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Scientific name:

Ramie) Gaudiqi.

English name: Ramie

Family name: Urticaceae

Alias ramie, white hemp, round hemp and green hemp.

Ramie is a perennial herb and an important textile fiber crop. Also known as white leaf ramie. Its single fiber is long, with the highest strength, fast moisture absorption and dissipation, and good thermal conductivity. After degumming, it is white and mercerized, and can be spun pure or blended with cotton, silk, wool and chemical fiber. The world-famous Liuyang summer cloth is a handmade product of ramie fiber.

Origin and spread

Originated in China. China is a country with many ramie varieties and wild ramie varieties, and China has the oldest ramie cultivation history, which has been more than 4,700 years. Ramie is more suitable for temperate and subtropical climate.

Morphological characteristics and planting:

Semi-shrub, 1-2m high; Stems, inflorescences and petioles densely short or villous. Leaves alternate, broadly ovoid or suborbicular, with rough surface and densely white pilose abaxially. Flowers monoecious, cymes conical, female inflorescence above male inflorescence; Male tepals 4, stamens 4; The female perianth is tubular with fine hairs. Achene oval, about 65438 0.5 mm long. The flowering and fruiting period is July -65438+ 10.

Powerful rhizomes are formed by underground stems and roots. Ramie propagated by vegetative plants has no main roots, and many fine roots occur in underground stems, and some of them have secondary cambium, which expands into radish shape and has a smooth surface. Their secondary xylem parenchyma cells contain a lot of starch and have the function of storing nutrients, so they are called storage roots. Most root groups are distributed in the soil layer with a depth of 30-50cm, and a few branch roots can be buried below1m. The terminal bud of each branch of the underground stem grows and protrudes out of the ground to become the aboveground stem. The overground stems are tufted, upright, cylindrical, hairy on the surface, about 1.5-2m in height, 0.8- 1.2cm in diameter at the base, generally unbranched, green or reddish, and the cortex is cork-shaped and brown when it matures. Primary fiber is outside phloem, which has high economic value and is differentiated from primary meristem. Generally, the hemp yield of fresh stems is 4-6%, and the hemp yield of fresh skins is 10- 15%. The xylem of the stem is loose or hollow and easy to break.

The single fiber length of ramie is 60-250 mm, which is the longest among ramie crops. The diameter is 17-64um, and the cross section is polygonal and oval. Alternate leaves, oval, oval or nearly round, serrated edges, rough or wrinkled surface, green or yellowish green, silvery white felt hairs on the back, green or yellowish green petiole, leaf body or stipules, and sometimes red and purple. Monoecious flowers. The male inflorescence is in the middle and lower part of the stem, and the female inflorescence is in the upper part. At the junction of the two, there are often two kinds of flowers on the same inflorescence. The male flower has 4 perianth, yellow-green, 4 stamens, degenerated ovary, yellow-white anther, kidney-shaped, 2-loculed. Female perianth pot-shaped, densely hairy, 2-4-lobed at the top, red, yellow or green in bud stage. Achene is very small, oblate or ovoid, with length 1- 1.3mm, width 1mm, thickness of 0.8mm, brown, 1000-grain weight of 0.05-0. 15g and oil content15-34.

The perennial age of ramie is 10-30 years, and the highest age is above 100 years. The growth period of hemp is about 80-90 days, hemp is 50-60 days, and hemp is 70-80 days. The annual growth period is about 230 days.

Ramie is a short-day plant. The length of day and night not only affects the flowering time of ramie, but also affects the proportion of male and female flowers. 8-9 hours can promote flowering, but more female flowers; When the day length is 14 hour, more male flowers will be born. The optimum temperature for ramie seed germination is 25-30℃. The suitable temperature for aboveground stem growth is 15-32℃. When the temperature is lower than 3℃ in early spring, the seedlings will suffer from freezing injury. If the soil temperature is below-3-5℃ for a long time in winter, the underground stems will be frozen. The leaf area coefficient can reach 4-7. Because of the large amount of transpiration and the rapid growth of nutrition, sufficient water is needed. Generally, the annual rainfall should be above 800- 1000mm, and the distribution is reasonable. The suitable relative humidity is about 80%. The soil moisture content is 20-25%. The main component of fiber is cellulose, and the daily light intensity and sunshine hours have great influence on fiber output. Insufficient sunshine, weakened photosynthesis, weakened stems, thin hemp skin, thin fiber cell wall, delayed maturity and reduced yield. However, too strong sunlight, high temperature and drought will also inhibit the growth of hemp stems, lignify fiber cell walls, and reduce fiber quality and yield. The stems and leaves are lush and the roots are developed, which requires deep and loose soil layer, high organic matter content, good water and fertilizer conservation and good drainage. The pH value of the soil should be 5.5-6.5, and it should be improved if it is lower than 4.5 or higher than 7.6. In China, ramie is generally planted in mountainous flat land, gentle slope land, hilly land or plain impact soil. The soil quality is preferably sandy soil to clay. However, it is not suitable for planting on the land where the groundwater level is within 1m or it is easy to flood.

growing environment

1. Temperature Ramie is native to the tropics and subtropics, and its growth and development need higher temperature.

The lowest temperature of ramie seed germination is 6-9℃, and it cannot germinate above 40℃, and the optimum temperature is 25-30℃. In early spring, when the temperature rises above 9℃, the buds on the underground stems begin to sprout and emerge. After the emergence, the seedlings will be frozen when the temperature is below 3℃. The growth limit temperature of ramie is 3-40℃, the optimum growth temperature is 15- 30℃, and the optimum temperature for bast fiber development is 17 -32℃. The temperature below -2℃ for a long time will freeze the shoots of underground stems, and the ground temperature below -3-5℃ for a long time will freeze the underground stems.

2. Ramie is a light-loving crop. Under the condition of sufficient sunshine, ramie emerges early, with many stems above ground, strong stems, good fiber development, thick hemp skin, early technical maturity, high yield and high yield. When the sunshine is insufficient, the effective stems are reduced, the fiber cells are underdeveloped, the cell wall is thin, the stems are weak, and the yield is low, but the fibers are fine and soft. Too strong sunlight will lignify ramie fibers.

Ramie is a short-day plant, which can promote the bud flowering of ramie.

3. The growth of wet hemp generally requires high temperature and humidity, the annual rainfall is above 800mm, and the distribution is uniform, and the relative humidity of the atmosphere is above 80%. Ramie has fast growth, large leaves, large transpiration and high water demand. In case of drought, insufficient soil moisture will lead to leaf curl or defoliation, stagnant growth, poor development of fiber cells, increased lignification and coarsening of fibers. The optimum soil water content in ramie field is 20% -24% or 80% -85% of the field water capacity. In foggy places in mountainous areas, the quality is often better.

Use:

Stem bark fiber is long, flexible, white, wrinkle-free, tensile, elastic, moisture-resistant, heat-resistant and insulating, which is an excellent textile raw material and widely used. Roots are used as diuretics and antipyretics, and have the functions of preventing miscarriage and treating abdominal pain and bleeding. Ramie extract can be extracted from stem and leaf, which has good hemostatic effect. The whole grass contains succinic acid (succinic acid), protocatechuic acid and phenols.

Main producing areas

It is planted in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Henan, Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Yunnan, Fujian, Guangdong and Taiwan Province provinces. Hunan, Hubei and Sichuan provinces have the most. 1985 China, the third largest ramie producer in the world, produced 88,400 tons, Brazil about 1 10,000 tons and the Philippines about 4,000 tons.

Main pests and diseases

The main diseases are root rot nematodes, stem-piercing nematodes, white rot, Rhizoctonia solani and Pseudomonas solani, in addition to anthracnose, angular leaf spot, brown spot, ramie blight and ramie stem rot.

Pests include: blue spot moth, Indian moth, white moth and rice borer. Scarabs that harm ramie mainly include Coprinus aeruginosa, Black Scarabs and Black Scarabs, in addition to ugly butterflies, Spodoptera argentea, leaf rollers and so on.

Brief introduction of ramie

Ramie is a perennial herb of Urticaceae, and its rooting age is 10-30 years. The dried ramie leaves contain 20.5-23.8% crude protein and more vitamins, so they are good livestock feed. Hemp root can be used as medicine, which has the effects of stopping bleeding, removing blood stasis, detoxifying and preventing miscarriage. Ramie stem bark can be processed into ramie fiber for ramie spinning. There is a slot in the middle of the fiber, and the tube wall is porous, slender, tough, light in texture and fast in moisture absorption and dissipation, so its permeability is about 3 times higher than that of cotton fiber. At the same time, ramie fiber contains Ding Ning, pyrimidine, purine and other elements, which have different degrees of inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, and have the functions of antisepsis, antibiosis and mildew prevention. Ramie fabric has the advantages of rough, crisp, elegant, light, cool, breathable and antibacterial, and its superiority and unique style are incomparable to other fibers. Blending with cotton, silk, wool or chemical fiber can make up for the defects of the above four fibers and achieve the best fabric effect.

Ramie is a unique crop with textile as its main purpose in China and a national treasure of China. China's ramie production accounts for more than 90% of the world's ramie production, which is internationally known as "China Grass". Ramie is suitable for planting in temperate and subtropical regions. The soil is characterized by deep and loose soil layer, high organic matter content, good water and fertilizer retention and drainage, and the suitable PH value is 5.5-6.5. The main producing areas in China are distributed between 0/9 and 39 degrees north latitude, from Hainan Province in the south to Shaanxi Province in the north, with a history of planting ramie. Generally, it is divided into areas along the Yangtze River (including Hunan, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui and other provinces), South China (including Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Yunnan, Taiwan Province and other provinces) and the Yellow River Basin (including Shaanxi, Anhui and other provinces). Among them, the cannabis planting area in the Yangtze River basin is the main cannabis producing area in China, and its planting area and output account for more than 90% of the total planting area in China. Ramie is generally harvested three times a year, and its growth cycle is about 50-90 days, which varies according to different climatic conditions. Ramie is a short-day plant, and the length of day and night not only affects the flowering time of ramie, but also affects the ratio of male to female. The length of day is 8-9 hours, which can promote flowering, but there are many female flowers, and the length of day is 14 hours, mostly male flowers. Ramie fiber is composed of cellulose, and the light intensity and sunshine hours per day have great influence on fiber yield. When the sunshine is insufficient, the photosynthesis is weakened, the stem is weakened, the hemp skin is thinned, the fiber cell wall is thinned, the process maturity is delayed, and the yield is reduced. However, too strong sunlight, high temperature and drought will also inhibit the growth of hemp plants, lignify cells and reduce the quality and yield of flax.

According to research, as early as 4,000 years ago, ancient people in China used ramie for weaving by hand, while cotton was used for spinning. Since the Han Dynasty, ramie fiber woven fabric was only about 1000 years later than linen hand-woven fabric in ancient Egypt. Except for hemp, which was planted more than 4,000 years ago, jute was only used in the Song Dynasty, while kenaf, green hemp and agave hemp were not as widely used as ramie and flax.

Distribution of ramie origin

Ramie is a unique crop with textile as its main purpose in China and a national treasure of China. China's ramie production accounts for more than 90% of the world's ramie production, which is internationally known as "China Grass". Ramie is suitable for planting in temperate and subtropical regions. The soil is characterized by deep and loose soil layer, high organic matter content, good water and fertilizer retention and drainage, and the suitable PH value is 5.5-6.5. The main producing areas in China are distributed between 0/9 and 39 degrees north latitude, from Hainan Province in the south to Shaanxi Province in the north, with a history of planting ramie. Generally, it is divided into areas along the Yangtze River (including Hunan, Sichuan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui and other provinces), South China (including Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Yunnan, Taiwan Province and other provinces) and the Yellow River Basin (including Shaanxi, Anhui and other provinces). Among them, the cannabis planting area in the Yangtze River basin is the main cannabis producing area in China, and its planting area and output account for more than 90% of the total planting area in China. Ramie is generally harvested three times a year, and its growth cycle is about 50-90 days, which varies according to different climatic conditions. Ramie is a short-day plant, and the length of day and night not only affects the flowering time of ramie, but also affects the ratio of male to female. The length of day is 8-9 hours, which can promote flowering, but there are many female flowers, and the length of day is 14 hours, mostly male flowers. Ramie fiber is composed of cellulose, and the light intensity and sunshine hours per day have great influence on fiber yield. When the sunshine is insufficient, the photosynthesis is weakened, the stem is weakened, the hemp skin is thinned, the fiber cell wall is thinned, the process maturity is delayed, and the yield is reduced. However, too strong sunlight, high temperature and drought will also inhibit the growth of hemp plants, lignify cells and reduce the quality and yield of flax.

Biological characteristics of ramie

Ramie is a perennial crop. Planting ramie once can bring many years of benefits. Some hemp areas have rich hemp gardens for one or two hundred years. According to the performance of productivity, the whole life cycle of ramie can be divided into young age, strong age and old age

The young age is generally only one or two years, and both the ground and underground parts are growing. Relatively speaking, the underground part grows faster. In the second year of planting hemp, the weight gain of hemp is 6 times if the traditional splitting propagation method is adopted, while in the second year of planting hemp, the weight gain of hemp is more than 800 times if the bud cutting propagation method successfully studied by Hunan Agricultural College is adopted. This is because marijuana has the characteristics of "the smaller it is cut, the faster it grows". The mature ramie is plump, with well-developed underground stems and roots, many effective plants, tall and stout plants, neat growth and high yield. The length of strong age is greatly influenced by the ecological environment and the level of cultivation techniques. Generally speaking, 30 to 40 years in mountainous areas and 0 to 20 years in lake areas/kloc-0. However, in hemp plantations with suitable ecological conditions and reasonable cultivation, the strong age is much longer. For example, Yongshun County and Jiahe County in our province are 230 years and 150 years respectively, and the hilly area of Yuanjiang County in the lake area is also 80 years. But there is also a cannabis plantation that declines after three to five years. In old ramie, the roots and underground stems are crowded, and there are many weak ramie-deficient plants, so the yield of ramie is reduced and the yield is low. According to the different aging degree and aging reasons, different measures such as renewal or replanting are taken.

The harvest times of ramie in a year are mainly determined by the climatic conditions in different regions and also related to the cultivation measures. For example, in the Philippines, it is generally harvested five times a year. After improving fertilizer and water management, you can harvest thirteen times in two years. South China in China generally receives three or four times a year, while Central China generally receives three times a year. However, after changing management measures, the income can be increased once. Take Changsha, Hunan as an example. Generally, it is harvested three times a year, the first hemp is about 90 days, the second hemp is 50-60 days, and the third hemp is 70-80 days. Judging from the growth speed of aboveground stems, the growth of the head hemp was slow from early March to early April, and began to grow rapidly in mid-April, reaching a peak in mid-May, and the growth of stem height slowed down in the middle and late May. This is mainly the stage of fiber development and maturity. At the end of May and the beginning of June, the marijuana harvest was completed. It shows the growth characteristics from slow to fast, and then from fast to slow. The second hemp and the third hemp grow rapidly in the early stage of seedling, and the stem height reaches more than 80% of the height at harvest in about one month. After that, the stem length increased slowly, while the stem diameter and bark thickness were still increasing, showing the growth characteristics from fast to slow. Sanma began to sprout from the middle and late August. In the end, the male flowers germinate first and the female flowers germinate last. Seed 65438+matured in early February.

When the local upper part of hemp grows every season, the underground part also grows correspondingly, but when the local upper part grows vigorously, the growth of the underground part is inhibited and the growth rate slows down. On the contrary, when the aboveground part grows slowly, the underground part grows faster and the relative growth rate reaches the peak. Three peaks of 10 appeared in the relative growth curve of hemp in late May, late July and early June, respectively. This is the period when the underground growth of ramie is accelerated and the fiber accumulation is more.

Ecological conditions suitable for ramie growth

Ramie is a tropical and subtropical crop. The optimum temperature for seed germination is 25-30℃, and it cannot germinate below 6℃. Underground stems can germinate and emerge only when the temperature rises to about 9℃, and cannot germinate and emerge below 6℃. Seedlings can't stand low temperature, and when the temperature drops to 0℃, they will freeze to death. The seedlings with underground stems have strong cold tolerance, even if they are subjected to low temperature of 0℃, they will not freeze to death, but with the growth of seedlings, the cold tolerance will decrease. When the first frost is more than 5-6 inches, the seedlings of Cephalotaxus will be frozen and the growing point will die, resulting in branching, foot numbness and poor growth. If the height of the pole exceeds 1 ft, the damage will be more serious. In the mature stage of hemp fiber, if the temperature is lower than 65438 07℃, it is not good for fiber development. After severe frost in winter, the above-ground parts freeze to death, and the underground stems are still slowly growing and sprouting, but the underground stems are not resistant to long-term low temperature, and will freeze to death when the local temperature is lower than 3-5℃. Cultivating soil in winter can not only prevent freezing injury, but also help the growth of roots and underground stems, laying the foundation for the growth of hemp in the coming year. Cutting buds and raising seedlings in autumn and covering seedbeds with soil (straw or plastic film) are powerful measures to prevent freezing and overwintering.

Ramie has strong adaptability to soil. Ramie can be planted in various soils in plains, lakes, hills and mountainous areas. The most suitable soils are sandy loam, clay loam and humus. The Ramie Research Institute of Hunan Agricultural College studied the ecological environment, soil physical and chemical properties and mineralogy of the main ramie producing areas in Hunan Province. It is found that the soil developed on Paleozoic sedimentary rocks at the foot of hills and valleys has high yield and good quality of ramie. The yield of ramie increased with the increase of soil thickness, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and available phosphorus. The increase of potassium, water-soluble boron and manganese in soil is beneficial to the increase of fiber count. The fiber number in acid soil also increases with the increase of cation exchange capacity and replaceable calcium ion content.

The pH of soil also has a great influence on ramie yield. Ramie plants in acidic soil (PH 4.4) have short growth, few ramets, slow development of fiber cells and low yield. In strongly alkaline soil (PH 8.0), the plants grow poorly, the fiber cells are short, the cell wall is thick and the yield is low. When the soil PH value is about 6.0-7.0, the plants grow healthily and the fiber yield is high.

Rainfall and its distribution are one of the important factors that determine ramie growth and fiber yield. Ramie requires annual rainfall of more than 800 mm, and it is evenly distributed. The relative humidity of the atmosphere should be above 80%. Short-term drought affects the output of cannabis in the current season, while long-term drought not only reduces the annual output, but also affects the development of cannabis, causing withering. The annual rainfall in our province is generally above 1300mm, with abundant rainfall but uneven seasonal distribution. There are many spring rains in one hemp, while the second hemp and the third hemp are often affected by drought, and the yield of hemp in the three seasons is extremely unbalanced. Especially in mountainous and hilly areas, the groundwater level is low, and if there is no irrigation condition, the output of second and third hemp is often lower than that of first hemp.

The demand of ramie for soil moisture is 20-24% of the maximum soil water holding capacity, that is, 80-85%. Less drought and more waterlogging are bad for ramie. Lake area should pay special attention to waterlogging. The hemp field is waterlogged, the underground respiration of ramie is blocked, and the spread of germs produces a large number of harmful substances such as hydrogen sulfide and reducing bivalent iron and manganese, which leads to no harvest and reduced production.

Soil and water conservation of ramie

China's sloping farmland is about 320 million mu, and the southern sloping farmland is about 65.438+0.6 million mu, accounting for 50% of the country. Slope farmland in China is widely distributed, with large area and high sediment yield. The engineering measure of "changing slope into ladder" is mainly adopted in the management of sloping farmland in south China, and the investment per mu needs at least 1000 ~ 3000 yuan, which cannot be completely solved by the state financial resources in a limited time. Ramie has been planted in sloping farmland in southern China for a long time. Because of its developed leaves and roots, the effect of controlling soil erosion is remarkable. In 1986- 1989, the observation results are as follows: in the first year of planting, the runoff coefficient and erosion intensity of ramie land are basically the same as those of the original sloping farmland; Since the second year of planting ramie, the annual runoff coefficient is less than 0.06, and the annual soil erosion intensity is less than 19t/km2, so ramie has a good role in soil and water conservation. At the same time, it is also an excellent economic plant, which can be used to develop hemp textiles. Ramie is a plant measure for sloping farmland in southern China, which is cost-saving, effective, economical and practical, in line with China's national strength, and has a very broad promotion prospect.

Planting ramie-reducing soil erosion

The experimental observation data of Wumutan Soil and Water Conservation Observatory in Dazhu County and Suining Soil and Water Conservation Station located in the hilly area in the middle of the basin show that in the first year of planting ramie, the soil loss on the five-degree slope farmland decreased from moderate to light, and the annual soil erosion per square kilometer decreased from 4,095 tons to 2 10 tons (down 95%), which belongs to the allowable loss range (less than or equal to 500): from the second year, In the first year of planting ramie on the sloping farmland of 15 degree, the soil loss decreased from extreme intensity to slight, and the annual soil erosion per square kilometer decreased from 1 1040 tons to 725.4 tons, a decrease of 93.4%. Since the second year, the annual soil erosion per square kilometer is less than 6 tons. In the first year of planting ramie on the 25-degree sloping farmland, the soil loss decreased from violent to intense, and the annual soil loss per square kilometer decreased from 19725 tons to 5529 tons, a decrease of 72%. Since the second year, the annual soil erosion per square kilometer is less than 20 tons.

Slope cultivated land for planting vegetables (bare land in the picture is the vegetable planting land that has just been harvested)

Slope farmland for planting ramie

Cause analysis of soil and water conservation of ramie

1, ramie has developed root system and strong soil fixation. Ramie is a deep-rooted plant. Radish roots are thick and long, with many roots and deep burial, which can generally reach more than 50 cm. Most of the fine roots are distributed in the plough layer of about 35 cm, which is particularly strong in fixing the soil and has a good effect of keeping the soil from losing.

2. Ramie has high coverage and long time. Ramie stems are tall and dense, generally about 2m, up to 3m, with each nest 10-20 tillers and dozens of sparse plants. Ramie grows three seasons a year, and the upper and lower seasons are closely connected with each other, with short interval time. Generally, after 7- 10 days in the last season, ramie can sprout in the next season, and after 15-20 days, it can grow to 1.0- 1.2m, with large leaves and once green leaves, which are very dense. Mulching ramie can not only reduce water evaporation, keep soil moist, reduce soil erosion and surface runoff, but also be beneficial to ramie growth.

3. Improve coverage and reduce ground erosion. After ramie is stripped and threshed every season, hemp stalks and leaves are returned to the field and directly covered on the surface of ramie field, which can not only improve the soil fertility, but also prevent the topsoil from being washed by heavy rain when the coverage of ramie is low after harvest, improve the ground coverage, reduce the erosivity of heavy rain, enhance the anti-erosion and infiltration ability of soil and reduce the loss of topsoil.

4. Ramie has been planted for one year and benefited for many years. Ramie is not only a deep-rooted plant, but also a perennial plant with strong regeneration ability. Planting in three seasons a year, year after year, has benefits in that year. In rainy season, only intertillage is generally used for weeding, and no deep ploughing is needed. Every winter, the weeds, straws and fallen leaves are buried in rows of ramie fields, which not only solves the organic fertilizer needed for ramie growth, but also loosens the soil. Ramie doesn't need deep ploughing and multiple cropping, it is planted once a year, which benefits for many years and has the best effect of soil and water conservation.

Comparative Analysis of Soil and Water Conservation among Ramie, Fruit Forest and Soil and Water Conservation Forest

1, make erosion comparison. Through the observation of ramie and sparse young forest for soil and water conservation in 1986- 1989, from the second year of planting ramie, the annual runoff coefficient is less than 0.06, and the annual soil erosion intensity is less than 19t/km2. The effect of soil and water conservation is equivalent to that of sparse young forest with 20 degrees planted for 5-7 years.

2. Time comparison. Ramie is a perennial plant with strong regeneration ability. It grows rapidly three seasons a year. I planted it that year and achieved good results that year. In the first year, the yield per mu of dry hemp can reach about 80 kg, and in the second year, it will enter a high-yield period, with the yield per mu 150-200 kg. The growth period of ramie is very long, generally more than 50 years. As long as the variety is not changed, ramie can grow year after year and is a long-term economic crop. If planted in fruit forest, it usually takes 3-5 years to enter the high-yield period, and the canopy density can only reach 70-80&, while ramie 1 year enters the high-yield period, and the canopy density can reach100%; Generally, the fruit forest will be degraded in about 10 years, and new varieties or grafted seedlings need to be replaced. Large investment is also unfavorable to soil and water conservation. Ramie can be regenerated forever, and the yield will not decrease. Although the benefits of returning farmland to plant trees are also very good, the trees grow slowly in the first ten years, and generally it will take ten years to receive obvious economic benefits. After thinning, replanting is needed, and the investment is increased accordingly. In ten years, the tree canopy density can only reach about 70%. Therefore, planting fruit trees and trees is not a measure of "blowing rice", but planting ramie has the advantages of less investment, short time, quick effect, high coverage, strong corrosion resistance and good soil and water conservation effect.

To sum up, it is an effective plant measure and way to rationally utilize water and soil resources, do a good job in soil and water conservation, and control soil and water loss on sloping farmland by planting ramie in a planned way in deforested land and sloping farmland above 25, and planting ramie in areas with more sloping farmland and rich food, and it is also a short, flat and fast economic crop with less investment, short time, quick effect and large coverage. Hemp fiber is a good material for spinning. With the development of technology and industry, there is a great demand for hemp fiber. Therefore, planting ramie can not only meet the social needs, but also maintain soil erosion; It has ecological, economic and social benefits, and is a plant measure and an effective way to control soil erosion.

Economic value of ramie

First, the purpose of fiber weaving

(1) Among all kinds of bast fibers, ramie fiber is the longest and the thinnest. The fiber length is two or three times to six or seven times longer than that of top grade cotton.

(2) After degumming and refining, the fiber looks white and silky.

(3) Ramie fiber structure has large gaps, good air permeability, fast heat transfer, high water absorption and fast moisture dissipation, so ramie fabric has a cool feeling.

(4) Ramie fiber has high strength and low elongation. Seven or eight times stronger than cotton.

(5) Ramie fiber is not easy to be corroded by mold and eaten by insects, and its weight is light. Compared with ramie cloth with the same volume, ramie cloth is 20% lighter.

The production of ramie cloth consists of 65,438+02 manual processes, including planting, soaking, peeling, rinsing (sun exposure and night dew), finishing, stringing, twisting, carding, pulping and spinning. Because ramie, the raw material for summer cloth, contains heavy gum and is irregular, it can't be produced on a large scale by machine, and the production is affected by the weather, and its value doubles. Widely used in clothing, home textiles, home, shoes and hats, door curtains, curtains, bedding, sofas, pillows, cushions, placemats, tablecloths, wall hangings, lampshades, bags, health care products, etc. Creative designers can design and manufacture home, cultural, tourism and decorative products with brand-new ideas, which are made of various summer cloths.

Hand-made summer cloth: Because of its long and strong fiber, it is warm in winter and cool in summer, and it is "as light as cicada, as thin as rice paper, as flat as water mirror and as thin as silk". It was once listed as tribute cloth by successive dynasties, and became a favorite treasure of the royal family and dignitaries, and won the gold medal of the Paris International Expo in the 1930s.

(1) Hand-made summer cloth is firm and crisp, breathable and sweat-wicking, good in moisture absorption, strong in fat transfer and heat transfer, comfortable and cool to wear, small in shrinkage, strong in coloring, difficult to deform and fade, and easy to wash and dry;

(2) Hand-made summer cloth can be antifouling and antistatic, and it is not easy to absorb dust;

(3) Hand-made summer cloth can inhibit the growth of bacteria, and clothes and bedding made of it have antibacterial and health care functions.

Second, use leaves, roots, bones and shells-feed, resin and plastic desert.

Ramie leaf is a kind of feed with high protein content and rich nutrition. Hemp root contains the medicinal component of "ramie acid", which has the functions of nourishing yin, preventing miscarriage, treating prenatal and postnatal care and treating furuncle. Hemp bones can be used as raw materials for paper making, or made into fiberboard, which can be used for furniture and board walls. Hemp bones can also be used to make wine and sugar. Cannabis husk can be degummed to extract fiber, which can be used in textile, paper making or ship repairing. Furfural can be extracted from the hemp hull scraped from fresh hemp skin. Furfural is a refined liquid in chemical industry and also a resin plastic.

Third, the aboveground part-extracting ethanol

The aboveground parts of ramie can be used to extract ethanol.

Relevant statistics show that in 1987, the planting area of ramie in China reached 7.747 million mu, including 2.89 million mu in Hunan Province alone, while the total planting area of ramie in China is only over 2 million mu at present. Some ramie processing enterprises have also closed down. The development of ramie has encountered unprecedented difficulties. Through this publicity, we will promote the development of ramie industry, promote soil erosion control of sloping farmland in the south, increase farmers' income and promote the construction of new socialist countryside.