union on 1957+654381October 4).

The most powerful rocket: Saturn V.

The most famous astronomical telescope: Hubble Space Telescope (1launched by the United States on April 24th, 990).

The first man-made detector crossing the asteroid belt: Pioneer 1 1.

The coldest place in the universe: Sagittarius boomerang nebula

The first man to walk in space: Lieutenant Colonel A. leonov, a former Soviet astronaut.

Country with the largest land area: Russian Federation (with a total area of about17,075,200 square kilometers)

The country with the smallest land area: Vatican (with a total area of 0.44 square kilometers)

The most populous country: People's Republic of China (PRC) (the national population is about 654.38+0.3 billion).

The country with the least population: Vatican (about 990 people in 2008)

The country and region with the least population: Pitcairn Island (50 people in 2006).

The country with the highest population density: Monaco (area 1.95 km2, 32,409 residents, population density per km216,620 people).

The country with the lowest population density: Mongolia (area 1.564 million square kilometers, population of 2.8 million * * *, population density is only 1 person/square kilometer).

The country with the longest coastline: Canada (with a coastline of 202,080 kilometers).

Country with the highest mortality rate: Botswana (29.36 deaths per 1,000 people in 2005)

The country with the lowest mortality rate: Kuwait (only 2.42 deaths per 1000 population in 2005)

The country with the highest birth rate: Niger (565,438+0.33% in 2005)

The country with the lowest birth rate: Germany (8.33% in 2005)

The country with the lowest natural population growth rate: Germany

The country with the highest infant mortality rate: Angola (65,438+087.49 deaths per 1,000 infants).

The country with the lowest infant mortality rate: Singapore (only 2.29 deaths per 1000 infants)

The country with the highest female fertility rate: Niger (with an average of 7.46 babies per woman)

The country with the lowest female fertility rate: Singapore (only 1.06 babies per female)

The country with the highest suicide rate: Lithuania (in 2003, there were 426,5438+0 suicides per/kloc-0.0 million people, 74.3 suicides per/kloc-0.0 million people for men and 65,438+03.9 suicides per/kloc-0.0 million people for women).

The country with the highest GDP: the United States (GDP in 2008 was 14.32 trillion US dollars).

The country with the highest GDP per capita: Luxembourg (according to the statistics of the International Monetary Fund in 2004, it is about 75 130 USD).

The country with the longest life expectancy: Andorra (the average life expectancy in 2006 was 83.5438+0 years).

The country with the shortest life expectancy: Swaziland (the average life expectancy in 2006 was 33.22 years)

The youngest Republic in the world: Nepal (the monarchy was abolished on May 28th, 2008).

The longest national anthem: Bangladeshi people and the national anthem "Golden Bangladesh", 142 long.

The shortest national anthem: Bahrain's national anthem-Bahrain's Our Bahrain (only 7 bars)

The national anthem with the shortest lyrics: Uganda's national anthem has only eight bars.

The oldest national flag: Denmark's big white cross flag.

Longest border: the border between the United States and Canada (64 16 km long).

The first country to start the day: Kiribati (and the only country that has crossed the international international date line).

The country that produces the most dates: Iraq (198 1 accounting for 2/5 of the world output).

The country with the largest coconut production: Philippines (accounting for more than 1/4 of the world output).

The earliest country to grow coffee: Ethiopia

The largest rubber producer: Thailand

The largest producer of banana cannabis: Philippines

The country with the largest palm oil production: Malaysia

The country with the largest output and export of corn, soybean and cotton: the United States.

The country with the highest output of coffee, sugar cane and citrus: Brazil.

Australia is the world's largest exporter of wool and sheep, with the largest reserves of bauxite, lead, zinc, uranium and nickel.

Richest country: Switzerland (per capita wealth of $648,000)

The country with the largest number of cattle: India (about 300 million, accounting for 1/5 of the total number of cattle in the world).

The country with the largest number of sheep: Australia (more than 200 million sheep, average per person12,500).

The country with the largest number of lakes: Finland (about188,000 lakes, known as the "country of thousands of lakes")

The country with the largest number of islands: Indonesia (consisting of 13667 islands of different sizes, of which 6000 islands can be inhabited).

The country with the most volcanoes: Indonesia

The most expensive country for water: Kuwait

The northernmost country: Finland

The southernmost city: ushuaia.

The country with the highest proportion of disabled people: Angola

The country with the highest average altitude: Lesotho

Lowest country: Netherlands

The country with the highest peak: Nepal

The longest undefended border in the world: the border between the United States and Canada