The Historical Evolution of Mumbai

Mumbai, Mumbai Seven Islands, is a group of islands composed of seven small islands, called Mumbai Seven Islands.

Cultural relics found in northern Mumbai show that these islands have been inhabited since the Stone Age. The earliest written records can be traced back to 250 BC. The ancient Greeks who came here called it "heptane", which means "seven islands". In the 3rd century BC, these islands were part of the Peacock Dynasty and were ruled by the Buddhist emperor Ashoka. Later, the Hindu Shirhala dynasty ruled these islands until 1343 was annexed by the Muslim kingdom of Gujarat. Some of the oldest buildings in the archipelago-the Elephant Island Grottoes and the Valchi Wa Temple complex can be traced back to this period. 1534 65438+On February 23rd, the Portuguese acquired these islands from Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat. 161On June 23rd, Princess Catherine of Portugal married King charles ii of England, and these islands were given to England as a dowry. 1in September, 668, these islands were subletted to the British East India Company with an annual rent of 10. The company built a deep-water port on the east coast of the island as their first port of call in the South Asian subcontinent. The urban population is growing rapidly, from 166 1 to 1 10,000 in 1675; 1687, the British East India Company moved its headquarters from surat to Mumbai. The city eventually became the headquarters of the Mumbai district. Since 18 17, the city has undergone a large-scale transformation, and large-scale civil engineering has merged this group of islands into a large block. This project, called Hornby Reclamation Project, was completed in 1845, which made the urban area soar several times to 438Km? . 1853, the railway connecting Mumbai and Tana was opened to traffic, which is the first passenger railway line in India. During the American Civil War (186 1- 1865), Mumbai became the world's leading cotton trading market, which brought the city's economic prosperity. Soon, with the opening of the Suez Canal 1869, Mumbai became one of the largest seaports in the Arabian Sea.

In the following 30 years, the city grew into a major central city, which stimulated the improvement of urban infrastructure and the construction of buildings by many institutions. 1906, the urban population expanded to10 million, ranking second in India, second only to Kolkata. As the capital of Mumbai, it is also the main base of India's independence movement. Mahatma Gandhi's withdrawal from India in 1942 is the most prominent event in this region. 1947 After India became independent, the city became the capital of Mumbai. 1950, the city expanded to the existing border and merged a part of the northern part of Salsater Island.

From 65438 to 0955, Indian states began to reorganize according to language. Marathi and Gujarat in Mumbai demand that the state be divided into Maharashtra and Gujarat. At the same time, the ownership of Mumbai is also seriously controversial. One of the opinions is that the city should establish an autonomous city-state. Maladi people insist on Mumbai as the capital of Maharashtra, which even leads to large-scale riots and bloody conflicts. Although their protest was successful in the end, the police shot and killed 105 people. 1 960 may1day, Maharashtra, with Mumbai as its capital, was proclaimed. In the late 1970s, Mumbai replaced Kolkata as the most populous city in India. The construction industry is booming and a large number of immigrants are pouring in. Shiva Army Party was founded in 1966, claiming to defend the rights of "sons of the land" (Maharashtra people). 1992, after a large-scale sectarian violence in this city, the long-term social structure was torn apart, causing extensive loss of life and property. A few months later, on March 2, 12, the Mumbai underworld made a series of bombings in several city landmarks in Mumbai, killing about 300 people. 1995165438+1On October 22nd, the Maharashtra government, in power of Shiva Shenjun Party, changed the name of the city from Mumbai to Mumbai in order to implement its policy of changing the historical name left over from the colonial system.

In 2006, a series of train explosions occurred in Mumbai in July 2006 1 1. Several bombs exploded almost simultaneously on the suburban railway in Mumbai, killing more than 200 people.

In 2008,165438+1October 26th, there were many terrorist attacks in Mumbai, India. Terrorists used grenades and automatic rifles to attack many landmark buildings such as Mumbai Railway Station and Taj Mahal Hotel, killing 195 people and injuring more than 300 people.