What are the symptoms of AIDS?

The early symptoms of AIDS AIDS is an infectious disease, and there is no effective treatment at present, so prevention is the main thing. If you suspect that you are infected with AIDS, you can first review whether you have ever had dangerous behaviors (mainly unsafe sexual behaviors, such as prostitution, sexual contact with many people, anal sex, etc. ); * * * Use unclean needles to inject drugs intravenously; Accepting blood or blood products that may be contaminated; Use needles that are not strictly disinfected or other instruments that may cause bleeding, such as razors, ear piercing needles, tattoo instruments, etc.; Pregnant women infected with HIV give birth, etc. ). There are also handshakes, courtesy kisses, * * clothes, gloves and shoes and socks, * * telephones, hugs, * * toilets and closets, * * tables and chairs, * * books, pens and paper, * * eating together, * * swimming pools and baths, and mosquito bites will not cause HIV infection. After HIV enters the human body, it will not make the human body feel abnormal soon. There may be no symptoms in the first few years, and the appearance looks completely normal. They can work and live for years without any symptoms. It takes an average of 7 ~ 10 years for HIV infected people to develop symptoms. Within a few weeks (4 ~ 8 weeks) after being infected with HIV, some acute early symptoms may appear, such as swollen lymph nodes, rash, night sweats, headache and cough. Others are similar to the common cold. People with high-risk behaviors may be highly suspected of being infected with AIDS if they have the following symptoms, such as long-term low-grade fever, chronic diarrhea, emaciation, cough, night sweats, etc. If you suspect that you may be infected with HIV, you should go to a qualified hospital, health and epidemic prevention station or other designated health departments for HIV antibody testing as soon as possible. To determine whether it is infected with HIV. Everyone who has just been infected with HIV has a window. The so-called window period refers to the time from the initial entry of HIV into the human body to the production of detectable virus antibodies, usually two weeks to three months, or even half a year. Therefore, if a person has risky behavior and is afraid of being infected with AIDS, he will immediately do an HIV antibody test and the result is negative. At this time, it is too early to conclude that this person is not infected with AIDS, and it is necessary to wait for the window period to pass before checking. If there is no problem in the second examination, it can be confirmed that this person is not infected with HIV, but it must also be confirmed that this person has no new dangerous behavior before the second examination. Especially if a person is really infected with HIV, even in the so-called window period, this person can still spread HIV. When the virus is infected, the incubation period of AIDS begins. Before the emergence of new drug combination therapy, the average incubation period was as long as five to ten years, depending on the degree of personal care, but it may be longer. In other words, infected people will not have any symptoms during this period, but can live and work like ordinary people. Until the immune system in the body is completely destroyed and collapsed by HIV, opportunistic infections occur due to loss of resistance, which leads to diseases. The virus will produce antibodies after entering the human body, and the current detection is based on detecting antibodies. But at this time, because the antibody concentration is not enough, the correct result cannot be detected, and it must wait until a period of time before it can be detected. This period of time is the empty window period. For most people, the length of the blank window period is three months. In other words, if you have dangerous sex on 1 February1day, the blank window period begins to be calculated. In other words, the effective inspection date should be March 1 day. There is also a necessary condition, that is, there can be no other dangerous sexual behavior within these three months, otherwise it must be recalculated. But there are also a few people who may have an empty window for more than three months, half a year or even longer; In addition, some friends may be in the window for a long time (such as persistent sexual partners, intravenous drug addiction, and even housewives). If so, I suggest you take the number of sexual partners and the frequency of sexual behavior as the basis for regular inspection. If there are many partners, it is recommended to test once every six months; On the contrary, you can do it once a year. There is a complete natural process from HIV infection to onset. Clinically, this process is divided into four stages: acute infection period, incubation period, pre-AIDS period and typical AIDS period. Not every infected person will have a complete four-stage performance, but patients at every disease stage can see it clinically. The different clinical manifestations in the four periods are a gradual and coherent development process. 1, the window of acute infection period is also at this time. The response to physical stimulation after HIV attacks the human body. The patient developed fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and pharyngitis. Some people also suffer from acute aseptic meningitis, which is characterized by headache, neurological symptoms and meningeal irritation. Peripheral blood tests showed that the total number of white blood cells was normal, or lymphocytes decreased and monocytes increased. In acute infection, the symptoms are often mild and easy to be ignored. After 2-6 weeks of infection, the serum HIV antibody can be positive. Since then, a relatively healthy and asymptomatic incubation period has appeared in clinic. 2. Incubation infection may not have any clinical symptoms, but the incubation period is not a static period, let alone a safe period. The virus keeps multiplying and is extremely destructive. The incubation period refers to the time from HIV infection to the appearance of clinical symptoms and signs of AIDS. It is now considered that the average incubation period of AIDS is 2- 10 years. This has caused great difficulties for early detection and prevention of patients. 3. AIDS-related symptoms and signs began to appear after the pre-AIDS incubation period until it developed into a typical AIDS. There are many names during this period, including AIDS-related syndrome, lymphadenopathy-related syndrome, persistent systemic lymphadenopathy, pre-AIDS syndrome and so on. At this time, the patient has the most basic feature of AIDS, that is, cellular immune deficiency, but the symptoms are mild. The main clinical manifestations are as follows: A. Lymph node enlargement is one of the most important clinical manifestations at this stage. Mainly superficial lymphadenopathy. The most common parts are head and neck, armpit, groin, back of neck, front of ear, back of ear, femoral lymph nodes, submandibular lymph nodes and so on. Generally, there are at least two or more parts, some as many as a dozen. Enlarged lymph nodes do not respond to general treatment, and often last for more than half a year. About 30% patients only have superficial lymphadenopathy clinically, and there are no other systemic symptoms. B. Patients with systemic symptoms often have symptoms such as general malaise and muscle pain caused by viral diseases. About 50% patients have fatigue and periodic low fever, which often lasts for several months. Night sweats,/kloc-0 more than 5 times a month. About 65,438+0/3 patients lost more than 65,438+00% weight. This weight loss cannot be explained by fever alone, nor can it be controlled by supplementing enough calories. Some patients have headache, depression or anxiety, some have sensory nerve endings, which may be related to the virus invading the nervous system, and some may have reactive mental disorders. 3/4 patients may have splenomegaly. C. Various infections During this period, in addition to the above superficial lymphadenopathy and systemic symptoms, patients often have various special or recurrent non-fatal infections. Repeated infection will accelerate the development of the disease and make the disease enter a typical AIDS period. About half of patients have severe tinea pedis, usually unilateral, and lack effective response to local treatment. Patients often suffer from staphylococcus infection and bullous abscess in armpit and groin, and patients often suffer from condyloma acuminatum and verruca vulgaris virus infection in perianal region, genitals, weight-bearing parts and oral mucosa. The incidence of herpes simplex and herpes zoster in the mouth and lips is also significantly higher than that in the normal population. Oral Candida albicans is also quite common, mainly manifested as oral mucosal erosion, congestion and cheese-like coverage. Other common infections are non-streptococcal pharyngitis, acute and chronic sinusitis and intestinal parasitic infection. Many patients defecate more frequently and become thinner and more sticky. It may be related to proctitis and the invasion of intestinal tract by various pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, hairy leukoplakia can appear in the oral cavity, and the existence of hairy leukoplakia is an important clue for early diagnosis of AIDS. The typical AIDS period is called fatal AIDS by some scholars, and it is the last stage of HIV infection. This period has three basic characteristics: severe cellular immune deficiency and various fatal opportunistic infections. All kinds of malignant tumors occur. At the end of AIDS, the immune function completely collapsed, and patients developed various serious comprehensive diseases until they died. The diagnosis of AIDS can not only rely on clinical manifestations. The most important basis is whether the examiner's blood test is positive. Therefore, if you suspect that you are infected with HIV, you should go to the local health and quarantine department for inspection in time, and don't make a diagnosis yourself. A considerable number of people can be infected with HIV for up to ten years without obvious symptoms. But its blood and semen still contain viruses. If dangerous activities occur during this period, the virus will be transmitted to sexual partners. So no symptoms are not necessarily no infection. The following are some initial symptoms and their incidence after HIV infection. These symptoms usually appear within 2-4 weeks after infection. It takes an average of 3 months to confirm the infection through blood test. So if you have had dangerous activities recently and have several symptoms, please be sure to see a doctor: 1. Persistent low fever (93%) 2. Fatigue (90%) 3. Unknown laryngitis (70%) 4. Sudden weight loss exceeds 10% (70%) 5. Headache (60%)