What are the tableware?

Utensils and utensils used for distributing or ingesting food. Tableware includes complete sets of metal utensils, ceramic tableware, tea sets and wine vessels, glassware, plates and trays, as well as containers and hand-held utensils with different uses.

I. Classification by texture

Tableware is an indispensable kitchenware product in modern kitchens, and it is a kind of kitchenware product that people often use in their daily lives. There are many kinds of tableware in the market. According to the different materials used, tableware can be roughly divided into ceramic products, bone China products, reinforced glazed porcelain, white porcelain, crystal, glass and so on. The materials used in different types of tableware products are completely different, so their advantages and disadvantages are also different.

1. Bamboo tableware

The biggest advantage of bamboo and wood tableware is that it is convenient to obtain materials and has no toxic effect of chemicals. But their weakness is that they are more prone to pollution and mildew than other tableware. If you don't pay attention to disinfection, it is easy to cause intestinal infectious diseases.

2. Paper tableware

It is a disposable tableware made of special paper, which can be thrown away after use and will not infect diseases. However, throwing away paper tableware will pollute the environment.

3. Plastic tableware

Strong water resistance, but there is carcinogen vinyl chloride. At present, experts are working hard to reduce the production cost of non-toxic plastics and make non-toxic plastic products spread rapidly. Commonly used plastic tableware is basically made of polyethylene and polypropylene. This is a non-toxic plastic recognized by most national health departments. Candy boxes, tea trays, rice bowls, cold water bottles and baby bottles on the market are all made of this kind of plastic. However, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with similar molecular structure to polyethylene is a dangerous molecule. A rare hepatic hemangioma was found, which is almost related to people who often contact PVC. So when using plastic products, we must pay attention to what the raw materials are. In the absence of a product manual at hand, it can be identified by the following methods: all plastic products that are smooth to the touch, flammable in case of fire, and have yellow flame and paraffin smell when burning are non-toxic polyethylene or polypropylene. All plastics that are sticky to the touch, not easy to burn in case of fire, have a green flame when burning, and have a choking smell are PVC, and cannot be used as food containers. Don't choose brightly colored plastic tableware. According to the test, the release amount of heavy metal elements such as lead and cadmium in some plastic tableware color patterns exceeded the standard. So try to choose colorless, odorless and without decorative patterns.

4. Clay products

This kind of tableware is mainly clay, brown or gray in color, thick and loose in texture, easy to be damaged, but rich in historical and cultural heritage. Suitable for people: people who like to drink tea or pay attention to life; Market price: large span.

5. Ceramic tableware

Ceramic tableware is recognized as non-toxic tableware, but in recent years there have been reports of poisoning caused by the use of ceramic tableware. It turns out that the beautiful coating (glaze) of some porcelain tableware contains lead.

6. bone China tableware

Bone China was originally called bone China, but people think the word "grey" is unsightly, so it is called bone China for short. It first appeared in Europe in the18th century and was invented by the British. After China's porcelain-making technology was introduced to the west, the British combined with western civilization and thought, and made some improvements and infiltration on the basis of China's porcelain-making technology. "Bone China" is the latter kind of porcelain made by mixing 40% to 50% of herbivore bone powder (mainly bovine bone) with kaolin and clay for porcelain making, and it is an environmentally friendly green consumer product. Because bone powder can react with impurities in kaolin during firing, it has the function of eliminating impurities, so that the made bone China is light, strong in toughness, pure in fetal quality, less in defects and more moist and amiable in glaze. Calcium oxide is the real function of bone powder in bone China. Compared with ordinary ceramics, the unique firing process and bone carbon content make bone China appear whiter, more delicate, more transparent and lighter. This material must contain at least 30% tricalcium phosphate from animal bones, and the finished product is translucent, so it is called bone China. Bone China is generally suitable for star-rated hotels or families. It is light and transparent, and it is an environmentally friendly green consumer product. It is transparent under the light and has a high texture. Compared with ordinary traditional porcelain, bone porcelain has good light transmittance and can present an elegant and smooth texture like jade. In addition, bone China also has the characteristics of high plasticity, smooth glaze color, gorgeous painting, hard and durable texture. Washing dishes manually is also very convenient.

7. Shell porcelain tableware

Shell porcelain is made of high white mud and high white glaze, mixed with shellfish and coral in the ocean into porcelain clay, scientifically formulated, and then fired at 1380 degrees. After secondary painting, glazing and high-temperature firing, white porcelain has become a non-toxic, lead-free, harmless and never-fading porcelain product. Shell porcelain tableware is suitable for microwave oven porcelain, with hard texture and high temperature resistance. The finished product is light, fine and hard, easy to wear and break, and crystal clear, white and translucent under the illumination of light.

8. Magnesium porcelain tableware

Magnesium porcelain is a popular hotel ceramic in recent years after reinforced porcelain, which is suitable for making disposable sterilized tableware. It is a kind of high-grade porcelain talc, which is strengthened by strengthening magnesium-containing components in porcelain at a high temperature of 1250 degrees. It is also the main raw material for manufacturing magnesium porcelain talc magnesium silicate minerals. Magnesia porcelain feels delicate, greasy, shiny and greasy. Magnesia porcelain has a flaky structure, which is easy to peel off and crush when it is broken. It has the outstanding characteristics of high whiteness, high strength, good light transmittance and high thermal stability.

9. Strengthen porcelain tableware

Tableware made of this material has the characteristics of high strength, acid and alkali resistance, no lead toxicity and no damage. Suitable for people, it is an ideal product for all kinds of families, and the market price is moderate.

10. White porcelain tableware

Porcelain, which is also fired at high temperature, is the most common porcelain and is relatively easy to be damaged. Suitable for ordinary families, with low market price.

1 1. Strengthened glazed tableware

Kaolin and silica are mixed and strengthened at 1250℃, which is not easy to be damaged, hard and light. It has the dual characteristics of strengthened glass and strengthened porcelain. The market price is generally high.

12. Crystal tableware

Crystal is a kind of silicon oxide, which contains lead oxide, potassium carbonate, potassium nitrate, arsenic and so on. , produced by different manufacturers or with different formulas. Crystal products are fragile. Suitable for people to pursue a higher standard of living; The market price is usually higher.

13. Glass tableware

Glass products are also silica composite materials. Although they are not as glamorous as crystal products, they are also clear and natural. Glass products are as fragile as crystal. Mainly used for various cups or vases; Suitable for ordinary families; The market price is cheaper. Glass tableware is clean and sanitary, and generally does not contain toxic substances. But glass tableware is fragile and sometimes "moldy". This is because the glass will be eroded by water for a long time, which will produce substances harmful to human health, so it should be washed off frequently with alkaline detergent.

14. Iron tableware

Iron participates in the synthesis of human hemoglobin and is an indispensable trace element in human body, so the use of iron tableware is beneficial to health. But iron is easy to rust, and rust can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, upset, loss of appetite and other diseases.

15. Stainless steel tableware

Beautiful and generous, light and easy to use, corrosion-resistant and rust-free, very popular with people. However, it will rust after being polluted by acidic substances or polished by hard objects such as sandpaper and fine sand. Before using stainless steel tableware, if the surface is coated with a layer of vegetable oil and baked on the fire, it can prevent rust and prolong the service life.

16. aluminum tableware

Non-toxic, light and durable, and low in price, but aluminum accumulates too much in the human body, which has the effect of accelerating aging and has certain adverse effects on people's memory.

17. copper tableware

Nowadays, many people use copper tableware, copper pot, copper spoon, copper hot pot and so on. On the surface of copper tableware, you can often see some blue-green powder, which is called copper rust. It is an oxide of copper and is nontoxic. But for the sake of cleaning, it is best to smooth the surface of copper tableware with sandpaper before loading food.

18. Enamel tableware

Enamel products have good mechanical strength, firmness, not easy to break, good heat resistance and can withstand a wide range of temperature changes. Smooth texture, small and not easy to be contaminated with dust, clean and durable. The disadvantage of enamel products is that they often crack and break after being hit by external forces. The outer coating of enamel products is actually a layer of enamel, which contains aluminum silicate and other substances. If it is damaged, it will be transferred to food. Therefore, when purchasing enamel tableware, it is required that the surface is smooth and flat, the enamel is uniform, the color is bright, and there is no bottom powder and embryo phenomenon.

19. magnetic tableware

The use of magnetic tableware has a health care function, so this kind of tableware is very popular.

20. titanium tableware

Using the characteristics of intelligent metal titanium combined with special physical and chemical surface coloring process, it has a unique luster of gold-titanium tableware, and its texture can be comparable to that of silver tableware. Titanium tableware is the development trend of tableware materials in the future. Because of its light weight and light use, it has excellent characteristics such as non-toxic, tasteless, non-radiation, non-rust, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, good toughness and good biocompatibility. Titanium tableware is both practical and collectible, and it is a good product for you to give to your relatives and friends and use at home. It has long been favored by people from all walks of life.

2 1. alloy tableware

Alloy tableware mainly refers to tableware produced by PPS and SPS materials. PPS has the advantages of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, radiation resistance, flame retardancy, balanced physical and mechanical properties, excellent dimensional stability and excellent electrical properties. Alloy tableware on the market is mainly alloy chopsticks. Compared with chopsticks made of other materials, alloy chopsticks have the advantages of no deformation at high temperature, easy cleaning, no mildew, no adsorption of microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, durability and corrosion resistance. Alloy chopsticks are safe and hygienic, and will not produce harmful substances at high temperature. PPS and SPS are imported materials, so the price is slightly higher. In China, most of them are gifts from high-end hotels and alloy chopsticks made of this imported material.

22. Antibacterial tableware

Antibacterial tableware, also known as disinfection tableware, is to add antibacterial agents to the raw materials of tableware, so that tableware can be disinfected without any treatment. The main materials for disinfection tableware are melamine disinfection tableware, stainless steel disinfection tableware, alloy disinfection tableware and ceramic disinfection tableware. This kind of tableware can kill bacteria on the surface of tableware by using the sterilization principle of nano silver.

23. Edible tableware

This kind of tableware is a new environmental protection product with high technology and new materials. It is a kind of tableware which is made of plant flour as the basic raw material through high temperature and high pressure molecular polycondensation. The main products on display at the exhibition include various types of lunch boxes, bowls, cups, plates, chopsticks and knives, forks and spoons for western food. At present, this product is a new type of green recyclable food packaging product promoted and developed by the state.

Pearl porcelain.

Pearl porcelain is made by mixing pearl ingredients with porcelain clay. As early as the Ming Dynasty, it was found that gorgeous porcelain could be fired by mixing gold, silver, pearls and agate into porcelain tires. According to historical records, in the Ming Dynasty, porcelain makers in Baoshan, Yunnan Province put gems into porcelain, melted them at high temperature, and made it into a crystal clear, jewel-like "Yongzi" Go, which attracted the enthusiastic pursuit of literati in previous dynasties. Known as "the first chess in the world." The reason why "pearl china" is precious is that there are a considerable proportion of pearls in the porcelain tire, which shows the appearance that ordinary bone China does not have. Therefore, judging from the composition of porcelain, "pearl china" can be classified as "Baoshao" porcelain.

Second, by geographical classification.

1. Chinese tableware: Chinese tableware refers to the tableware used when eating Chinese food or when people in China eat. The most typical is to use bamboo chopsticks, ceramic bowls, plates, spoons and so on.

2. Western tableware. The so-called western tableware refers to the special tableware for eating western food, which generally includes knives, forks and spoons.

Third, according to the scope of use.

1. Hotel tableware

Hotel tableware is mostly high-grade porcelain products. Such as bone China, magnesium reinforced porcelain and other high-grade tableware. Mainly used for tableware, coffee cups, tea sets, gift sets, etc. Used in star hotels and guesthouses.

2. Special tableware for fast food

Professional fast food tableware mostly uses stainless steel products and plastic products, mostly trays, supplemented by disposable paper-plastic tableware, lunch boxes, cups and so on.

3. Disposable special tableware

Disposable tableware: made of plastic, high foaming material, coated paper, etc. Once used, it is discarded.

4. Special tableware for disinfection

Disinfected tableware refers to tableware disinfected by special methods to kill pathogenic microorganisms. Disinfected tableware should be washed in a dishwasher, and thickened reinforced porcelain should be used. At present, reinforced porcelain with a thickness of 5 cm is generally used, which is resistant to high temperature and has a longer life than ordinary porcelain.

5. Ordinary household tableware

Ordinary ceramic tableware is generally used for household tableware, which is cheap, practical and durable.

6. Couple tableware

Couple tableware, as its name implies, is a pair of tableware, exclusive couple tableware, which captures the idea of seeking witness between modern couples, thus designing and creating practical, beautiful and unique tableware to express love.

7. Children's tableware

Children's tableware should reflect the characteristics of the baby, small and chic, durable, practical and convenient. The design should be humanized, round and scratch-proof; Leak-proof, sanitary and easy to carry.

Four, according to the shape and use of classification

Tableware can be divided into bowls, chopsticks, plates, dishes, spoons, spoons, clips, knives, forks, cups, pots, boxes, baskets, basins, plates, shovels, pots, stoves, basins, cups, cans, wine bottles, toothpicks, paper towels, napkins and so on.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) reminds you specially.

Crystal decorative tableware will not change color due to long-term exposure or exposure, so as long as you gently pat off the dust on it with a feather duster every once in a while, or wipe it with a soft cloth dipped in a little cleaning liquid.

First of all, crystal tableware should avoid suddenly changing its temperature difference to avoid cracking; Crystal is hard but fragile, try not to knock hard; When cleaning, first use warm water and a little cleaning solution to remove stains, then rinse with clear water and pour it on a dry cloth.

It is best to wash porcelain tableware by hand on weekdays, or wash it in a dishwasher to avoid Phnom Penh and fading; When it is not easy to clean, add a little vinegar before cleaning. Phnom Penh can be as bright as new with a little vinegar.