The laudatory name of Wuhan

The mighty Yangtze River meets its longest tributary, Hanshui, in the hinterland of Sanchu, creating a magnificent Wuhan with two rivers separated and three towns interacting. It is located at the eastern edge of Jianghan Plain, and the hills in southeastern Hubei fluctuate between lakes and swamps in Ye Ping. Tortoise and snake are sandwiched between two mountains, and a series of boats on the river are woven in Sri Lanka.

The Yellow Crane Tower is a masterpiece of classical and modern casting, poetic and artistic architecture. At the intersection of mountains and rivers, she embodies the folk customs of the Chinese nation, the spatial consciousness of being close to nature and the philosophical concept of advocating the universe. Climbing the Yellow Crane Tower will not only make you feel happy, but also make your mind and the image of the universe penetrate and blend with each other, thus purifying your mind. This is probably the reason why the beautiful charm of the Yellow Crane Tower has experienced wind and rain and the sun and the moon.

The development of history

The Yellow Crane Tower, towering above the Snake Mountain in Wuchang, enjoys the reputation of "the best scenery in the world", and is also called "the three famous buildings in the south of the Yangtze River" with Yueyang Tower in Hunan and Wangtengting Pavilion in Jiangxi. The Yellow Crane Tower was built in the Three Kingdoms Period in the second year of Wu (AD 223). Legend has it that it was built for military purposes. Sun Quan built a city to defend himself and looked forward to "ruling the country by force" (hence the name of Wuchang). By the Tang Dynasty, its military nature had gradually evolved into a famous scenic spot, which was visited by literati of all dynasties, leaving many well-known poems. Cui Hao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote: "In ancient times, yellow cranes carried saints to heaven, but today there is no yellow crane tower. The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years. Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass. But I looked home, the twilight was getting thicker, and the river waves were filled with sad mist. " Becoming a swan song throughout the ages has also made the Yellow Crane Tower famous.

The Yellow Crane Tower, known as one of the three major buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, was originally located in Fantou of Yellow Crane in Sheshan, Wuchang, Hubei. According to legend, it was built in the second year of Wu in the Three Kingdoms (AD 223). After repeated construction and destruction for more than 700 years, it was finally destroyed by a fire in the tenth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1884). This famous building is full of legends, which makes it even more magical.

According to Lu, the Yellow Crane Tower was originally a hotel opened by the Xin family. Before leaving, a Taoist drew a crane on the wall to thank her for her thousand cups and told her that it could come down and dance for fun. From then on, the guests were full and the business was booming. 10 years later, the Taoist priest came back and played with a flute. The Taoist priest set foot on the yellow crane and went straight to the sky. In memory of the fairy who helped her get rich, Xin's family built a building in her place and named it "Yellow Crane Tower".

There are three different stories about this beautiful fairy tale over the years. The first thought the fairy was Huang Zi 'an, the second thought it was Fei Yi, and the third didn't have the fairy's name. They are described as follows:

At first, I thought it was the fairy Huang Zian:

According to the "Southern Zhou County Records", "According to legend, there are immortals driving yellow cranes here, hence the name. It is pointed out that the origin of the naming of Yellow Crane Tower is that there was once a fairy named Zi 'an who passed by this place by yellow crane, so it was named Yellow Crane Tower.

Second, thought it was fairy princess:

According to the "Atlas", "Yesterday, Fei Yi went to the immortals, tested the Yellow Crane, and still rested here, so it became a famous building. It is believed that the origin of the naming of the Yellow Crane Tower means that Fei Yi, who was dismembered as a fairy queen, returned with a yellow crane and rested in this building, so it was named Yellow Crane Tower.

"Taiping Universe" said: "Shu Fei Wenxian ascended the immortal and wanted to drive the Yellow Crane to rest here." This points out that Fei Yi is a native of Shu, and the word "Wen" with Fei Yi is added in front of him. In Biography of the Three Kingdoms of Shu, there is a man named Fei Yi, whose body is immortal. Is it this Shu Fei Wenwei? Because there are no other records, it is unknown, but because they are all myths and legends, there will be some discrepancies in the records.

Third, say it's a fairy:

This legend is recorded in detail, and it comes from karma. The original text is: "Xin used to sell wine as a business. When a gentleman came, he was tall and in rags. He said quietly to Xin, "Can you drink? Xin didn't dare to quit and drank a big glass. When I was half a year old, the Xin family enjoyed it. One day, Mr. Xin called him and said that he owed wine and he couldn't pay you. So he took a small basket of orange peels and drew a crane on the wall. It was yellow. The sitter clapped his hands and blew, and the yellow crane danced with the law. Everyone paid money to see it. 10 years later, when the Xin family was exhausted, Mr. Hou came to the table. Xin thanked him and said that he was willing to provide him with the best. Mr. Wang said with a smile, "Why did I suddenly take a flute and play a few tricks for it?" After a while, white clouds fell from the sky and painted cranes. The king rode over the crane and built a building in Xin's house, named Yellow Crane. " 」

The general idea of this myth is that there used to be a Mr. Xin who sold wine on weekdays. One day, a guest came. He looked poor, but he was dressed in rags. He calmly asked Mr. Xin if he could give me a glass of wine. Mr. Xin didn't neglect each other's rags, and quickly filled a large glass of wine. After half a year, Mr. Xin didn't seem bored because the guests couldn't afford the drinks, and he still invited the guests to drink every day. One day, the guest said to Mr. Xin: I owe you a lot of money for drinks, and I can't pay it back. So I took out the orange peel from the basket and drew a yellow crane on the wall. Then I beat my hands and sang a song. The yellow crane on the wall dances with the song and the beat. Other guests in the hotel paid to watch this wonderful event. Ten years have passed and Mr. Xin has accumulated a lot of wealth. One day, the ragged guest drifted to the hotel again. Mr. Xin came forward to thank him and said, I am willing to support you according to your wishes. The guest smiled and replied, Where did I get this? Then he took out his flute and played some songs. Before long, I saw white clouds falling from the sky, drawing cranes in Bai Yunfei for the guests. The guests climbed onto the crane's back and went to heaven by Bai Yunfei. In order to thank and commemorate this guest, Mr. Xin built a building here, named Yellow Crane Tower.

These three myths not only explain the origin of the naming of the Yellow Crane Tower, but also give us good enlightenment. Because Mr. Xin, the owner of the hotel, doesn't care much about poverty, loves money and doesn't judge a book by its cover, he got help from the gods and became a rich man.

The above are of course myths and legends. I was here during the Three Kingdoms period; The building on the top of Lujiang Mountain was originally built for military needs, and later it gradually became a tourist attraction for literati to meet, entertain guests, make friends, recite poems and enjoy the scenery. Celebrities of past dynasties, such as Cui Hao, Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Jia Dao, Xia Song, Lu You, etc. , has been here, poetry as fu. Cui Hao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, climbed the Yellow Crane Tower to enjoy the scenery and wrote a masterpiece handed down from generation to generation. A long time ago, the place where the Yellow Crane carried the saints to heaven is now only the Yellow Crane Tower. The yellow crane does not return to the world, and the clouds are empty. Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass. But I looked at my hometown, and the twilight was getting thicker, and the mist of sadness was filled on the river waves. "Later, Li Bai also boarded the Yellow Crane Tower and looked at Chutian, with an open mind and great poetic interest. When he was about to start writing poems, he saw Cui Hao's poems. He felt ashamed and had to say, "There is no road in front of him, and Cui Hao wrote a poem on it. "Cui Hao wrote a poem, and Li Bai put pen to paper. Since then, he has gained great fame.

By the first year of Yongtai in the Tang Dynasty (AD 765), the Yellow Crane Tower had reached a certain scale, which made many Jiangxia celebrities "feast". However, wars and fires occur frequently, and the Yellow Crane Tower is repeatedly built and abandoned. The last "Lou Qing" was built in the seventh year of Tongzhi (A.D. 1868) and destroyed in the tenth year of Guangxu (A.D. 1884), and has not been rebuilt for nearly a hundred years.

In June 198 1, the Yellow Crane Tower reconstruction project broke ground and was completed in June 1985. The main building is based on Tongzhi Building in Qing Dynasty, but it is bigger and more magnificent. Using modern building technology, reinforced concrete frames imitate wood structures. There are five cornices, a pointed roof and a golden glazed tile roof, with a height of 5 1.4m, a bottom width of 30m and a top width of 18m. Large murals, couplets and cultural relics are arranged on all floors of the building. Outside the building, a number of ancillary buildings such as bronze yellow crane modeling, statue pagoda, memorial archway and porch pavilion set off the main building more magnificently. Climbing up the stairs overlooking, I watched the long river rolling forward, and the three towns had a panoramic view.

Since its establishment, the Yellow Crane Tower has been shaped in different dynasties, but it is majestic and full of personality. Compared with Yueyang Tower and Wangtengting Pavilion, the plane design of the Yellow Crane Tower is an octagon with four sides, which is called "all directions". These figures reveal the symbolic and ethical ideographic functions of numbers in ancient architectural culture. From the vertical direction of the building, the eaves of each floor are directly related to the name of the building, which looks like a yellow crane and is ready to go. The whole building is magnificent and exquisite, full of changing charm and beauty.

"Wen" is well known.

The Yellow Crane Tower is close to the Yangtze River and stands on the top of Snake Mountain. It is tall, straight, brilliant and magnificent, and naturally becomes a world-famous tourist attraction. Celebrities of past dynasties, such as Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Jia Dao, Lu You, Yang Shen and Zhang. Come here to play and write poems. The ancient Yellow Crane Tower "has three floors, with a height of 9 feet 2 feet and a copper roof of 7 feet, * * * becomes the number of 99." The new building is much more magnificent, with five floors and a five-meter-high gourd-shaped treasure top. * * * The height is 51.4m, which is nearly 20m higher than that of Gu Lou. The ground floor of Gu Lou is "15m wide" and the ground floor of the new building is 30m wide. Therefore, the Yellow Crane Tower is not a restoration, but a reconstruction. It retains some characteristics of Gu Lou, but it is more designed according to the current needs and the changes of people's aesthetic standards.

1February, 927, Mao Zedong came to Wuchang after inspecting the Hunan peasant movement and wrote the famous "Bodhisattva Man? Climbing the Yellow Crane Tower: "Nine factions have flown to China, and the sky is empty in the north and south. Misty and rainy, turtles and snakes lock the river. Does the yellow crane know where to go? There is room for tourists.

When Wuchang approach bridge of Yangtze River Bridge 1957 was built, the former site of Yellow Crane Tower was occupied, and now the reconstructed Yellow Crane Tower is located at Sheshanfengling, which is about 1 km away from the former site. * * * Five floors, 50.4 meters high, pyramid-shaped roof, layers of cornices, shaped like a whole. There are other buildings around the main building, such as victory tower, stele gallery and mountain gate. The whole building has a unique national style. Inside the Yellow Crane Tower, layers of styles are different. The ground floor is a large and spacious hall, with caissons as high as 10 meters in the middle. On the front wall is a huge ceramic mural of "White Clouds and Yellow Crane", and couplets up to 7 meters long are hung on the columns on both sides: cool and refreshing, clouds and clouds are comfortable; A river gone forever, the waves washed away the troubles of the past and present. On the front wall of the hall on the second floor, the marble of Yellow Crane Tower written by Yan in Tang Dynasty is engraved, describing the rise and fall of the Yellow Crane Tower and anecdotes of celebrities. There are two murals on both sides of Lou Ji, one is "Sun Quan built a city", which vividly illustrates the birth history of the Yellow Crane Tower and Wuchang City; The other is Zhou Yu's Banquet, which reflects the celebrity activities from the Three Kingdoms to the Yellow Crane Tower. The murals in the lobby on the third floor are "Xiu Xiang paintings" by Cui Hao, Li Bai, Bai Juyi and other famous people in Tang and Song Dynasties, and there are also excerpts from their famous sentences chanting the Yellow Crane Tower. The hall on the fourth floor is divided into several small halls with screens, and contemporary celebrity calligraphy and painting are built in for tourists to enjoy and buy. There are long scrolls and murals such as the Map of the Yangtze River in the top hall.

architectural feature

The new Yellow Crane Tower is more spectacular than the old one. This is because the Yangtze River Bridge, which flies across the river, is in front of us, opposite the 24-story Qingchuan Hotel. This group of buildings complement each other and add a lot of color to Jiangcheng Wuhan. The architectural feature of the Yellow Crane Tower is that the roofs of each floor are staggered and overlapped, and the corners are tilted, as if the crane wings spread their wings. Crane painting is the main part inside and outside the building, with moire, flowers, dragons and phoenixes as the foil. The front wall of the lobby on the first floor is a huge ceramic mural with the theme of "White Clouds and Yellow Crane". The surrounding space shows important documents about the Yellow Crane Tower in past dynasties, landscape prints of famous poems, and replicas of paintings of the Yellow Crane Tower in past dynasties. The halls from the 2nd floor to the 5th floor have different themes, with their own characteristics in layout, decoration and display. Walking out of the outer corridor of the fifth floor hall, you can look around and have a wide view. Nearly 90 meters above the river, the scenery on both sides of the strait is vivid and refreshing. The snake mountain area where the Yellow Crane Tower is located has been turned into the Yellow Crane Tower Park. Many flowers and trees have been planted, and some buildings such as archways, pavilions, corridors and so on. There is a poem tablet gallery, which contains many stones engraved with the works of famous poets in past dynasties. The ancient scenic spots around Sheshan will be restored one after another. The Yellow Crane Tower will become the symbol of Wuhan, the central city in central China.

When Wuchang approach bridge of Yangtze River Bridge was built at 1957, it occupied the former site of Yellow Crane, and now the reconstructed Yellow Crane Tower is far away. The former site is located at about 1 km of Sheshan Peak Ridge. * * * Five floors, 50.4 meters high, pyramid-shaped roof, layers of cornices, shaped like a whole. There are other buildings around the main building, such as victory tower, stele gallery and mountain gate. The whole building has a unique national style.

Inside the Yellow Crane Tower, layers of styles are different. The ground floor is a large and spacious hall, with caissons as high as 10 meters in the middle. There is a huge ceramic mural of "White Clouds and Yellow Crane" hanging on the front wall, and 7-meter-long couplets are hung on the columns on both sides: the western heaven is refreshing, and the clouds are refreshing; A river gone forever, the waves washed away the troubles of the past and present. On the front wall of the lobby on the second floor, the Yellow Crane Tower written by Yan in the Tang Dynasty is engraved, which describes the rise and fall of the Yellow Crane Tower and anecdotes of celebrities. There are two murals on both sides of Lou Ji, one is "Sun Quan built the city", which shows the birth history of the Yellow Crane Tower and Wuchang City. The other is Zhou Yu's Banquet, which reflects the celebrity activities from the Three Kingdoms to the Yellow Crane Tower. The murals in the lobby on the third floor are "Xiu Xiang paintings" by Cui Hao, Li Bai, Bai Juyi and other famous people in Tang and Song Dynasties, and there are also excerpts from their famous sentences chanting the Yellow Crane Tower. The hall on the fourth floor is divided into several small halls with screens, and contemporary celebrity calligraphy and painting are built in for tourists to enjoy and buy. There are long scrolls and murals such as the Map of the Yangtze River in the top hall.

A masterpiece through the ages

Yellow Crane Tower

Cui Hao

The fairy of the past has flown away by the yellow crane, leaving only an empty Yellow Crane Tower. The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years.

Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass. But I looked at my hometown, and the twilight was getting thicker, and the mist of sadness was filled on the river waves.

Note: Yellow Crane Tower: The former site is on the Yellow Crane Tower at the bridge head of Wuchang Yangtze River Bridge in Wuhan, Hubei Province, with its back against the Snake Mountain and overlooking the Yangtze River. Previous life: the legendary immortal. There are two sayings: First, during the Three Kingdoms period, Shu people rested on the Yellow Crane Tower; It is said that Xian Zi 'an once passed the Yellow Crane Tower by crane. This sentence is written as "The old man has been gone by Baiyun." Qingchuan: It means that the Hanshui River glows by day. Hanyang: Hanyang District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, located at the angle between the Yangtze River and Hanshui River, facing the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuchang across the river. Parrot Island: Located on the Yangtze River in Erli, southeast of Hanyang, it is gradually washed away by the river. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Huang Zu killed Miheng and was buried in the mainland. Mi Fei once wrote "Parrot Fu", which was later called Parrot Island.

A brief analysis of attracting readers into the past and returning to reality with rich imagination. All kinds of feelings and natural scenery blend together, and no one can but feel its sadness and desolation. This poem has always been highly praised by people and is listed as the first of the seven laws in the Tang Dynasty.

Legend has it that Li Bai traveled around the world in his prime, leaving poems everywhere. When he boarded the Yellow Crane Tower, he was fascinated by the beautiful scenery upstairs and downstairs. When he was about to write a poem as a souvenir, he suddenly looked up and saw Cui Hao's poem upstairs:

The meaning of this poem is: all the immortals in the past flew away with the Yellow Crane, leaving only an empty Yellow Crane Tower here; The yellow crane never revisited earth, I saw a thousand years of white clouds; Hanyang trees are clearly visible in the sun, and Nautilus Island is covered with green grass. It is getting late. Looking into the distance, where is my hometown? In front of me, I saw a mist hanging over the river, which brought people deep sorrow.

This poem is full of scenery before writing, and lyrical after writing, which is natural. Even a generation of Li Bai, who is known as the "Poet Fairy", can't help but admire again and again, thinking that it is better to stop writing for a while. To this end, Li Bai also sighed with regret and said: "There is no good scenery in front of me, and Cui Hao wrote a poem on it!"