That great warrior has information and photos of Fujian tulou.

"Fujian Tulou" includes Gaobei Tulou, Hongkeng Tulou, Chuxi Tulou, Xiang Yan Tulou and Zhen Fu Tulou in Yongding County of Fujian Province, Tianluokeng Tulou in Nanjing County, Hegeng Tulou and Huaiyuan Tulou in Hua 'an County. They are mainly distributed in the mountainous areas in the west and south of Fujian Province and are famous for their unique architectural style and long history and culture. It is not only the most common round tulou, but also the square tulou and the top tulou, covering the complete architectural style of tulou.

Fujian tulou was formed in Song and Yuan Dynasties. After the development in the middle and early Ming Dynasty, it gradually matured in the late Ming Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, and it has continued to this day. Fujian tulou is a unique large-scale rammed earth residential building in mountainous areas in the world, and it is a creative masterpiece of adobe architecture. Fujian tulou is built on the mountain with reasonable layout. It absorbs the concept of "Feng Shui" in China's traditional architectural planning (see Dong Bin's Modern Feng Shui Mirror), adapts to the living and defense requirements of people living together, and skillfully uses the narrow flat land in the mountains and local raw soil, wood, pebbles and other building materials. It is a self-contained, economical, strong and defensive high-rise building type with great aesthetic feeling.

In the 1980s, the earth buildings in Nanjing County, Zhangzhou City, Fujian Province and Yongding County, Longyan City were mistaken by Americans for mushroom-shaped nuclear weapons. As everyone knows, before the first atomic bomb mushroom cloud flew, this unique large-scale rammed earth residential building, which had been produced since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, had stood on a piece of land of more than 600 square kilometers in southwest Fujian for centuries.

On July 6th, 2008, at the 32nd World Heritage Conference held in Quebec City, China "Fujian Tulou" was officially listed in the World Heritage List.

Earth building layout

Yongding Hakka earth building has a reasonable layout, much like the ancient houses in the Yellow River valley? From the external environment, we should pay attention to choose a place that is sheltered from the sun and near the water as the construction site to facilitate our life and production. Most construction sites face south, with running water on the left, roads on the right, ponds in front and hills behind; Don't go against the trend, sit north to south, avoid being high before and low after, and avoid facing the pit (avoid rushing); If the building is located in a higher place behind the mountain, then build the building higher or a little farther away from the mountain, which can not only prevent wind and moisture, but also make the building and the mountain configuration harmonious. We not only choose the construction site according to the above three aspects, but also make good use of special areas such as sloping fields and terraces to build all kinds of earth buildings, and even develop them into rugged earth buildings in mountainous areas with distinct levels and spectacular architectural features, such as Yongding ancient bamboo and Chuxi earth buildings. ? These stresses are undoubtedly closely related to geography, ecology, landscape, architecture, ethics and aesthetics, in other words, to the traditional culture of the Central Plains.

From the perspective of tulou itself, the layout of Yongding Hakka tulou has the following three characteristics:

(1) The central axis is clear, especially the palace enclosed house, Wufeng building, mansion square building and square building. The main hall, the main building and the gate are all built on the central axis, and the horizontal houses and ancillary buildings are distributed on the left and right sides, and the overall symmetry on both sides is extremely strict. The same is true for circular buildings, where the gate, nave and patio are all placed on the central axis.

(2) Take the hall as the core. This building has a hall and a main hall. Organize the courtyard with the hall as the center and combine groups with the courtyard as the center. Even for circular buildings, the position of the main hall is very prominent.

(3) The corridor runs through the whole building and extends in all directions. However, there are few earth buildings in Yongding and even Hakka areas, such as Qing Ji Building, which are small units, self-contained and unconnected with each other.

[Edit this paragraph] Classification of Tulou

Earth buildings can be divided into circular buildings, square buildings and Wufeng buildings according to their shapes. There are also deformed concave fonts, semicircles and gossip. Among them, circular buildings and square buildings are the most common, and they often coexist. Thousands of square meters long, gregarious round buildings and square buildings are built between mountains and valleys with simple geometric buildings, and man-made buildings are in sharp contrast with the surrounding green natural landscape. /kloc-After China's economic opening in the 1980s, the landscape of earth buildings in southern Fujian and Guangdong, which are mainly round and square, attracted the attention of the world tourism industry.

rotunda

Round building is a kind of round earth building, also known as Yuan House Earth Building, Fujian Round Building or Hakka Enclosed House. Its use is more important than prevention, so its name is embedded in the name of "Zhai". Although this shape of earth buildings is not the most, the area is usually the largest. The largest area can even reach more than 72 bays.

Usually, the bottom floor of a circular building is the dining room and kitchen, the second floor is the warehouse, and the place above the third floor is the bedroom at home. Each small family or individual's room is independent, and the rooms are connected by a circle of public corridors. These designs usually focus on defense functions.

Fanglou

Square buildings are the most popular among earth buildings. The characteristic of this type of building is that a square or nearly square high fence is rammed first, and then other buildings in the building expand along this fence. The standard specifications for expansion are usually open patios and cloisters around patios. These floors with the same architectural style are piled together, and the highest can even reach six floors. Finally, the use of wooden floors and beams, together with tile roofs, has become the most common square building in earth buildings.

Wufenglou?

Fuyu Building in Hukeng Town is a typical Wufeng Building. Wufeng Building is also known as Dafudi, Mansion-style, Palace-style or Pen-rack Building. Although their names are the same, there are some differences. From the outside, this kind of tulou, which consists of two wings and a gatehouse, has the characteristics of three concavities and two convexities, just like the penholder in ancient China. Wufenglou is mainly distributed in counties of western Fujian and Zhangzhou. Among them, Zhangzhou Hakkas who immigrated to Taiwan Province Province also brought the architectural style of Wufeng Pagoda to Taiwan Province Province.

other

In addition to the round building, there are also square buildings and Wufeng buildings. There are other types of earth buildings classified according to their shapes, such as concave, semi-circular and bagua. The concave earth buildings are mainly distributed in Nanjing and Zhaoan in southern Fujian. Pinghe and Yongding are semi-circular, and there are occasional gossip-shaped earth buildings in Yongding, Zhangpu, Hua 'an, Zhao 'an, Nanjing and eastern Guangdong. Among them, Daoyun Building is the largest gossip earth building in China.

[Edit this paragraph] Features of Tulou

Tulou * * * is characterized by a long construction period, which generally takes two or three years to complete, and the older one even needs decades and generations of craftsmen's hard work. The wood used must be 300 ~ 500 cubic meters. Because the earth wall is thick under and narrow on the top, it is strong and firm, and its "three defenses" (windproof, waterproof and shockproof) performance is good, and some can also prevent fire (the three-ring earth wall is a wall built by three walls), especially its extraordinary earthquake resistance is amazing. Almost all the earth buildings have been tested by earthquakes to varying degrees and are safe and sound. For example, the "Huanji Building" in Yongding Hukeng Township, which was built in A.D. 1693, has experienced several earthquakes in the past 300 years. 19 18 The earthquake on the sixth day of the fourth lunar month only opened a 50 cm wide crack between the third floor and the fourth floor at the upper right of the main entrance. Because the structural thickness of the circular building wall is1.2m, it extends slightly upwards. For more than 70 years, it magically healed naturally, leaving only a crack one or two centimeters wide. In recent years, Fuxin Building, which has the deepest "qualifications" in Yongding, opened another gate to avoid people's inconvenience from entering and leaving through one gate, and invited masons to try their best to dig it with a steel chisel for several days before opening it. This shows the tenacity of this three-in-one earth wall.

Another feature of the earth building is that the structure is extremely standardized, and the rooms are all the same size. Most earth buildings have only one gate for access, and they all have patios, which can store food for more than half a year. Just like a solid castle, it is easy to guard against theft and bandits (in the old days, Hakkas were often attacked by bandits, so tall earth walls were built to prevent accidents). Because the wall is tall and thick, it can not only prevent moisture and keep warm, but also insulate the heat and enjoy the cool, which has many benefits. When Hakka people build earth buildings, they build chimneys into the earth walls, so that the kitchen is clean without black smoke pollution. The construction of tulou is also a manifestation of Hakka people's belief in geomantic omen in the old days. Superstition says that there is a "road evil spirit" on the road, a "stream evil spirit" on the stream and a "concave evil spirit" at the exit. When building a square building, they think that one corner of the building will encounter "Shaqi", so they carve the words "Taishan Shi Gandang" on the cornerstone of the corner of the building to ward off evil spirits, or nail the corner of the building with wooden boards with gossip and words to ward off evil spirits. Circular buildings have no edges and corners, and it is said that "Shaqi" can run away, so in order to avoid "Shaqi", earth buildings after the Qing Dynasty are mostly circular buildings. Generally speaking, it is obvious to emphasize the effectiveness of tulou. ?

Tulou is not only unique in architectural style, but also meaningful in naming most tulou. Yongding earth building is named after its location, such as "Dongsheng building", which faces east and west, and Yuxiu rises from east; Or named after the owner, such as "Zhen Fu Building", which was built by Su alone; Or named for the memory of ancestors, such as "Qingfu Building", "Fuyu Building", "Zhencheng Building" and "Qingcheng Building" built by Lin Fucheng's descendants in Yongding, which are always inseparable from the words "Fu" and "City"; Or named after the natural environment. For example, "Wangfeng Building" is named after facing the peak of Bijia Mountain, and "Huanxing Building" is named after being surrounded by water on three sides, and its shape is round and round. Or named to wish good luck, such as "Songzhulou" and "50th Floor", which respectively mean "bamboo is green and lush" and "five winds and ten rains are auspicious"; Or give names to encourage future generations, such as "Jing Xun Building" and "Chengqi Building"; Or named after entrepreneurs, for example, the "Fuqiao Building" was built for overseas Chinese in Jiang's family, which means that overseas Chinese are blessed, and the "Qunxing Building" was built to raise funds for all people, which means that they live in groups and prosper; Or named after a pun, "If you rise to the floor", you sit east and west, like the sun rises, and later generations jokingly call it as small as one meter. ?

Tulou, as a proud architectural form of Hakka people in Fujian, is a treasure in Fujian folk houses. At the same time, it also incorporates human factors, which can be called the epitome of the combination of heaven, earth and people. Dozens of families and hundreds of people go to the first floor together, which embodies the family tradition of Hakka people living in harmony. Therefore, a tulou history is a rural family history. Descendants of Tulou often can tell the origin of Kan Kan family without genealogy. In addition, the use of local materials and the most common soil materials to build tall castles, turning ordinary into magic, reflecting the unique creation of Hakka people in the process of conquering nature. ?

Since the 1960s, the construction of traditional earth buildings has basically stopped. Today, there are hundreds of earth buildings with different shapes in western Fujian and southern Fujian, among which Yongding County and Nanjing County have the largest number, each with more than 100 earth buildings. In Yongding, there are 54 earth building dens distributed in small towns such as Hukeng and Guzhu. In Nanjing, there are many towns such as Shuyang and Meilin. Most of the earth buildings are well preserved and still inhabited. It is mixed with ordinary houses, making the huge earth building stand out from the crowd. The "Chengqi Building" in Gaobei Village, Guzhu Township, Yongding County has frequently appeared in movies and TV dramas, and has also been included in the Dictionary of Places of Interest in China, becoming one of the marks of "residential houses" in China. With its unique round architectural modeling specimens, the reputation of Yongding Tulou spread like wildfire and became synonymous with Hakka Tulou in Fujian.

[Edit this paragraph] Highlights

The most exquisite in Nanjing County is the Tianluokeng Tulou Group. Standing halfway up the mountain in Nanshan District, you can see four circular buildings arching down the mountain to form a square building. The layers of earth walls echo the layers of terraces, which is strange and beautiful. Although He Jiong Tower, the tallest earthen building in Nanjing, was built in a swamp, it still stands. Now the exquisite Huaiyuan Building has smooth walls, superb rammed earth formula and rammed construction skills, and carved beams and painted buildings inside, which is full of quaint and scholarly atmosphere.

The most famous tower in Yongding County is Zhencheng Tower. Known as the "Prince of Earth Building" and "the most magnificent circular building", the Zhencheng Tower consists of an inner ring building and an outer ring building. It is completely built according to the "Eight Diagrams" layout in the Book of Changes. Between the hexagrams, a blue brick fireproof partition wall is built, and the partition wall is arched. As soon as the door is closed, it becomes a yard, which does not interfere with each other. As soon as the door is opened, the whole building is connected together. Moreover, the inner ring building with brick and wood structure and imitation of western decoration is different from the outer ring building with frame beam civil structure. This "combination of Chinese and western" architectural style is very rare in tulou.

In addition to superb architectural skills, the builders of tulou are also very particular about the location of tulou. The environment of tulou is mostly elegant and quiet. Open the window, the lush trees come into view one by one, and the flowers and fruits are fragrant, which can be described as one step at a time.

[Edit this paragraph] Application process

-Take "Earth and Tulou Group" as an example.

World cultural heritage refers to irreplaceable cultural monuments with outstanding value accumulated in the process of human development. It is divided into three categories: cultural relics, buildings and sites. Hua 'an Tulou is declared as a world heritage, which belongs to the category of cultural heritage. ?

Earth buildings (Eryi Building, Nanyang Building and Dongyang Building) are the treasures of China residential buildings. Declaring the world cultural heritage is a great event that contributes to the present and benefits the future, and it is related to the national interests and the future development of Hua' an. It is of great strategic and far-reaching historical significance to protect the history and culture of Hua 'an, improve its popularity at home and abroad and promote its economic and social development. ?

199 1 in March, the eryi building of Hua' an dida tulou group was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Fujian province. 1996165438+10, eryi building was approved by the State Council as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units; ?

1999 10, Hua' an county party Committee and county government officially launched the project of "Hua' an tulou applying for world cultural heritage"; ?

In May 2006, Nanyang Building was approved as the sixth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. ?

On June 5438+ 10, 2007, the State Council officially approved Fujian Tulou (including Hua 'an Tulou Group) as a project to submit the world cultural heritage to the United Nations on behalf of China in 2008, and the English declaration text has been accepted by UNESCO. In August, 2007, experts from the International Council of Monuments and Sites made a field assessment and investigation of Hua 'an Earth Building. ?

On July 6, 2008, as an important part of Fujian Tulou, Hua 'an Tulou Group will vote at the 32nd World Heritage Conference.

[Edit this paragraph] Travel tips

Transportation: Hakka earth buildings are mostly distributed in Nanjing County, Zhangzhou City and Yongding County, Longyan City, Fujian Province. There are trains from Guangzhou to Zhangzhou and Longyan, and most of the township roads in Nanjing and Yongding County are asphalt roads, so driving is generally no problem.

Accommodation: Nanjing and Yongding counties have good accommodation conditions. There are all kinds of hotels, and living in tulou is also a good choice.

Gourmet: Hakka dishes are rich in flavor and characterized by "salty, fat and cooked". Brine chicken, stuffed tofu and braised pork are indispensable.

[Edit this paragraph] Travel guide

From Xiamen to Yongding Tulou, you can take a special bus or bus. It's expensive but convenient to take a private car. You have to get off at Hukeng Town by bus. There is a fork in the road from Hukeng Town to Nanxi Tulou Group, where you can go back and forth. A car won't overtake 25 yuan. You can also go to Tianluokeng on Nanxi Road, and you can see the tulou on the other side of Luxi along the way. If you don't go to Shuyang, Nanjing, you can go to see the snail pit from Nanxi, and then return to Gaotou, Hongkeng and Hukeng from the road under the tower. If you still want to go to Shuyang, I suggest going back and forth to the observation deck. After seeing Hongkeng and Gaotou, it is more convenient to go to Shuyang via Taxia Village and Hotan Luokeng. It is said that the observation deck can see the whole picture of Nanxi Tulou. Because of the time, I didn't go there this time, and I don't know what the scenery is like. But the gurgling Nanxi River is like a ribbon, strung with tulou and pearls in various villages along the way, dotted with small bridges and flowing water. The scenery is beautiful and worth recommending. ?

The westernmost point is the Bajiao Building (Dongcheng Building) in Nanjiang Village, which is actually a square building, but the four corners are cut at a small oblique angle, not a regular octagon. There are residents in the building, and tickets are not charged. I like a small garden building next to Dongcheng Building, where there are 4 brothers and 7 families. The door is facing the small bridge, full of vitality and interest. ?

Then drive east for 5 minutes to the Huanji Building in Nanzhong Village. 5 yuan/person sanitation fee is charged for Huanji Building, but the building is really clean. The biggest feature of the ring foundation building is its strong seismic performance, which has experienced many earthquakes in the past 300 years. After an earthquake, it left a crack more than 3 meters long and 1 foot wide. Due to the centripetal force of the circular building and the traction of the structure, the crack miraculously closed slowly, leaving only a slender crack, and the whole building was safe and upright. There is no ancestral temple in the central building. In the center of the ring tower, you can hear very obvious echoes when you stamp your feet or shout loudly or sing, like the echo wall of the Temple of Heaven in Beijing. ?

It takes 5 minutes to walk east to reach the Xiang Yan Building in Xinnan Village. Xiang Yan Mansion is located beside a pool of clear water, and the scenery is very good. This pool, called Huangtan, is a miniature reservoir with a small generator set inside. The gate layout of this earth building is quite special, and a series of peripheral accessories have been added. Inside and outside the main hall, the walls, left and right doors and other brick and wood are finely carved, and the paintings and calligraphy on the walls are also exquisite. The lintel reads "Dafudi" and belongs to a family of poets and calligraphers. This building is also a 5 yuan/person health charge, and it is also very clean. ?

Go east for about 10 minutes, and the Zhen Fu Building is near the stream. This building is not on the side of the road, and the gate is facing Nanxi, which is surrounded by mountains and waters. It hasn't been opened yet because it has been contracted to develop into an exhibition hall. It is said that a large number of Shi Zhuan materials are used in the building, which are exquisitely carved, with a magnificent combination of Chinese and western materials. ?

Back to Hukeng Town. In the town, you can pack noodles and motorcycles, and you can also stay, supply and eat FB. There is a Midland Hotel not far from the intersection, with simple facade facilities. A big bowl of soup steamed rabbit meat only needs 10 yuan, as well as braised pork with plum vegetables, stewed tofu and salted duck blood ... all tastes good. Compared with the nearby A Qing Hotel, it is really much more. ?

If you don't go to Chuxi, you can take the shuttle bus directly from Yongding County to Hongkeng (Tulou Culture Village) (9 yuan) or Gaotou (Gaobei Tulou Group) (1 1 yuan). The road between Gaotou and Hongkeng is being repaired with cement pavement, and it is said that it can be repaired before New Year's Day. There was basically a lot of contact (3 yuan/person). ?

Tickets for Hongcun Tulou Cultural Village 40 yuan. Motorcycles can be brought in directly, but you can't enter the tulou without buying a ticket. Moreover, once someone is found to enter the village without buying a ticket, the security guard will arrange a ticket inspection, so it is difficult to be driven out? . The earth buildings in Hongkeng, such as Zhencheng Building, Fuyu Building and Queju House, are still very representative. Compared with the tickets of Chuxi 50 yuan, you can still go in and have a look. It is said that security guards can go in and watch it without spending money after work in the morning and evening. ?

You can live in Hongkeng, and you can live in Tulou, about 30 yuan/person, with convenient transportation.

It's about 20 minutes' journey from Hongkeng to Gaotou. As we approach Gaotou, Gaobei Tulou Group is on the left hand side of the road. Of course, the most classic is Chengqi Building, which is known as the "King of Earth Buildings". "Four floors, four floors, 400 rooms up and down; The circle in the circle, the circle in the trap, has experienced three hundred years of vicissitudes. " ? Fujian folk stamps are based on Chengqi Building. Tickets are 30 yuan, so you can sneak in when the administrator comes home (now the administrator's home is next to the tulou), regardless of the well-intentioned threat of the villagers? . Tulou tour, one is macro, overlooking from a height; One is microscopic, wandering in the building. If you don't go in and have a look, it will always be a pity. From the direction of Hongkeng to the corner of the road near Chengqi Building, there is a small sign indicating the direction to the observation deck. The observation deck is actually the top of the mountain. Here you can overlook the tulou scenery of Gaobei Village. There is also a circular building next to Chengqi Building, which is called "Qiaofu Building" and collects 5 yuan health fees. The building is empty and not worth visiting. In fact, the appearance of other houses in Gaobei Village is also very distinctive, so you can look around. ?

Gaotou came to a fork in the road some distance ago, heading for Qujiang and Tower. Both roads can go to Shuyang, and there are tulou along the way. However, the journey to Taxia Village is short, and Yuchang Building in Taxia Village and Banxia Village must not be missed. Therefore, the recommended route: you can first look at the Hekeng Qixing Tulou Group in Qujiang direction, and then turn around and walk under the tower. ?

It is about 2-3 kilometers from the fork in the road to Qujiang. The road climbs to a turning slope, and there is a path on the slope that can go down to the village. Here you can see the three buildings at the tail of the Seven-Star Tulou Group in Hekeng. There is a path uphill on the left hand side of the road. You have to climb to the tower of the high-voltage line to see the whole picture of the earth building in the river pit. The earth buildings in the village are very concentrated, but the individual ones don't look very special. If you are interested, you can cross a bridge before the road slope and enter the village along the riverside road. ?

If you have time, you can continue to go to Shi Qiaocun. It is said that various forms and distribution laws of tulou can be found here, and it is a model of tulou in the book China Residential Architecture. ?

Go back to the fork in the road and continue to walk under the tower. Sleepy, the road turned into a bay, and a gulfstream appeared in front of me. The flowing water is layered on top of each other. At first glance, the houses on both sides taste a bit like diaojiao building, and a long bridge with special style spans the stream. When clamoring for the driver to stop, the driver will tell you: this is Taxia Village. ?

Different from the large-scale earth buildings in other villages, the houses here are more small families built on the mountain. Walking in the alley, accidentally passing through the back door, worried that a big black dog is watching you coldly? Someone is making tea, and the fragrance of tea lingers around half the village, which is better than the flowers and plants placed on the windows and walls of porches of various households. ?

Passing through the small village, on the back slope of the village is the ancestral temple of the Zhang family-Deyuantang. Deyuantang is the best preserved ancestral temple we have seen all the way. Brick carvings on the eaves are colorful. Cai Feng, Qinglong, lion, kingfisher, all kinds of flowers ... The woodcarvings and lacquer paintings on the gates and beams are well preserved, beautifully made and as bright as new. The reason why this hall belongs to the provincial cultural relics protection unit lies in the 23 panlong columns (265,438+0 old columns and 2 new columns) standing in front of the ancestral hall. There is a local custom of setting up a dragon flag column for meritorious people. There are a large number of flag column forests in front of Deyuan Hall, which are well preserved. ?

There is no need for tickets here, and all the scenery is free. Highly recommended. ?

Yuchang Building, Banxia Village, is a few minutes' walk east from Taxia Village. Yuchang Building is famous for its strewn at random. Accept 5 yuan/person. It is said that this building was built by five families in the same year, and it took turns to provide meals for the carpenters who built the earth building. However, because of poor communication with each other, the food supply to the carpenter's master is not very timely. This offended the master, so he tampered with it secretly. So that the second and third floors of the building slowly tilt clockwise, while the fourth floor tilts counterclockwise, although it can live. Perhaps the mechanical structure is just balanced, so it has been peaceful for hundreds of years and is regarded as an architectural miracle by modern people. There are still many households living in this building today. Another feature of Yuchang Building is that all the houses on the first floor have wells. Well water is all Fujian tulou, with high water level, clear and sweet. The villagers in the building may invite you to his house to drink organic tea brewed in the well. Tea is okay? Don't know tea, be careful when buying it? . ?

Out of Yuchang Building, and then go to the snail pit. It is the famous four dishes and one soup, because four circular buildings are named after a square building. It is said that from the bottom, it looks like five different colors of mushrooms (the colors of tulou are slightly different, some are light blue and some are light red); Viewed from the side, it looks like Potala Palace (far-fetched); Seen from above, it's four dishes and one soup. Without entering the village, the car took a side corner on the side of the road and drove directly to the observation deck. The observation deck is on the side of the road, just above the village, the angle is blocked, and there is no trace anywhere next to it. Therefore, the management office boldly collects tickets from 20 yuan people. Are tourists really helpless just for that little scenery? . ?

After the snail pit, it winds down the mountain, and it takes less than 1 hour to reach Shuyang Town. There are honey pomelo on the road, about 50 cents a catty, and the small one is about 1 yuan. ?

There are not many cars in Shuyang town. There are only 4-5 trains to Nanjing every day, about 7 am, 9 am, afternoon 12, afternoon 1, and 4 pm. Admission per person 10 yuan. You can pack a card to Nanjing, 48km away, around 100, and the motorcycle asking price is 50 yuan (the motorcycle asking price here in Shuyang is much higher than that in Hukeng, so pay attention to bargaining). ?

Passing through Lu Fenglian's hometown along the way, if you have time, you can also visit Huaiyuan Building in Meilin Town, Pushan Village Building, Fuxing Building in Xiashan Village in Chuanchang Town, Half Moon Building and Building in Xinluo Village in Nankeng Town, and the most pocket-sized earth building-such as Sheng Building. ? Nanjing Fujian Tulou Museum is located in Tianzhong Village, Shuyang Town, 50 kilometers away from Nanjing County and 2 kilometers away from Shuyang Town. It is the only place from Nanjing to Nanjing Tulou. It used to be the ancestral hall of Lv Xiulian, the former leader of Taiwan Province Province.

The road winds along the dock stream, and many banana forests are beautiful. The journey is about 1 hour, and the road conditions are good. In addition to tulou, Nanjing also has hot springs and tropical rain forest reserves. The road conditions are not bad and it is worth visiting. ?

Nanjing belongs to Zhangzhou city. It's convenient to take a taxi to Zhangzhou, 10 yuan/person, about 35-40 minutes. ?

Value added data

1? Building a strong earth building with sand protein

The history of Fujian Tulou can be traced back to the Song and Yuan Dynasties. Today, more than 1000 earth buildings are distributed in Nanshan District of southwest Fujian, which are mainly divided into circular buildings, square buildings and Wufeng buildings. Building materials are made of mud, sand, bamboo and wood, and even brown sugar and protein. Using local materials, the earth building with a thickness of one to two meters can resist the invasion of wild animals or thieves, and also has the functions of fire prevention and earthquake resistance, warm in winter and cool in summer.

2? The United States was mistaken for a nuclear silo.

During the Cold War in the 1960s, the unique Hakka earth building was mistaken for a nuclear bomb silo by the United States. After 20 years of research, spy satellites have taken countless pictures (the top view of the earth's buildings), but the "secret" in 1500 "nuclear bomb silos" is still unknown. At the end of 1985, the CIA sent a couple to Nanjing, southern Fujian, pretending to be tourists.

[Edit this paragraph] Researcher Dong Bin explains the geomantic omen of Fujian Tulou.

American International East-West University? Mr. Dong Bin, a senior researcher at the International School of Environmental Landscape Ecology Management, made an evaluation of Fujian Tulou: He thought that Fujian Tulou used various round buildings to drive away "Shaqi", but in fact, the so-called "Shaqi" is a cultural atmosphere that does not conform to the golden mean in China culture and leads the harmonious folk heritage. For thousands of years, the descendants of Tulouzi have thrived, and Tulou is named after auspiciousness, reappearing that dozens of households and hundreds of people "heaven, earth and people" go to the first floor together, which embodies the family tradition of Hakka people living in harmony. In the construction mode, it also reflects the perfect effect of traditional Chinese painting, and contains the "frame scene" culture in the middle. In terms of site selection, it is completely in line with the choice of Tang Ming and Shanshan in geomantic omen. Of course, the builders of ancient earth buildings are very particular about the site selection of earth buildings. The environment of tulou is mostly elegant and quiet. Open the window, the trees are green and the flowers and fruits are fragrant. It can be said that it is a step by step, a step by step, and a layer of good luck, which ushered in today's world cultural heritage. ?

According to Mr. Dong Bin, the "Prince of Tulou" in Fujian Tulou, that is, the "most magnificent round building", consists of an inner ring building and an outer ring building, and is built in full accordance with the "Eight Diagrams" layout of the Book of Changes. Between the hexagrams, a blue brick fireproof partition wall is built, and the partition wall is arched, and the courtyard is closed without interference. As soon as the door was opened, the whole building was connected. This structure embodies the profound and rich livability principle of Bagua Feng Shui. Moreover, the inner ring building is a brick-wood structure, which is decorated in imitation of western style, which is different from the civil structure of the outer ring building which is a frame beam. This "combination of Chinese and western" architectural style embodies the integration of cultures, and it is the expression that Fujian culture is easy to accept foreign excellent cultures and absorb everything in the world as my essence. It is very rare in tulou, and it is also an excellent humanistic inheritance.

Mr. Dong Bin believes that Fujian Tulou's cultural heritage is based on the Fiona Fang structure, which embodies the "three changes" principle of Yijing Feng Shui. When the UNESCO World Heritage Committee considered and approved the inclusion of Suzhou classical gardens in the World Heritage List at the 2nd1session, it praised them as "Yiyuan Garden". Why is it called "Yiyuan"? "Simplicity, variety and difficulty" can also be used as aesthetic standards. You will feel relaxed when you visit the famous gardens in Suzhou. This is simplicity. In refreshing, the winding path changes endlessly. This is called change. Simplicity and change complement each other. It's not easy. These three changes are the cultural soul of China landscape architecture. Therefore, I said that the way of the Book of Changes is applied to the law and lies in people; In the "three changes", "Tao" embodies the most basic and complicated principle of China's aesthetics. Is there a more suitable name than "Yiyuan"? It can be said that "three changes" is the soul principle of China's garden aesthetics! The most exquisite in Nanjing County is the Tianluokeng Tulou Group. Standing halfway up the mountain in Nanshan District, you can see four circular buildings arching down the mountain to form a square building. Layers of earth walls and terraces echo each other from a distance, so that the layers of earth walls are mutually connected and echo each other, which is not only strange and beautiful in appearance, but also echoes the mountains and rivers in momentum. Although He Jiong Tower, the tallest earthen building in Nanjing, was built in a swamp, it still stands. Now the exquisite Huaiyuan Building, with smooth walls, superb rammed earth formula and rammed construction skills, is a perfect combination of geomantic omen and humanistic spirit.

The solid three-in-one earth wall integrates the functions of "three defenses" (windproof, waterproof and shockproof) with the functions of anti-theft and anti-bandits. Mr. Dong Bin thinks that the principles of practicality and aesthetics are also closely combined.

Fujian tulou is a unique large-scale rammed earth residential building in mountainous areas in the world, and it is a creative masterpiece of adobe architecture. Its existence embodies the perfect and harmonious combination of man and nature, and also conforms to the principle of Feng Shui adapting to local conditions. Fujian tulou is built on the mountain with reasonable layout. It not only absorbs the concept of "Feng Shui" in China's traditional architectural planning (see Dong Bin's Modern Feng Shui Mirror), but also adapts to the living and defense requirements of people living together, and skillfully uses the narrow flat land in the mountains and local raw soil, wood, pebbles and other building materials. It is a self-contained, economical, strong and defensive high-rise building type, which is very beautiful.