What is the role of contract network architecture diagram in project management?

In the process of project management, it is very important to establish a contract network. From the perspective of project management, this paper discusses how to effectively establish contract network in construction project management, so as to give full play to the role of contract network architecture diagram in project construction.

I. What is the contract network architecture diagram?

In engineering practice, there is a complex contractual relationship between the owner and the contractor. Whether active or passive; Many contracts will be signed between the owner and many contractors and equipment suppliers, forming many contractual relationships. This contractual relationship is shown in the form of charts, which we call the contract network architecture diagram.

As can be seen from the contract network frame diagram (draft) we prepared for the new office building project of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security:

1. The owner is the Ministry of Labor and Social Security/the State Council Municipal Bureau of Government Affairs, with a project management department. The Ministry of Labor and Social Security leads the project management department to implement project management for the new office building. 2. The design unit is China Architectural Survey and Design Institute. It is the general contractor of the new office building design of the Ministry of Labor and Social Security, and is responsible for the construction and installation engineering design of the new office building. At the same time, the project intends to specify and subcontract fine decoration design, landscaping design, rain and sewage road design, power perimeter design, telecom perimeter design and cable TV perimeter design. China Institute of Architectural Survey and Design undertakes the responsibility of coordination, cooperation and inspection for these subcontractors. 3. The general construction contractor is to be determined. The construction unit undertook the general contracting of the new office building, the civil construction tasks and the installation of water supply and drainage pipelines. The owner subcontracts earthwork and slope protection engineering, electromechanical installation engineering, weak current integration engineering, fire fighting engineering, elevator engineering, stone curtain wall engineering, glass curtain wall engineering, aluminum alloy window engineering, 1-3 floor fine decoration engineering and 4-6 floor fine decoration engineering; At the same time, the owner shall provide the owner with wooden doors, fire doors and sanitary ware. 4. Office building construction supervision unit to be determined. Municipal supervision unit to be determined. 5. The owner shall subcontract municipal works, such as rain and sewage road works, landscaping works, tap water perimeter works, power perimeter works, telecom perimeter works, cable TV perimeter works, outdoor lighting works, etc. 6. Weak current integration project subcontracts garage management system, red telephone and mobile phone live broadcast, security monitoring and broadcasting, integrated wiring, cable and satellite TV, and building automatic control system. The stone curtain wall is supplied by the owner, and the electromechanical installation project is supplied by the owner, including diesel generator set, direct-fired generator set, air conditioning unit, cooling tower and high and low voltage distribution cabinet.

This is a project of owner responsibility system, and the owner manages the project through the project management department; This is a project that implements the supervision responsibility system; This is still a project with general contracting responsibility system, but the owner reserves the right to designate subcontracting for electromechanical installation, elevator, weak current project, fine decoration project and external wall project, and the main equipment such as diesel generator set, direct-fired unit, air conditioning unit, cooling tower and high and low voltage distribution cabinet is supplied by the owner. , thus affecting the quality and cost of the project. As can be seen from the example of the above-mentioned contract network architecture diagram, the contract network architecture reflects the contract relationship of an engineering project.

Second, the necessity of establishing contract network architecture

For a complex large-scale public building, it is rare for a construction unit to fully undertake all the construction business. Generally speaking, there are always various subcontractors and designated subcontractors. Subcontracting exists for the following reasons:

1. The general contractor is not qualified to complete all projects. China implements a strict construction qualification system for engineering construction, and few construction units have all the construction qualifications, including civil engineering, Jian 'an, fire protection, weak current, elevators and so on. In this way, objectively, the construction unit must subcontract some professional partial projects to construction units with corresponding qualifications. 2. The price of complete construction general contracting is always higher than that of parallel subcontracting projects. For cost control reasons, owners are often reluctant to hand over all the projects to a construction unit, but often one company undertakes the civil construction, while the electromechanical installation is handed over to another company, and elevators, fire fighting and weak electricity are subcontracted. 3. The particularly important equipment and materials that affect the project quality and cost are generally supplied by the owner.

This situation is still common in large-scale project construction. Because the construction unit has neglected the establishment of the contract network architecture, the phenomenon of unclear contract relationship is everywhere, which has caused great losses to the construction unit. One of the solutions is to draw the contract network architecture diagram. By compiling the architecture diagram of the contract network, the idea of project management is clarified and a practical contract network is designed. However, in the current project management research, few people discuss the contract network architecture, and the research on the contract itself is often much higher than that on the contract architecture. I think this is a noticeable problem in current project management. Contract network architecture is the basis of establishing contract relationship. The research on it will help us to grasp the main line of project management and play an important role.

Third, the role of contract network architecture in project management

In my opinion, the position of contract network architecture in project management is closely related to WBS decomposition structure in project management. Contract network architecture is an organizational analysis structure (OBS) used to show that work elements have been assigned to specific organizational units. In engineering projects, all parties involved in engineering construction, including design, construction, supervision and material supply units, are concrete organizational units. These units sign contracts with owners' management departments according to different situations, among which the most important contracts are design contracts, supervision contracts and general construction contracts; All subcontractors shall sign subcontracts with the general contractor; The owner, the construction unit and the supplier sign a contract for the supply of equipment and materials. For the owner, the contract structure diagram is the relationship diagram of the contract.

Establishing these relationships has the following functions:

1. Divide the whole project into smaller units that are relatively independent and easy to manage. 2. Connect these units with the organizations participating in the project and determine the work to be completed by these organizations in the form of contracts. 3. Make a detailed time and cost estimate for each unit, and form a schedule target and a cost target. 4. Determine the work content, quality standards and completion sequence of each work in the project, and establish the project quality control plan. 5. Estimate the cost of the whole project process and establish the project cost control plan. 6. Predict the project completion time and make the project schedule control plan.

Four, how to establish the contract network architecture

In my opinion, when establishing the contract network architecture, we should pay attention to the following issues:

1, sort out the management ideas and determine whether to adopt the general contracting responsibility system or parallel contracting. Partial projects in large-scale projects are highly professional, such as elevator projects, which are generally installed by manufacturers, which is conducive to distinguishing responsibilities and ensuring project quality; Because of the restriction of fire protection law, fire protection projects are generally undertaken by construction units recognized by local fire departments; Glass curtain wall and other projects should also have certain construction qualifications. For the management of these subcontracts, one is the direct management of the owner, and the other is the general contractor management. In my opinion, the general contracting responsibility system should be an inevitable choice for the management of large and medium-sized construction projects. General contractors generally choose civil engineering units, which play a leading role in engineering construction, and are conducive to the coordination of temporary water use, temporary electricity use, vertical transportation, garbage removal, safety and environmental management, and on-site security. General contracting units charge a certain proportion of general contracting service fees and provide services to these units, which can greatly reduce contradictions and problems in construction. However, in small-scale projects, if the owner has strong management ability, the management mode of parallel contracting can also be adopted.

2. The management mode should be determined in the preparation stage of the project, and a kind of * * * knowledge should be formed among the project commanders, rather than constantly changing during the project. After the construction and civil works of a five-star hotel were completed, a Hong Kong company was identified as the general contractor for equipment installation and decoration works at the beginning, and a contract was signed. However, in the process of construction, there was a contradiction with the construction unit, and the construction unit canceled the original contract and changed to parallel contract management. As a result, the original general contractor was extremely dissatisfied, which caused the loss of the whole project for more than one year, and the loss caused by the construction materials and quality control of the whole project was even more difficult to estimate. 3. Equipment and material supply management. Some owners believe that the power to supply equipment and materials must be in their own hands, which can reduce the project cost. I think this understanding is one-sided. The key problem lies in the influence of supply scope and supply time on the project. When the owner makes an inquiry for equipment, there is often no strict procurement scope. In this way, many times some auxiliary materials and equipment are not purchased, and the construction unit will make a claim when installing, which will affect the construction period. I think it is more appropriate to divide the equipment and materials into three categories: (1) Category A, which is purchased by the owner.

4. For the design, the general contracting responsibility system should be implemented. It is rare for design units to implement the general contract responsibility system in China at present. But it is also very necessary. Domestic design institutes generally do not undertake weak current construction drawing design and fine decoration design, but when the owner determines weak current and fine decoration design, the engineering design unit must provide information to the contractor and assume the responsibility of guidance. To implement the general contracting responsibility system and make it clear that the general contractor is responsible for all the design of the project, it is necessary to carefully review the secondary design, which can greatly reduce the problems existing in the design. There will also be no serious problems such as changing beams and columns at will during decoration, affecting structural safety, changing fire protection zones, and affecting fire protection approval. Problems such as weak current, contradiction with water and electricity pipelines and opening holes at will also be well curbed. 5. Control the number of subcontracts. Subcontracting is the product of socialized mass production, but the finer the points, the better. In particular, subcontracting designated by the owner should be strictly restricted. Because the owner intervenes too much, the responsibility of the general contractor will be reduced, the construction interface will increase, and the cooperation of construction will also have problems. Subcontractors' subcontracts should be strictly restricted to avoid hidden dangers to project quality and schedule management due to multi-level and multiple subcontracts.

Five, the main management work after the establishment of the contract network

After establishing the contract network architecture, it is also necessary to establish a master control plan for project quality work, project progress, project investment, project environment and safety.

1, quality control plan The quality control plan shall follow the following principles:

(1) engineering quality control should be based on contract management, through scientific bidding, select excellent design units, supervision units, general contractors, subcontractors and material suppliers, and bind design units and contractors with strict contract conditions. ② Quality management should strictly implement the methods and procedures of quality assurance system. Strictly implement the company's quality manuals, procedures and work instructions to ensure the quality of work, and ensure the quality of the project with excellent work quality, thus ensuring the excellent quality of the project. (3) Quality management should run through the whole process of the project and implement total factor management. At all stages of the project, we should conscientiously implement the management measures before, during and after the project, and strictly establish the idea of pre-management (that is, pre-control). Take the combination of organizational measures, management measures and technical measures to form an advanced, strict and reliable management. Combined with the actual project, focus on the three-level construction technical management of "construction organization design, special construction scheme, construction technical disclosure", "self-inspection, mutual inspection, handover inspection" and "inspection lot, sub-item and sub-project".

2, the project schedule master plan project schedule control is divided into three levels:

① First-level plan: the master control plan of project progress confirmed by the owner, supervisor, design and construction general contractor; The content covers all the work that affects the progress in the whole process of project development. Highlight the functional work of the owner and management company, such as preliminary procedures and bidding work. ② Secondary plan: a professional engineering construction network plan compiled by various professional subcontractors, summarized by the general contractor and approved by the supervisor. Its main purpose is to divide the flow direction and coordinate the construction content and order within the specialty. ③ Three-level plan: that is, the general contractor summarizes the short-period construction plans prepared by subcontractors covering the construction contents of various disciplines, such as monthly/weekly comprehensive project plans and special project comprehensive plans, etc., highlighting the arrangement of construction flow between professional workshops and the occupation of construction sites.

3. The main means of investment control in the general control plan of project investment include:

① Take active pre-control measures to control investment. According to the cost experience data of the construction market, firstly, according to the project design (type, scale, standard, etc.), the main cost components of the project are decomposed according to the collaborative network architecture. ), and form the project cost control master plan. This scheme and all detailed cost budget estimation indicators will be used as the upper limit of affordable quotation in future project bidding. For the projects that have not completed the construction drawing design at that time, this index can be used as the main basis to guide the design unit to control the design standards. (2) Using the contract (tender) conditions to control the project negotiation, this method is conducive to the contractor's claim energy to avoid losses and reduce the conflict between the contractor and the owner. (3) In order to master the payment process of the project progress payment, make financing arrangements. On the basis of compiling the master control plan of project cost, compare the contents of the master control plan of project progress, and prepare the annual, quarterly or monthly payment plan of project engineering cost according to the specific situation of drawing up various contract funds (installment arrangement).

4. Project Environment and Safety Control Plan Environmental protection and construction safety of the project are also important contents of project management. All construction units are required to establish a responsibility system for production safety and environmental management, establish and maintain environmental and safety working procedures, and strictly manage the site.

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