The development course of the Olympic Games

From 776 BC to 388 AD, Evy Tus, the ruler of the Peloponnesus (the founder of the ancient Olympic Games), tried to combine religion with sports. He not only innovated religious ceremonies, but also organized large-scale sports competitions and activities, and decided to hold them every four years. The time is set after the summer solstice of leap year. Therefore, the ancient Olympic Games in 776 BC officially went down in history and became the 1 th ancient Olympic Games. Only three countries participated in the first ancient Olympic Games-Peloponnesus, easley and Sparta. At that time, there was only one project, namely192.27m site run.

In 776 BC, the ancient Greeks stipulated that the Olympic Games should be held in Olympia every four years, for the sake of peace and respect for the Olympic gods (Zeus and other gods in ancient Greek mythology). At that time, every city-state had its own dating method, and there was no * * * era. But the most important event between the city-states every year is the Great Games in Greece. There are four kinds of these games: Olympic Games, Picea Games, Nimia Games and Ismia Games. These four sports meetings, led by the Olympic Games, were held in four places successively, thus forming a four-year cycle, called the Olympic cycle, which became a method for calculating the years among the city-states.

During the Games, all Greek athletes and people nearby gathered in Olympia, a beautiful town in southern Greece. In 776 BC, the first Olympic Games was held here, and Dorian Klose won the192.27m sprint, becoming the first event champion of the international Olympic Games. Later, the scale of the ancient Greek Games gradually expanded and became a grand event to show the national spirit. The winner of the sports meeting won a wreath of laurel, wild olive and palm.

From 776 BC to 394 AD, after 1 170 years, * * * held the 293rd ancient Olympic Games. In 394 AD, the Olympic Games were banned by the Roman Emperor Theodosius I.

Although there were disputes between the city-states in this period, it was the golden age of the sports meeting. Especially in 490 BC, after Athens, Greece defeated the Persian army in the Marathon Valley, the people were full of emotion and built many sports facilities and temples. Participants are all over the Greek city-states, and the Olympic Games has become one of the biggest festivals in Greece.

There are many legends about the origin of the ancient Olympic Games, the most important of which are the following two: one is that the ancient Olympic Games was a regular sports activity to worship Zeus, and the other 1 legends are all related to Heracles, the son of Zeus. Hercules is known as "Hercules" because of his infinite strength. He accomplished tasks that ordinary people could not accomplish in Elis city-state. In a short time, he cleaned the king's cowshed, but the king refused to give him 300 cows. Hercules drove the king away in a rage. In order to celebrate driving away the stingy king, he held a grand sports meeting in the Olympics. That's why there will be the Olympic Games.

Ancient Olympic events: pentathlon (including discus, javelin, long jump and running; Wrestling and boxing), running, boxing, wrestling, boxing wrestling (a mixed sport of boxing and wrestling), carriage race, horse riding. From 388 BC to 146 BC, due to the long Peloponnesian War between Sparta and Athens (from 43 BC1year to 404 BC), the national strength of Greece was greatly reduced, and Macedonia gradually annexed Greece. King Philip of Macedonia also took part in the horse race himself. Later, Alexander the Great actively supported the Olympic Games. Although he didn't like sports activities, he regarded the Olympic Games as the highest opening ceremony of ancient Greek sports activities and added facilities to it. However, during this period, the spirit of the ancient Olympic Games has greatly faded, and professional athletes began to appear. From 65438 BC to 046 BC-394 AD, after the Roman Empire ruled Greece, the Olympic Games were still held at first, but Olympia was not the only venue. For example, in the 175 Olympic Games in 80 BC, Rome's economic laws called for excellent athletes to compete in Rome, while Olympia only held junior competitions. At this time, professional athletes began to appear in large numbers, and the Olympic Games became a competition for professional athletes, and the Greeks lost interest in it. After the 2nd century AD, Christianity ruled the whole of Europe, including Greece, advocating asceticism, advocating the separation of soul and body, and opposing sports, which made Europe in a dark age, and the Olympic Games even declined until it existed in name only. In 393 AD, the Roman emperor Diodo VI 1 declared Christianity as the state religion, and considered that the ancient Olympic Games was a pagan activity contrary to the purpose of Christianity. The following year, he announced the abolition of the ancient Olympic Games. In 395 AD, the Byzantines and Goethe fought fiercely on the Alphonse River, destroying all the facilities in Olympia. In 426 AD, Dior II burned the architectural remains of Olympia. Two strong earthquakes occurred in May11and 522, which completely destroyed Olympia. Since then, the ancient Olympic Games, which was delayed for more than 1000 years, has ceased to exist, and the bustling Olympia has become a ruin. From15th century to1896+05th century, educators began to advocate a happy and healthy lifestyle. /kloc-In the 0/7th century, the Englishman John Locke's Gentleman Education proposed morality, intelligence and physique, while the Frenchman Jean-Jean-jean-jacques rousseau suggested learning through games. In A.D. 1776, British archaeologists discovered the ruins of the ancient Olympic Games in their investigation. From 1875 to 188 1, German Ku Tius excavated cultural relics at the site of Olympia, which aroused the interest of the whole world. 1858, Greece issued the Olympic Order, and held the first Pan-Greek Olympic Games in Athens on 1859 June+10/day.

1889 In July, at the international track and field conference held in Paris, France, Pierre de Pierre De Coubertin, a French educator who was later honored as the "father of the Olympics", made public his idea of restoring the Olympic Games for the first time. 189110/0. In October, Coubertin, as the secretary-general of the French Federation of Athletics Associations, sent an invitation to almost every sports organization and club in the world-to participate in the international sports conference held in June 1894 at the Sorbonne Theological Seminary in Paris, France, which was the first Olympic conference. 78 representatives from 37 sports organizations in 9 countries attended the meeting. At that time, Coubertin became the first secretary-general of the International Olympic Committee. Through the resolution to revive the Olympic Games, the first Olympic Charter initiated and formulated by Coubertin was adopted. It involves the basic purposes, principles and other related matters of the Olympic Movement. On June 23rd, the General Assembly passed a resolution to establish the International Olympic Committee, and June 23rd became the "International Olympic Day". Coubertin drafted the Constitution of the International Olympic Committee, expounded the philosophical basis, educational significance and aesthetic significance of the Olympic movement, laid the theoretical foundation for the Olympic movement, and made the Olympic movement develop into a lasting sports and peace movement. This congress marks the birth of the modern Olympic Movement. Coubertin is known as "the father of modern Olympics".

The Congress decided to hold the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, and the historic city of Athens in Greece won the right to host it. 1896 Up to now1896 From April 6 to April 15, Athens, Greece hosted the first modern Olympic Games. Zhou Enlai once said, "Friendship comes first, competition comes second."

1 The 1st Modern Olympic Games When Athens hosted the Olympic Games, it was more than 1500 years since the ancient Olympic Games, which was banned by the Roman emperor Diodo I.1At 3 pm on April 6, 896, King George I of Greece announced the opening of the first modern Olympic Games in Panathini Stadium, which was rebuilt in Athens. George I said in his opening speech: "I hope that the revival of the Olympic Games will enhance the friendship between the Greek people and the people of other countries;" I hope that sports and the moral concepts it advocates can help create a new generation of Greeks, worthy of their ancestors. "

1900, the second Olympic Games came to the bustling capital-Paris, France. The Olympic Games lasted more than five months, and it was a long time.

At the Paris Olympic Games, 1 1 women broke the ban and appeared on the sports ground. After several arguments, the International Olympic Committee finally passed the resolution to allow women to participate in the Olympic Games at the 22nd meeting of 1924. Since then, women's events have become an indispensable part of the Olympic Games, and more and more female athletes have participated in it.

After the success of the first Athens Olympic Games, the Greek side had hoped to make Athens the permanent venue for the Olympic Games, but it was opposed by IOC President Coubertin and others. Coubertin believes that the Olympic Games is the heritage of all mankind and should not belong only to Greece. Finally, the second Olympic Games ended in Coubertin's hometown of France.

At that time, Paris had become a world-famous bustling city, but the Olympic Games were given a cold shoulder here. As this Olympic Games is regarded as a part of the World Expo, the competition time also lasts from mid-May 1900 to1October 28th 10. The competition schedule is not tight, such as fencing in June, track and field and gymnastics in July, and swimming in August, which is called "marathon" sports meeting. The competition venues are scattered in different towns and the facilities are very simple. Coupled with poor organization, insufficient publicity and small audience, this Olympic Games is far less intense and enthusiastic than the first Athens Olympic Games. Coubertin, who wanted to use the World Expo to enhance the popularity of the Olympic Games, was very disappointed. He wrote in his diary: "There is a place in the world that is very indifferent to the Olympic Games, and that is Paris."

However, the Paris Olympic Games also has its own characteristics. On the one hand, Paris has many scenic spots and convenient transportation, which is very attractive to many contestants. The number of participating countries increased from 13 to 22, and the number of athletes increased from 3 1 1 to 1344. It is worth mentioning that * * * 1 1 female players from France, Britain, the United States and Bohemia participated in golf and tennis competitions, which was the first time for female athletes to enter the Olympic Palace, and charlotte cooper also became the 1 female champion (women's tennis singles champion and mixed doubles champion) in Olympic history.

From 65438 to 0904, the third Olympic Games was held in St. Louis, a city along the Mississippi River in the United States. This is the first time that the Olympic Games has been held outside Europe, and it also shows that the Olympic Games has taken an important step on the road of internationalization. St Louis beat Chicago to host the third Olympic Games. One of the main reasons is that the World Expo will be held here. This is also the first time in the history of the Olympic Games that the host city is decided by the competition. Because of the overlap with the World Expo, the competition lasted from July 1 to June 10, which was as long as the last Paris Olympic Games, and the scenery of the Olympic Games was also taken away by the World Expo. Coubertin was deeply disappointed. Since then, the Olympic Committee has separated the venue of the Olympic Games from the World Expo to prevent this from happening again.

There are only 12 countries participating in this Olympic Games, which is the least in history. Many European players failed to take part in the competition because of the distance across the ocean and the host's failure to honor the promise of sending ships to pick up European players. There are 629 athletes, 533 of whom are from the United States, and many of them are Americans. In addition, the United States is powerful and has the most medals, so some people say that this Olympic Games is the "American Olympic Games".

192 1 2008, the Olympic law was formulated in Lausanne, Switzerland, including the Olympic Charter, the Constitution of the International Olympic Committee, the Competition Rules and Protocols of the Olympic Games, the General Rules for Hosting the Olympic Games and the Rules of the Olympic Parliament. Up to now, although it has been revised and supplemented many times, the basic principles and spirit formulated by Coubertin have not changed.

On July 5, 2007, at the119th IOC plenary meeting held in Guatemala City, the IOC agreed to establish the Youth Olympic Games. The age of athletes should be between 14 and 18. The first Youth Olympic Games was held in Singapore. Nanjing, China hosts the 2nd Youth Olympic Games 20 14. Buenos Aires, Argentina hosted the 3rd Youth Olympic Games on 20 18.

The IOC Monaco Plenary Session adopted an important resolution on February 8, 20 14. In addition to allowing different countries or regions and different cities in the same country to jointly bid for the Olympic Games, the IOC will also break the upper limit of the number of Olympic events in the future, allowing the host to propose to add one or more events independently, but it needs the approval of the IOC to be selected for the Olympic Games.

Allowing more events means that the Olympic Games will break the limit of 28 events in the Summer Olympic Games and 0/5 events in the Winter Olympic Games, but the number of athletes cannot be increased. The current standards of 0/0500 in the Summer Olympic Games and 2,900 in the Winter Olympic Games should be maintained.

The International Olympic Committee adopted the proposal of opening an Olympic channel, which is expected to be launched worldwide on 20 15, with 24-hour uninterrupted broadcast and operated by OBS. This Olympic channel will broadcast sports programs-but not live Olympic games, but join the booming interactive market, trying to attract the attention of young people all over the world. The channel will be located in Switzerland and Spain. The conference will be broadcast through the internet first, and then enter the mainstream radio and television system, including news, special programs, major events and so on.