Accounting entries of catering industry

Setting of accounting subjects in catering industry

1. Asset class

(1) cash

Each cash item is divided into RMB and foreign exchange.

Check the hotel's cash in stock and find out the petty cash and petty cash.

Set up a "cash book" according to the order of receipt and payment vouchers and business occurrence and register it daily.

(2) Bank deposits

Accounting for all kinds of deposits deposited by the hotel in the bank.

"According to different currencies such as RMB and foreign currency (mainly converted into US dollars), deposit journals are set up respectively, and they are registered one by one according to the date of receipt and payment to obtain the balance.

With RMB as the accounting unit, the amount of foreign currency in USD or other foreign currency deposits shall be registered at the same time and converted into RMB at the bank exchange rate of the day.

(3) Accounts receivable

Accounting for each other's debts in the operating income of hotel buildings, apartment buildings, restaurants, shopping malls and their affiliated projects.

Travel agencies, companies, units, guest accounts, credit cards, tenants, street accounts and other different projects, according to groups or individuals to set up accounts.

Set up a special person to be responsible for the collection of accounts, and find out the reasons for unrecoverable accounts and obtain relevant vouchers. Approved by the chief financial officer and general manager, it is converted into bad debt loss.

(4) Other receivables

Accounting for other receivables not included in accounts receivable, including deposits, insurance compensation payable, etc.

According to different currencies and the debtor's monthly schedule.

(5) Prepaid expenses

Accounting has occurred, but should be borne by the current and future periods, such as holding insurance premiums.

This course does not include paying a small amount of fees not exceeding RMB (determined by the hotel).

Generally, each prepaid expense will be shared within 12 months.

(6) Inventory accounting

Raw materials, oily materials, semi-finished products, cigarettes, wine, beverages and other stock goods used by restaurants to make food, unused materials and supplies stored in warehouses, and various packaging containers reserved for packaging and selling food.

All kinds of inventories are managed by special personnel according to different warehouse types, and subsidiary ledger is registered according to product name and counted regularly.

(7) Other current assets and other current assets that do not belong to the above six subjects shall be accounted for with this subject.

According to different types or projects, prepare a monthly schedule for accounting.

(8) Fixed assets

Calculate the original price of all fixed assets.

The so-called fixed assets refer to houses, buildings, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment and other equipment with a service life of more than one year or a unit price of more than RMB (determined by the hotel).

The first batch of business equipment, such as linen, porcelain glassware, gold and silver utensils, etc., are fixed assets although they are below RMB (determined by the hotel).

(9) Accumulated depreciation

Calculate the depreciation standard of fixed assets, extract depreciation according to the project, and establish a registration card for registration.

According to the spirit of the cooperative operation contract, the monthly depreciation is given priority to return the capital.

(10) Organization expenses (referring to newly-built hotels)

Accounting for the expenses paid for organizing the enterprise. How many months after the opening of this course will be amortized, which is decided by the hotel. The funds obtained by monthly apportionment are given priority to be returned to investors.

(1 1) Other prepaid expenses

Accounting one-time payment of a large amount, long-term results, the current period should not bear all the costs, such as equipment maintenance costs, advertising costs, fixed assets update before the principal and interest are paid off.

Each item usually needs more than RMB 654.38 million or is determined by the hotel.

According to the project, the cost will be transferred to the project on schedule according to the effective time.

2. Debt

(1) accounts payable

Accounting equipment, supplies, food raw materials, drinks used in restaurants, and labor services.

For units with large transaction amount and frequent transactions, separate ledgers should be set up according to different currencies and unit account names.

(2) Payable wages

Calculate all kinds of wages payable to employees in this period, including fixed wages, floating wages, bonuses and subsidies.

Conduct accounting according to the payroll subsidiary ledger.

(3) Taxes payable

Accounting for various taxes payable, such as consolidated industrial and commercial tax, income tax, license tax, etc.

Set up subsidiary ledger registration according to tax type.

(4) Other payables and tax accounting

Accounts payable, taxes payable and other payables, including expenses payable, compensation payable, deposits received, various temporary receipts and accounts received in advance, etc.

According to different categories, currencies and creditors, prepare monthly schedules for accounting.

(5) Accrued expenses

Calculate the expenses within the scope of how much RMB is paid at one time, which is included in the cost but not actually paid. Exceeding the scope must be approved by the authorized unit or personnel.

Set up subsidiary ledger according to the nature of expenses.

(6) Social labor insurance fund

Accounting social labor insurance fund according to regulations. This course should be earmarked.

(7) Investment to be repaid

This account is a loan account. In order to calculate the amount of investment that should be returned this year, the amount that should be remitted but not remitted.

3. Capital category

(1) paid-in capital

Accounted for the total capital.

Set up a detailed account according to the account name of the investor.

(2) Return on capital

This course is a debit account, and the amount of undistributed profits plus depreciation of fixed assets and promotion and start-up expenses is used for fund withdrawal, and the cumulative amount is the total amount of withdrawal.

(3) Profit this year

Calculate the total profit (or loss) realized this year.

At the time of annual settlement, the balances of operating income, operating costs, expenses, exchange gains and losses, non-operating income and expenditure and other subjects are transferred to this account respectively, and the profits (or losses) realized this year are calculated, and finally the balances are transferred to "undistributed profits".

(4) Profit distribution

Calculate the distribution of hotel profits and the balance after the distribution of profits over the years.

4. Profit and loss categories

(1) Operating income

Calculate the business income within the business scope of the hotel.

Operating income is divided into:

Hotel income: guest room, catering, taxi, laundry, ballroom, game machine, music cafe, telephone, telex, gym, sauna, billiards, tennis, bowling, concert hall and beauty center.

Income from residential buildings: income from renting apartments for the elderly and other buildings.

Commercial building income: office rent and other building income.

Shopping mall income: self-operated shopping mall income, rental shopping mall rent and other shopping mall income.

Other income: those that do not belong to the above income are classified as other income.

(2) Business tax

According to the different tax rates of operating income, calculate the expenses and taxes such as consolidated industrial and commercial tax and land use fee that should be borne in this period.

In accordance with the provisions of the business tax, the accounts are registered separately.

(3) the direct cost of the business department

Accounting for direct costs paid in the course of operation.

(4) Direct expenses of the business department

Accounting can divide the expenses incurred by various departments.

According to the division of operating income departments, it is regarded as a sub-item and breakdown of undergraduate programs.

In addition to the subhead "salary and related expenses", other subheads are named according to the different nature and needs of various departments or businesses.

(5) Non-operating expenses, wages and related expenses

Salaries and related expenses of all administrative and general departments, such as marketing department (public relations "sales") and property operation and maintenance department, are included in this project.

Other indirect expenses: such as administrative and general expenses, marketing expenses, property operation and maintenance expenses, energy supply expenses, etc.

The subheads of the above four categories of expenditure will be named according to different nature and needs.

(VI) Non-operating income and expenditure

Exchange gains and losses: accounting for exchange gains and losses caused by exchange rate differences, with realized figures as. The book balance of foreign currency accounts will not be adjusted due to the change of bookkeeping exchange rate.

Insurance premium and loan interest: various expenses and interest expenses required for normal operation (this subject can be offset by interest income from bank deposits).

Profit and loss on sale of assets: calculate the difference between the net income of fixed assets and the net value of fixed assets with the unit price above RMB (determined by the hotel) scrapped or sold in advance.

(7) Promotion and organization expenses

The start-up expenses incurred in preparation for the opening of the business shall be assessed on a monthly basis.

Amortized start-up expenses raised in hotel business activities are used to return investment capital.

(VIII) Depreciation of fixed assets

Calculate the monthly depreciation expense of fixed assets.

The withdrawn depreciation fund is usually used to return the investment capital.

(9) Investment interest

Calculate the interest payable on schedule according to the total investment.

The interest amount is used to repay the interest on capital.

Accounting entries:

1. When an investor invests capital or equity:

Borrow: bank deposits/fixed assets/raw materials/inventory goods

Taxes payable-VAT (input tax)

Loan: paid-in capital (share capital)

Capital reserve-capital premium (equity premium)

2. When the fixed assets are updated:

Borrow: Construction in progress.

Loans: bank deposits

Borrow: fixed assets-decoration

Loan: Construction in progress.

In the subsequent period, depreciation should be accrued by reasonable methods.

During the second renovation, the depreciation balance after the first renovation should be transferred to non-operating expenses at one time:

Borrow: non-operating expenses

Loan: fixed assets-decoration

3. Other expenses incurred during the opening period.

Borrow: management fee

Loans: bank deposits

4. Hotel assets-fixed assets, inventory, low-value consumables, etc.

Raw materials can be planned costs or actual costs.

There are two pricing methods for issuing materials at actual cost:

1. Individual valuation method

2. Weighted average method

Borrow: raw materials-food raw materials (cleaning households)

Loan: raw materials-food raw materials

bank deposit

Unit price of cleaning material with scraps = (raw material cost before cleaning and finishing-amount of scraps)/weight of cleaning material after cleaning and finishing.

There is a kind of net material, there is no data. Unit price = (sum of raw material costs before cleaning and finishing-other net material costs)/weight of the net material.

Unit price of unposted leftover materials = total cost of raw materials for cleaning and finishing/weight of clean materials after cleaning and finishing.

Cost coefficient method

Cost coefficient = unit cost of raw material net material/unit cost of raw material wool material.

The unit cost of a raw material net = the unit cost of this raw material wool * cost coefficient.

Borrow: entrust processing materials.

Or raw materials-raw materials entrusted for processing.

Loans: bank deposits

cash on hand

Borrow: raw materials-some kind of processed products.

Raw material-some kind of surplus material

Loan: entrusted processing materials.

Or raw materials-raw materials for entrusted processing.

There are three ways to refuel:

1. Actual consumption method

2. Fixed consumption method

3. Anti-extrusion consumption method

Debit: main business cost

Management fees (charged by other departments)

Loan: raw materials-fuel

Materials and supplies: office supplies, small souvenirs

down payment

Borrow: advance payment for goods

Loans: bank deposits

Borrow: raw materials-materials and supplies

Loan: advance payment

Borrow: advance payment for goods

Loans: bank deposits

Collection and acceptance after pre-purchase and delivery

Borrow: raw materials-materials and supplies

Credit: accounts payable

Or bank deposits.

When collecting

Borrow: management fee

selling cost

Loans: raw materials-materials and supplies

container

Borrow: Reusable Materials-Packaging Materials

Loans: bank deposits

Notes payable accounts payable

The packaging purchased with the goods does not need to be accounted for separately, and the price is included in the purchased goods.

Recycling of packaging materials such as beer bottles-recycling by enterprises themselves.

Packages recovered by other units in the second generation and recycled by themselves are regarded as the purchase of packages, and their accounting is the same as that of individual purchases. Because they are not owned by the enterprise, they are registered in the memorandum book and accounted for in "other receivables".

Packed lunch boxes were recently carried forward.

Debit: sales expenses

Loan: revolving materials-packaging materials

Separate pricing from food sales.

Debit: bank deposit

Loans: other business income

Borrow: other industry costs

Loan: revolving materials-packaging materials

Borrow: low-value consumables

Loans: bank deposits

amortization of low cost and short lived articles

One-time amortization method

Borrow: management fee

selling cost

Loans: low-value consumables

Amortization by installment

Borrow: low-value consumables-in use

Loan: low-value consumables-inventory

Debit: sales expenses

Management cost

Loans: low-value consumables-amortization

Borrow: low-value consumables-amortization

Loans: low-value consumables-in use

Repair of low-value barter

Borrow: management fee

selling cost

Loans: bank deposits

Scrap amortization If there is any surplus material,

Borrow: raw materials

cash on hand

bank deposit

Credit: sales expenses

Management cost

fixed assets

1. Outsourcing

Borrow: fixed assets

Loans: bank deposits

Make it yourself

Debit: advance payment

Loans: bank deposits

Borrow: fixed assets

Credit: advance payment

3. Investor input

Borrow: fixed assets

Loan: paid-in capital

Rent-in

prepaid rent

Debit: Other receivables.

Loans: bank deposits

amortize

Borrow: management fee

selling cost

Credit: other receivables

Book value of inventory surplus = market price of similar fixed assets-estimated depreciation of old and new degree

deal with

Debit: liquidation of fixed assets

Impairment of fixed assets

accumulated depreciation

Loans: fixed assets

Cleaning fees

Debit: liquidation of fixed assets

Loans: bank deposits

income

Borrow: raw materials

bank deposit

Other receivables-compensation

Loan: liquidation of fixed assets

net profit

chrysalis

Debit: liquidation of fixed assets

Loan: management fee-organization fee

Production and operation period

Debit: liquidation of fixed assets

Loan: non-operating income

dead loss

chrysalis

Borrow: management fee-organization fee

Loan: liquidation of fixed assets

Production and operation period

Borrow: non-operating expenses-very loss

-Dealing with the net loss of fixed assets

Loan: liquidation of fixed assets

Fixed assets operating lease

Debit: other business costs

Loan: accumulated depreciation of investment real estate.

bank deposit

Debit: bank deposit

Loans: other business income

fixed assets depreciation method

Once the depreciation methods of average life method (straight line method), workload method, sum of years method and double declining balance method are selected, they shall not be changed at will.

Borrow: management fee

selling cost

Other business costs

construction in progress

Credit: accumulated depreciation

Settlement method of sales payment for catering business:

1. Uniform ticket sales at the counter

The waiter made out an invoice.

3. Eat first and settle later

4. Cash on delivery

When the food is delivered to the waiter for sale, the quantity shall be registered by both the producer and the seller. At the end of business, the waiter should take stock. The calculation formula is as follows:

Sales quantity = balance in work+production or delivery of this shift-balance at the end of the shift.

Recovered sales amount = sales quantity * unit price

Fixed expenses refer to all fixed expenses of hotels and guesthouses for one month, such as rent, staff salaries, management fees, etc.

Variable expenditure refers to the total amount of water, electricity and consumables consumed by guests after they check in. When room income = fixed expenditure+variable expenditure, it is the break-even point of this hotel and hotel. Because [room income = room price * room number, variable expenditure = variable expenditure * room number, then the break-even room rate is

Break-even room rate = break-even room number/(actual room number *30)

Break-even room = fixed fee/(house price-variable fee)

Send raw materials

Debit: main business cost

Loan: raw materials

1. perpetual inventory system

Raw material cost consumed = kitchen balance at the beginning of the month+purchase requisition of this month-kitchen inventory at the end of the month.

The kitchen inventory at the beginning of the month and the amount collected this month can be obtained from the raw material-related projects or the main business cost account. Calculate the kitchen inventory at the end of the month according to the inventory table. Some finished products should be calculated according to the ingredient quota and book price. At the end of the month, the accounting department will make a false return with the remaining semi-finished products and finished products for sale instead of the return list without moving the kitchen.

2. Periodic inventory system

Cost of raw materials consumed this month = balance of raw materials in warehouse and kitchen at the beginning of the month+total purchases this month-total inventory in warehouse and kitchen at the end of the month.

The cost of raw materials includes main ingredients, ingredients, seasonings and the reasonable loss of these raw materials. In terms of value composition, it includes the purchase price of raw materials, transportation and miscellaneous fees, storage fees and related taxes and fees. Main ingredients and ingredients are the main components of the cost of catering products. First of all, we should start with the accounting of main ingredients and ingredients. Raw materials are called wool, and processed materials are called clean materials.

1. Unit cost of raw meal = (total value of raw materials-total value of waste materials)/net weight.

2. Cost of odorless semi-finished products = (gross value of wool-gross value of leftovers-gross value of waste)/weight of odorless semi-finished products.

Cost of seasoning semi-finished products = (total wool value-total leftover value-total waste value+total seasoning value)/weight of seasoning semi-finished products.

One material, one file.

Waste that cannot be used at a fixed price.

Another waste can be used at a fixed price.

Unit cost of semi-finished products that cannot be used at one price = total cost of purchased raw materials/weight of semi-finished products after processing.

Unit cost of semi-finished products with leftover materials that can be used at a fixed price = (total cost of purchased raw materials-amount of leftover materials)/weight of semi-finished products after processing.

Multiple files of a material

Unit cost of semi-finished products = (total purchase value of raw materials-sum of other semi-finished products)/weight of semi-finished products.

Condiments are divided into single and compound.

Unit cost of compound condiment = (condiment 1 cost+condiment 2 cost+———————)/total weight of compound condiment.

There are two ways to produce condiments and catering products: 1 single product and 2 batches.

Single seasoning cost = 1 dosage material * unit price +2 dosage material * unit price+——————————

Seasoning shared by a single dish in batches = the cost of mass production of seasoning/the number of dishes produced.

Calculate the cost of finished dishes.

Raw material cost per unit product = main material cost+ingredient cost+condiment cost

Labor cost to be shared by unit dishes = salary of relevant personnel/total number of dishes.

Labor cost to be shared by unit dishes = salary of relevant personnel * (material cost of a dish/material cost of various dishes)/number of copies of this dish.

Labor cost per dish = salary of relevant personnel * (average cooking time of a dish/sum of average cooking time of all dishes)/number of copies of the dish.

Unit product cost of a single plate = half cost of unit product+labor cost of unit product.

Set the price of catering products

1. gross profit margin method

Selling price = raw material cost /( 1- gross profit margin)

Gross profit margin = gross profit amount/selling price

2. Cost gross margin method is a method to calculate the sales price by adding the determined cost gross margin.

Cost gross profit margin = gross profit amount/cost price * 100%

3. Combination of the two methods

Cost gross profit margin = sales gross profit margin /( 1- sales gross profit margin)

Calculation of business tax

Taxable amount = operating income * applicable tax rate

Urban construction fee or education surcharge = (actually paid value-added tax+actually paid consumption tax+actually paid business tax) * applicable tax rate.

Property tax 1 ad valorem tax 2 ad valorem tax

Borrow: management fee

Loan: Taxes payable-property tax

-Land use tax

-Travel tax

Borrow: Taxes payable-property tax

-Land use tax

-Travel tax

Loans: bank deposits

Double-quota tax payment is also called class C taxpayer to pay business tax regularly and regularly.

1. Double fixed account breakeven method (cost determination method)

Monthly turnover = total monthly expenses/(gross profit margin-collection rate)

2. Gross profit margin measurement method Due to market constraints, business volume and gross profit margin tend to be average. The tax bureau generally does not make adjustments within one year.

Accounting of employee's salary

When allocating funds to a trade union to form a trade union

Borrow: Payable staff salaries-trade union funds

Loans: bank deposits

cash on hand

Debit: sales expenses

Management cost

construction in progress

Loan: payable to employees-medical insurance

endowment insurance

unemployment insurance

-Social insurance

housing accumulation fund

-Basic salary

-Trade union funds

Debit: payable to employees-medical insurance

-endowment insurance, etc.

Loans: bank deposits

Other receivables (expenses borne by employees)

Withdraw bad debt reserve according to a certain proportion.

Debit: Asset impairment loss

Loan: bad debt reserve

Confirmation of bad debt loss

1. Due to the bankruptcy or death of the debtor, it is really impossible to recover the debt after paying off the debt with its bankrupt property or inheritance.

2 due to the cancellation of the debt unit, insolvency or serious shortage of cash flow, it is really impossible to recover.

3. Due to serious natural disasters, etc. The debt unit stops production and cannot repay the debt in a short period of time, and it is really impossible to recover it.

4. Due to the debtor's overdue performance of debt repayment obligations for more than 3 years, it is verified that there is no repayment.

Debit: bad debt reserve

Credit: accounts receivable

Operating profit = operating income-operating costs-business taxes and surcharges-sales expenses-management expenses-financial expenses-asset impairment loss+fair value change income (-fair value change loss)+investment income.

Net profit = operating profit-income tax

There are two differences between the taxable amount of income tax and operating profit:

1. Permanent variance (no adjustment required) 2. Temporary differences.

Taxable amount of income tax = total income-non-taxable income-tax-exempt income-various deductions-losses in previous years.