Lesson Example: Investigation and Research on the Pollution of Baihua River in Qianku Town Baihua Hotel Qianku Town

1. Human beings and the environment In ancient times, human beings and nature had an unequal relationship. Human beings were weak, restricted by nature everywhere but unable to change nature. With the advent of the industrial age and the continuous improvement of human science and technology, the relationship between man and nature has been reversed, and nature has become the target of injury. Highly purified chemical agents, such as pesticides, paints, detergents, and printed matter, pose a major threat to the natural environment; large-scale energy consumption changes the composition of water sources, thereby changing the global environment; improvements in sanitation conditions make the population With the rapid increase, human activities have greatly destroyed the earth's forest and wetland resources. So the "river water pollution problem" becomes "evil nature". Whatever humans impose on it, it will eventually return to humans. In areas where water and soil have been contaminated by highly purified pharmaceutical preparations, the rate of deformed children and terminal illnesses is much higher than normal. "Evil nature" will once again make humans weak, and the relationship between humans and nature will return to the starting point.

2. Background description

Qianku Town in Cangnan County is a real water town in the south of the Yangtze River. Rivers extend in all directions and small rivers can be seen everywhere. The Baihua River is one of the largest rivers in the area and is winding. The river moistens villages large and small, and is known as the "Mother River". However, since 2000, changes have occurred day and night, turning into black and smelly sewage, completely changing the appearance of Baihua River, and making nearby villagers sit on pins and needles and become angry.

3. Questions

1. What is the status of local river water pollution treatment? What impact does river water pollution have on the local area?

2. People’s response to pollution understanding?

3. How do local governments and people protect the surrounding environment? What are the specific measures?

IV. Research purpose

1. Students Inquire about relevant information, understand provincial and municipal environmental and protection measures, and initially learn how to inquire and process information.

2. Improve students’ ability to analyze and solve problems through experimental analysis of water quality, and improve students’ experimental operation capabilities through hands-on operations.

3. Through the analysis and discussion of various factors affecting water pollution, students can understand the impact of water pollution on the development and life of modern citizens and understand the significance of environmental protection. Establish the perspective of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and at the same time cultivate students' analytical and understanding abilities.

4. Improve language expression and information communication skills through investigation, communication and making suggestions.

5. Steps of the activity

Step 1: Survey

Survey 1

Investigation targets: some residents of Baihua Street, Qianku Town

Most of Baihua Street in Qianku Town consists of bungalows with moderate living conditions. Through on-the-spot inspections, we learned that some residents throw domestic garbage directly into the river. Some women even wash their mops in the river in front of their homes, and some of them float on the river. There is a lot of garbage. Observing the behavior of people near the town, it is not difficult to see that residents have little awareness of water resource protection and ignore river water pollution. There were a large number of plastic bags, white foam, wine bottles, and some unknown turbid floating objects floating on the river.

Investigation 2

Investigation target: electroplating factory

In the small river next to the electroplating factory, it was found that when the factory started operating, some toxic particles were produced during electroplating and mixed with the sewage. The oil is discharged into the river. There is a large amount of oily black material floating on the water, and it pollutes a large area with a pungent smell. There are no fish or shrimps moving around in the water. It is not difficult to see from the pollution in the electroplating factory that industrial pollution is very serious. After investigation, it was found that the degree of pollution has been deepening and the river water pollution has become very serious.

Step 2: Experimental method

Water quality experiment

Organic pollution: pollution per 1 liter of water

The water of Baihua River was tested Chemical experiments have shown that the Baihua River water contains a large amount of oxygen, phosphorus and other inorganic pollutants. During the biological oxidation and decomposition of these pollutants in the water, a large amount of dissolved oxygen is consumed. Once the oxygen supply in the water body is insufficient, the oxidation will stop and cause the destruction of organic matter. Anaerobic fermentation emits a foul odor and seriously pollutes the Baihua River water. Moreover, the pH of Baihua River water is low, the color is turbid, black and green, there is a small amount of sand in the water, and it emits an unpleasant odor.

Step 3: On-site inspection of pollution sources:

It was found that there are many garbage dumps storing sand on the riverside and on the road, and there are a large amount of trademark paper, construction sites, domestic garbage and oil pollution. Domestic waste from trademark factories and residents is the main source of pollution.

Trademark factory: In the process of producing its trademark, it must first carry out printing, drying, molding, marking and other steps, and finally separate the unnecessary parts. Those manufacturers just threw the waste trademark paper at the river for their own convenience. As a result, the garbage was exposed to the sun and fish, and some harmful substances were produced and flowed into the river.

Construction sites: Those who built houses piled construction materials directly on the road without managing them, and the wind carried the sand with them, seriously polluting the environment. Some people even stopped building halfway through, but the sand was still piled on the road and no one cleaned it.

Residents’ domestic garbage: Most residents put their garbage in plastic bags and then throw it on the road in front of their homes. There are even some trash cans not far from their homes. Some people saw that there was an open space next to their homes, so they just threw the garbage down from upstairs. Others pile rubbish in piles on the road waiting for the cleaners to come and sweep it away.

Step 4: Draw conclusions:

According to the investigation, the Baihua Street river water has turned black and smelly in recent years. In the past, young people could be seen everywhere washing vegetables by the river. Washing clothes, but now I can't find them; river water pollution is mainly due to the unreasonable and irregular discharge of wastewater from small factories beside the river, residents' domestic garbage; and the discarding and discharge of domestic wastewater. The current status of the river water is not conducive to residents' lives and work. Based on the above information, the government should strengthen and accelerate the regulation of river water, beautify the surrounding environment, provide residents with a better living environment, and develop environmental awareness.

Step 5: Make suggestions and opinions:

Garbage disposal has always been a key project in the management of our town. At present, the focus of our town's work has shifted to garbage management. Since last year, our town has successively invested in the construction of basic public health facilities in the region. So far, this town has taken relevant measures to manage garbage. Among them, there are two main methods for dealing with garbage:

First. Establish public sanitation facilities. That is, after placing garbage bins at a certain distance on each street, garbage trucks sent by the government will dump, compress and transport them away every morning. Secondly, send cleaners to sweep away garbage on the streets. However, no matter which method is used, the garbage will eventually be collected and burned in a designated place, generating a large amount of thick smoke and odor. Judging from the current results, the environment in most places has improved. And most people are quite satisfied with the government's work and can proactively cooperate by dumping garbage into bins or handing it over to cleaning staff.

However, there are still some problems.

The first is the issue of trash cans. When garbage bins are placed on the street, people have a place to dump garbage, but this is very similar to dumping garbage directly on the ground. Therefore, there are big disadvantages: dumping garbage still pollutes the environment and affects environmental sanitation. Especially in summer, flies and mosquitoes are everywhere. The stench is overwhelming, and sometimes the large amount of garbage causes the garbage bins to overflow, which has a certain impact on the cleaning work. The second is that the cleaning staff are not in place. In these areas where garbage bins are placed, the garbage is not removed in time and the areas around the garbage bins are not cleaned cleanly, which still affects the environment. The third is that people’s awareness of environmental protection is not strong. Although the relevant departments have done some publicity work, the work has not been carried out in depth enough. Therefore, among the general public, the phenomenon of littering still occurs from time to time. It is not surprising that there are traces of garbage on the roadside and in the grass.

The last one is also a problem faced by waste management - garbage disposal problem

The incineration method is currently commonly used, because the weight of the garbage after incineration is only 10% to 20% of the original. However, the waste generated during incineration will cause great pollution to the environment, especially the atmosphere. And since we currently do not have the conditions to convert the heat generated during incineration into electrical energy, incineration can be regarded as a waste of resources. Landfilling waste is also an option. The sanitary landfill method should be used when filling. Generally, three layers of liner are used at the bottom of the landfill. Water pipes are set up to collect the infiltrated sewage into the sewage treatment plant, and then discharge it after passing through the treatment system.

After the garbage is transported to the landfill, it is further separated for recycling, and then compacted using bulldozers and road rollers. For every 0.3 meters of garbage in landfill, there is 0.3 meters of soil. After two to five years of landfill, the biogas is drilled and piped to a nearby biogas power plant.

Step 6: Discussion of the problem

① During the research process, we found not much relevant authoritative information, and the research process was also slow and difficult. Therefore, our research on the pollution components of Baihua River water is still very superficial and needs to be further improved and deepened.

②In the questionnaire survey, we went out from the campus to conduct surveys among residents, which is close to reality.

③ During the survey, we found that residents knew very little about the dangers of water pollution in the Baihua River. We also decided to collect information and put it on the Qianku website to improve residents’ awareness of the crisis.

References:

1. Zhong Qiquan. Theoretical basis of research-based learning [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Education Press, 2003

2. Guo Yuanxiang. Trend Curriculum Leadership - Research-Based Learning Case Study Series in Ordinary High Schools [M]. Shanghai: East China Normal University Press: 2004, 3

3. Zhang Hua. On the Essence of "Research-Based Learning" Curriculum [J ]. Educational Development Research. 2001, (5).

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