The Story of Sima Xiangru —— A Prosperous Writer

The Story of Sima Xiangru —— A Prosperous Writer

Personal data:

Sima Xiangru (about BC 179- BC 1 18) was a Han 'an native of Ba County (now Peng 'an County, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province). Born in Shu County (now Chengdu, Sichuan), he was a poet in the Western Han Dynasty and an outstanding representative in China's cultural, historical and literary history.

When Jingdi is a martial artist, he is free from illness. Gong Ci Fu, the representative work is Zi Xufu. His works are rich in rhetoric and grand in structure. He is a representative writer of Han Fu, and later he was called Fu Sheng and Ci Zong. The love story between him and Zhuo Wenjun is also widely circulated. Lu Xun's "Outline of the History of China Literature" also commented on these two men in a special section, pointing out: "When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a scholar, he gave it to Murray Sima Xiangru and Wen Ruo Sima Qian."

Anecdotal allusions:

The origin of dogs and sons

"Dog" was originally a nickname for Sima Xiangru, but later it became an obscure name for his son. What happened?

According to Tai Shigong's Records of the Historian, Sima Xiangru "studied fencing hard when he was young, so his real name was' Dog Son'". In other words, "dog" is actually his real name, or his first name. Just like "two hairs" and "little fat", it is difficult to be elegant. When I grew up, I didn't like his name and admired Lin Xiangru, so I changed my name to Xiangru.

At first, the name "dog" didn't actually mean a nickname. It's just that Sima Xiangru's parents chose a humble word to name it to avoid ghosts. But because Sima Xiangru changed his name when he grew up, "Dog Son" became a nickname.

As Sima Xiangru became more and more famous, the "son of a dog" became more and more known. Since then, due to the great historical and cultural influence of Sima Xiangru, people have modestly called themselves "sons of bitches" and used the word "sons of bitches" one after another, scrambling to follow suit, being arty, and becoming an unconscious habit in China's daily language.

Wen Jun runs at night.

Sima Xiangru, a great genius of Han Dynasty in Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun, served as a martial artist for Jingdi. Frustrated, he resigned and returned to his hometown of Lin Qiong, Sichuan. On one occasion, he went to Lin Qiongfu's home, Zhuo Wangsun, to attend a banquet. Zhuo Wangsun has a divorced daughter named Wen Jun. Because we have heard so much about each other, we spy on each other from the screen. Sima Xiangru pretended not to know, but when invited to play the piano, he took the opportunity to play a song "Phoenix Begging for Phoenix" to convey his love, because Sima Xiangru also heard Zhuo Wenjun's name earlier. Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun fell in love and eloped hand in hand that night. Sima Xiangru was penniless, and Wen Jun didn't give her a penny because Zhuo Wangsun was angry about his corruption. The two had to sell everything and return to Lin Qiong to open a small hotel. Wen Jun sells wine as a handyman every day. Later, Zhuo Wangsun deeply felt sorry for his daughter and was moved by their true feelings, so he sent them millions of money and 100 servants. "Miscellanies of Xijing" records that after Sima Xiangru seized power, he wanted to marry a Maoling woman. When Zhuo Wenjun learned this, he wrote a poem "Whitehead Poetry" to express his sadness, which made Xiangru give up the idea of marrying a concubine. The poem reads: "Like snow on the mountain, like the moon between clouds. I heard that you have two hearts, so I came to break up with you. Today is like the last party, and tomorrow we will break up. I moved my feet slowly along the edge of the road, and my past life flowed like water in a ditch, never returning. This is sad, when you get married, you don't have to cry; I am full of thinking that if I marry a person with a heart, I can love each other and be happy forever. The bamboo pole is curled and the fish tail is twisted. A man's heart is heavy, why use a money knife! "

Qin Ming Lv Qi

Liang Wang admired Sima Xiangru very much and asked him to write a Jade Fu as a gift. This poem has gorgeous words and extraordinary charm. Liang Wang was so happy that he returned his collection of "Green Chess" pianos. "Luqi" is a famous piano handed down from ancient times, and there is an inscription on it saying: "Tongzi combines essence".

If you get "green", you will get a treasure. His superb piano skills and the wonderful timbre of "Luqi" made the piano "Luqi" famous for a while. Later, "Luqi" became another name for Guqin.

The green in the idiom "Happiness and Green Qi" refers to the story that Sima Xiangru picked Wen Jun with a green Chyi Chin. The idiom refers to the ancient strange girl, who was able to know celebrities in popular customs and dared to pursue his own happiness.

Character life:

Early experience

Sima Xiangru Sima Xiangru, formerly known as Sima Changqing, was renamed because he admired Lin Xiangru, a famous figure in the Warring States Period. According to research, Sima Xiangru was born in Ba County (now Peng 'an County, Nanchong City, Sichuan Province) Han An; On the other hand, according to Sima Qian's Biography of Historical Records and Sima Xiangru, it is Shu County (now Chengdu, Sichuan) (Sima Xiangru's real name is Changqing, and he was born in Pengzhou, Shu County). When I was a teenager, I liked reading and practicing swords. When I was in my twenties, I took money as my lang and became a military servant of Emperor Han Jing. However, these are not my hobbies, so I have a sigh that I can't meet my confidant. Jingdi was not good at ci-fu. It was not until Liang Xiaowang and Liu Wu came to North Korea that Sima Xiangru was able to make friends with ci-fu writers such as Zou Yang, Meicheng and Zhuang Ji. Later, he resigned due to illness and went to Emperor Liang to work with these like-minded scribes. At this time, he wrote the famous Zi Xufu for Liang Wang, which was appreciated by Emperor Wu.

Provoke each other's love and express love.

After Liu Wu's death, Sima Xiangru left Liangdi and returned to Lin Qiong, Sichuan (now Qionglai, which belongs to Chengdu, Sichuan), where he lived in poverty. Lin Qiong ordered Wang Ji to make friends with Xiang Ru, and said to him, "Changqing, you have been away from home for a long time, and you are not satisfied with asking for an official. You can come and see me. " So Xiangru lived in Lin Qiong Pavilion, and Wang Ji visited Xiangru every day. If Xiang Ru is ill, Ji Wang is even more respectful.

Lin Qiongfu, Zhuo Wangsun, learned that "(county) has a distinguished guest" and gave a banquet to entertain the guests. Xiang Ru deliberately said that he was ill and couldn't go. Ji Wang greeted him personally, and Xiang Ru had to go to dinner. "Sit down and do your best." When the wine is warm and the ears are hot, like a song "Phoenix Begging for Phoenix", it expresses the affection for Zhuo Wenjun, the newly widowed daughter whom Zhuo Wangsun has admired for a long time. Wen Jun recognized Sima Xiangru's piano and looked at him secretly through the crack of the door. He is attracted by his style, demeanor and talent, and he also has admiration. After the banquet, Xiang Ru expressed his thoughts through Wen Jun's maids. So Wen Jun ran away from home in the middle of the night and eloped with Xiangru to Chengdu. Sun was furious and claimed that his daughter had violated the ethical code, but he couldn't bear to hurt her, but he wouldn't even give her a copper coin.

Sima Xiangru's family is very poor. He has nothing but four walls. Zhuo Wenjun lived in Chengdu for a while and said to Sima Xiangru, "In fact, as long as you come to Lin Qiong with me and borrow some money from my brothers, we can try to make ends meet." Sima Xiangru listened to her words and went to Lin Qiong with her. They sold their horses and chariots as capital and opened a hotel. Zhuo Wenjun sells wine and is in charge of store affairs; Sima Xiangru wears an apron and washes cups and dishes with everyone.

Zhuo Wangsun was deeply ashamed when he heard the news. He was ashamed to meet people and didn't dare to go out all day. His brothers and elders advised him, "You only have one son and two daughters, and you are not short of money. Now that Wen Jun has entrusted himself to Sima Xiangru, Sima Xiangru doesn't want to go out to be an official. Although his family is poor, he is a talent after all. Wen Jun's life was finally supported. Moreover, he is also a guest of our county magistrate. How can you make him so embarrassed? " Sun had no choice but to give a hundred slaves and millions of copper coins, and to send her clothes, quilts and belongings when she got married. As a result, Zhuo Wenjun and Sima Xiangru both returned to Chengdu, bought houses in farmland and lived a rich life.

Emperor Wu's appreciation

After a long time between Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun, Jingdi died and Emperor Liu Che came to power. Liu Che once saw Zi Xufu and liked it very much. He thought it was written by the ancients and lamented that it could not be contemporary with the author. Yang Deyi, the dog warden (the hound in charge of the emperor) who served at that time, was from Shu. He said to him, "This gift is from my fellow countryman." Liu Che was pleasantly surprised and immediately called Sima Xiangru to Beijing. Sima Xiangru told Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: "Zi Xufu only wrote about hunting the king, which is nothing. Please allow me to write another article about the emperor's hunting. This is Shang, which is similar to Zixu Fu in content. Not only the content can be connected, but also the words and expressions are more gorgeous. This poem takes "Zi Xu", "Mr. Wu" and "Death for the Public" as disguised characters and questions and answers as settings, aiming at safeguarding national unity, opposing the extravagance of the empire, praising the unparalleled prestige of the unified empire, satirizing the supreme ruler, and creating a basic theme of the great fu in the Han Dynasty. As soon as this task came out, it was named Lang.

Quyelang

In the sixth year of Jianyuan (135 BC), Xiang Ru served as a Langguan for several years, just as Tang Meng was ordered to plunder Kaiyelang and its Xibo, and recruited thousands of officials from Ba and Shu counties, and more than 10,000 people from West County for its land and water transportation. He also killed the guards with wartime laws and regulations, which greatly shocked and frightened the Bashu people. Hearing this, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Xiang Ru to blame Tang Meng, and took this opportunity to tell the people of Bashu that what they did was not the original intention of Qin Shihuang. There, he issued a notice of "eight techniques and eight techniques" and adopted the method of combining kindness and kindness, which achieved good results.

Xiang Ru completed his mission and returned to Beijing to report to Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Tang Meng plundered Yelang and opened it. He took the opportunity to open the road to the southwest, recruiting from Pakistan, Shu and Guanghan. Thousands of people took part in the road construction. The road was built for two years, but it was not finished. Many foot soldiers died and spent hundreds of millions of dollars. People in Shu had many rivals with those in power in Han Dynasty. At this time, the monarchs of Qionglai and Ruan heard that Nanyi was related to the Han Dynasty and got a lot of rewards, so most of them wanted to be courtiers of the Han Dynasty, hoping to compare the treatment of Nanyi and ask the Han Dynasty to appoint them as official posts. When the emperor asked Xiang Ru about it, Xiang Ru said, "Qiong (Qiong), Zuo (Yesterday), Ran and Mang (Busy) are all close to Shu, and the road is easy to open. Counties were established in the Qin Dynasty, and they were not abolished until the founding of the Han Dynasty. Now it is really necessary to reopen the county, and its value exceeds that of Nanyi. " The emperor thought Xiangru was right, so he appointed Xiangru as a corps commander and ordered him to observe the festival and go to the embassy. Yu, Hu, Lu and so on. Riding four horses, driving a Mercedes, relying on the official property of Pakistan and Shu, I traveled all over the southwest. When Xiang Ru and others arrived in Shu County, the magistrate of Shu County and its subordinate officials greeted Xiang Ru in the suburbs, and the county magistrate led the way with bows and arrows, which made Shu people proud. So Zhuo Wangsun and Lin Qiong came to Xiangru's door by virtue of their relationship, offering cows and wine to Xiangru and talking about joy. Sun sighed and thought it was too late to marry his daughter, so he gave him a rich fortune to share with his son. Sima Xiangru suppressed the barbarians in the southwest. The monarchs of Qiong, Ru, Ran, Yan, and other countries all demanded to be courtiers of the Han Dynasty. So the old pass was demolished, and the border pass was expanded, reaching Moshui and Ruoshui in the west and Tsui Hark in the south. Taking this as the boundary, Lingguan Road was opened, and a bridge was built in Sun Mizunokami, connecting Qionglai and Ruwa directly. Xiang Ru returned to Beijing to report to the emperor, and the emperor was particularly happy. One of his "difficult Shu fathers" explained the truth of getting along with ethnic minorities in the form of answering questions. His vigorous and beautiful writing and careful reasoning successfully persuaded everyone, enabled ethnic minorities to cooperate with the Han court and made contributions to the development of the southwest frontier. Unfortunately, the good times did not last long. He was accused of taking bribes and was removed from office. At the age of 18, he was re-enabled and still served as a Langguan.

Amazing poetry

I like stuttering, but I am good at writing articles. After he married Zhuo Wenjun, he was very rich. As an official, he is unwilling to discuss state affairs with officials. Because of diabetes, I often stay at home because of illness, and I don't admire official positions. He once went hunting in Changyang Palace with the emperor. At this time, the son of heaven likes to kill bears and pigs himself, gallop wild animals, and admonish people like walking on the ground. Liu Che thinks he is right. Xiang Ru paid tribute to Liu Che, mourned what Qin Ershi had done, and exhorted Liu Che.

Xiang Ru was awarded the order of Emperor Wendi's Cemetery. Emperor Wu praised Zi Xu's story and saw that the emperor liked Xiandao very much. He took the opportunity to say: "The story of going to the forest is not the best, there are more beautiful things. I once wrote "Adult Fu", but I haven't finished it yet. Please allow me to write it and dedicate it to the emperor. " Xiangru thought that the legendary immortal lived in a deep mountain swamp, and his physical appearance was particularly thin. This is not the immortal in the emperor's mind, so he wrote "Adult Fu".

Exemption due to illness

In the fifth year of Yuanshou (1 18 BC), Xiang Ru was removed from his official position due to illness and lived in Maoling. The son of heaven said, "Sima Xiangru is very ill, so you can send someone to get all his books back;" If you don't do this, you will lose it in the future. "He sent Zhong Zhong to Mauling, as if he were dead, and there were no books at home. When asked about his wife, she replied, "Evergreen has never had a book. He always writes books and others always take them away, so his home is always empty. Changqing wrote a book when he was still alive. He said that if a messenger came to get it, he would present it. There are no other books. "The book he left behind is about Zen and dedicated to his loyalty. Zhong Zhong dedicated the book to the son of heaven, and the son of heaven was amazed at his book.

Xiang Ru's other works, such as Ping (Wei, Wei) Book, Wu Zi Nan, and The Book of Grass and Trees, are not listed here, but his particularly famous works among his ministers are listed here.

Character evaluation:

Sima Xiangru is an outstanding representative in China's cultural and literary history, a great writer and an outstanding politician during the Western Han Dynasty and Emperor Wu. He was called "Ci Zong" by Ban Gu and Liu Xie, and was "sanctified" by scholars such as Lin Wenxuan, Wang Yinglin and Wang Shizhen. At the same time, Sima Xiangru went to Southwest China to unite all ethnic groups in Dahan, and was called "frontier hero", which went down in history. Sima Xiangru and Zhuo Wenjun's bold pursuit of free and happy love and marriage, regardless of the shackles of feudal ethics, interpreted the love classics of free love as far away as BC, and were known as "the top ten classic love in the world", which was well-known at home and abroad. According to their love story, later generations composed the piano music "Yellow", which has been handed down to this day. Zhang Hu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Qin Ge, Sima Xiangru", saying, "The phoenix is like a phoenix, it has no burning, and there is no way for mountains and rivers to be suspicious, and there is another village. The phoenix tree is sunny in the morning and the feathers are weak and the water is high. "

Lu Xun's Outline of the History of China Literature commented on Sima Xiangru and Sima Qian in a special section, pointing out: "When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was studying, he gave Murray Sima Xiangru and Wen Ruo Sima Qian."