Which city does Hotan City belong to in Xinjiang Hotan Prefecture?

Belongs to: Hotan City, Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang

Hotian City is located at the northern foot of the Kunlun Mountains and the southern edge of the vast Taklimakan Desert. It was approved by the State Council to be established as a city on September 9, 1983. It was officially listed on August 18, 1984; it is the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of Hotan area. The city's total administrative area is about 466 square kilometers. It currently governs 5 townships and 2 towns, 1 management area, 4 sub-district offices, 1 industrial park and 2 "enclaves". One is Ake, 120 kilometers north of the city. There is a 150,000-acre pasture in Qiale Management Area, and the other is Pixi Pasture, 140 kilometers south of the city, where there is a 1.89-million-acre natural pasture. It is very beautiful during the peak grass season from June to August every year.* ** has 111 administrative villages and 21 communities. It is a multi-ethnic city consisting mainly of Uyghurs and 19 other ethnic groups including Han, Hui and Kazakhs. The current permanent population is about 282,000, of which the urban population is about 96,000, accounting for 34.3% of the total population, and the agricultural population is about 184,000, accounting for 65.7% of the total population. Hotan City is known as "the capital of jade and the hometown of carpets". Jade, carpets, and silk are the "old three treasures" of Hotan and are well-known far and wide and well-known overseas; Uyghur medicine, Dayun, and donkey-hide gelatin are known as the "new three treasures" of Hotan, with huge potential and unlimited business opportunities.

Administrative divisions

The city governs five townships (Shorbag ??Township, Gujiangbag Township, Yiliqi Township, Tushala Township, and Jia Township) and two towns (Las Kui Town, Yulong Kashgar Town), four sub-district offices (Gulbagh Sub-district Office, Nalbagh Sub-district Office, Gujiangbagh Sub-district Office, Nurbagh Sub-district Office), one management area (Akqal management area) and an industrial park (Zhejiang Industrial Park). Map of Hotan City

Economic Development

In 2007, the GDP reached 1.46 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 24.9%, accounting for more than one-third of the entire region; the fixed assets of the whole society Investment was 1.16 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 16.1%, accounting for 40% of the region; total fiscal revenue reached 164 million yuan, of which general budget revenue was 125 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 24.9%, accounting for 39.4% of the region. The total retail sales of consumer goods reached 850.5 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 108.904 million yuan, an increase of 14.7%.

"Project No. 1" ranks first in the region again. In 2007, 58 new and continued investment projects were implemented, with actual disbursed funds of 432 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 43.43%, accounting for 55% of the entire region. Since 2005, a total of 171 investment promotion projects have been implemented, with actual disbursed funds reaching 971 million yuan, ranking first in the region for three consecutive years, accounting for "half of the total investment disbursement funds in the region".

The construction of the park has made breakthrough progress. Despite the short time, heavy tasks, high pressure, and many difficulties, the park construction completed the "three connections and one leveling" in a timely manner. Infrastructure construction such as roads, electricity, water supply and drainage were gradually improved, and 3.5 kilometers of roads such as Hangzhou Avenue were hardened and illuminated. The construction of 4.6 kilometers of water supply and drainage facilities in the engineering and industrial park has been fully completed. There are currently 19 projects in the park, with an estimated total project investment of 190 million yuan, and the actual investment has reached more than 58 million yuan. The main projects of 9 enterprises have been completed. The prototype of the new city has emerged, and the radiation and driving role of the new industry will be fully exerted.

The non-public economy is developing rapidly. The strategy of a lively commercial city has been implemented in depth, the investment environment has continued to improve, and the tertiary industry led by the service industry and trade and tourism has further enhanced its ability to stimulate the city's economy. The number of tourists throughout the year reached 567,600 (including 6,826 foreign guests), a year-on-year increase of 64.64%, and tourism revenue was 41.6948 million yuan, an increase of 51.7% over the same period last year. There are 357 private enterprises in the city with a registered capital of 408 million yuan; there are 6,187 individual industrial and commercial households with a registered capital of 43.9655 million yuan. In addition, the 4th Jade Culture Tourism Festival and the 2nd Handmade Wool Carpet Expo hosted by Hotan City this year have signed projects worth 180 million yuan.

The modern agricultural industry structure has become more reasonable. The agricultural industry structure has been continuously optimized, and the leading industry position of suburban agriculture has become more prominent. The total number of facility agricultural greenhouses has reached 15,360, covering an area of ??25,000 acres. The development of animal husbandry is advancing steadily, with the livestock inventory expected to reach 290,700 heads and 279,800 commercial livestock.

The forest and fruit industry has accelerated its development, and the area of ??high-quality forest and fruit has exceeded 30,000 acres. The results of promoting agriculture through science and technology have been obvious, and we have cultivated 2 autonomous region-level scientific and technological progress demonstration towns, 220 science and technology demonstration households, 7 science and technology demonstration villages, 8 science and technology demonstration sites, 172 farmer technicians, and 4,215 people with scientific and technological savvy. It has been rated as an advanced county and city in scientific and technological progress by the autonomous region for two consecutive years. The added value of township and village enterprises was 160 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 10%. A total of 19,534 people were exported, and labor income was 41.19 million yuan, with per capita income of 2,109 yuan. Various policies to support and benefit agriculture have been fully implemented. The total rural economic income for the year reached 390 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20%.

Counterpart support has achieved historic achievements. We have been more proactive in contacting and communicating with counterpart supporting provinces, municipalities, and relevant units. The Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, Provincial Government, relevant municipalities, units, and all sectors of society have paid more attention to counterpart support work, and have organized multiple groups to visit and provide guidance. Over the past year, there have been 35 batches of exchange visits and exchanges with counterpart support units, involving more than 460 people. The Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee, the Provincial Government and relevant cities and counties have provided free assistance to 14 projects with a total investment of 68 million yuan, and a total investment of 51.5 million yuan has been completed. Jiaxing Kindergarten, Gujiang Bage Anji Middle School, Hangzhou Industrial Hope Primary School, dormitories for cadres aiding Xinjiang, and the main road in the park have all been put into use. Zhejiang Boarding Middle School, West Lake Hope Primary School and other projects have been basically completed. Yabrak Zhejiang New Village and Zhejiang Science and Technology Cultural Activity Center are under implementation. The field of counterpart assistance continues to expand. Jiaxing City, Huzhou City and other places in Zhejiang Province have trained 50 professional and technical cadres for Hotan City free of charge. Counterpart assistance departments at all levels have donated a total of more than 3 million yuan to Hotan City, of which only Hotan City has The free training fees provided by cadres amounted to more than 1.5 million yuan. Counterpart support work has formed a new pattern of aid to Xinjiang in many aspects and fields, ranging from funds and projects to technology and talents, which has greatly promoted the rapid development of various undertakings in Hotan City.

Social Construction

The appearance of urban and rural areas has been greatly changed. In accordance with the idea of ??cross-river development and riverside development, the detailed planning and control planning of Binhe New Area have been basically completed. The construction of urban and rural infrastructure has been further strengthened, and a large number of projects under construction will have outstanding benefits this year and next. Unity Square, natural water gullies, Kunlun Lake Park, etc. have become the highlights of the city. The city's night view is more gorgeous and the city's taste is further improved. The rural safe drinking water project and the "Asphalt Road to Villages" project are making solid progress. The lighting, greening, beautification and purification effects of the main roads in the urban area are obvious, and the intelligent management of street lights is realized. The urban water supply and drainage capacity has been continuously strengthened. The dirt road hardening and sanitation improvements will be carried out on some backstreet lanes in the city, and the first phase of road reconstruction projects will be completed in the front section of the Rose Garden Community, the slaughterhouse road, and the extension of Jinglao Road. All 110 affordable houses, village committees, schools, shops and other major parts of Yabulake Zhejiang New Village have been completed. The living environment has been further improved. The earthquake-resistant housing project for 8,800 urban and rural households has been fully completed, and the occupancy rate has reached 100%. It has been rated as an advanced county (city) in the construction of earthquake-resistant housing projects by the autonomous region for two consecutive years. All 436 affordable housing units have been put into use. Urban management has been continuously strengthened, and citizens' level of civility and awareness of participation, willingness and obedience to management have been greatly improved. We have carried out in-depth special rectification of transportation, health, safety and market, and maintained a stable and orderly social order. Strictly follow urban planning, adhere to the principle of territorial management, work together to regulate urban construction, and resolutely clean up illegal construction behaviors in key areas such as along the street, at the urban-rural fringe, and around the park, creating a better environment for economic development.

Spiritual civilization construction and other social undertakings have achieved fruitful results. Taking the 100-day square cultural activities, six visits to villages, six visits to schools, new bazaar and three visits to the countryside as carriers, we will conscientiously implement the "Implementation Outline of Citizen Morality", carry out in-depth education on the socialist concept of honor and disgrace, and create a healthy culture that meets the needs of the masses. Sports activities are constantly enriched to consolidate and develop new socialist ethnic relations of equality, unity, mutual assistance and harmony. It successfully passed the re-inspection of the autonomous region's civilized city, successfully established itself as a national "Double Support Model City", and won the title of National Advanced National Sports Group. The social security system has become more complete, 5,328 people have been re-employed, and the registered urban unemployment rate has been controlled within 4.2%. 2,530 households and 10,374 low-income people have crossed the low-income poverty line; 5,328 people have been employed and 3,509 people have completed employment training; the urban registered unemployment rate is 2.5%; the pension insurance collection rate has reached 95%, and the unemployment insurance collection rate has reached 90 %; the medical insurance collection rate reaches 100%. The urban and rural minimum living security guarantee has been fully implemented, and 50,310 people have enjoyed the minimum living security policy.

The urban low-rent housing security system began to be established. Natural gas has been supplied to more than 17,000 households, and power, communications, public transportation and other support capabilities have been continuously enhanced. Continue to promote the strategy of "revitalizing the city through science and education" and carry out in-depth science knowledge promotion and technology display activities. The "two basics" education achievements have been further expanded, and the acceptance of the "two basics" has fully met the standards; "bilingual" teaching has been actively promoted, and the "two exemptions and one subsidy" policy has been fully implemented. The natural population growth rate is controlled within 12.89‰, and the birth rate is strictly controlled within 15.69‰. The new rural cooperative medical care and urban medical assistance systems have been effectively implemented, with nearly 137,000 farmers and herdsmen participating, and 23,000 urban residents participating in urban medical assistance. Comprehensively implement the sustainable development strategy and actively build a conservation-oriented society. The total annual investment in environmental protection accounts for 5% of GDP, and the financial allocation of special funds for environmental protection is 206,000 yuan.

Historical evolution

In 1913, Hotan County was established. It was once called Huo Dan, Wu Duan, and Hu Tan, all of which are variations of the same name. One theory is that it originated from Khotan, which was the name of the ancient Yuchi tribe. One said it is Tibetan, meaning "Jade City". One said it means "fence", "livestock pen" or "bunker" in Hindi. "The Records of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty" calls it Qusadana, which means "earth milk" in Sanskrit. In 1959, Hotan was simplified to Hotan.

Hotian has a long history. The Han Dynasty was one of the thirty-six countries in the Western Regions. The Book of the Two Han Dynasties, the Book of Wei, the Book of Sui, the New Book of Tang, the Old Book of Tang, and the New History of the Five Dynasties , "History of the Old Five Dynasties", "History of the Song Dynasty" and "History of the Ming Dynasty" are all called Khotan. In the second year of the Han Dynasty (60 BC), it was under the jurisdiction of the Protectorate of the Western Regions. In the second year of the Tang Dynasty (675), the Bisha Governor's Mansion was established, which was subordinate to the Anxi Governor's Mansion. Placed in Khotan Town, it is one of the four towns in Anxi. The ground is the center of Tibet. "New Book of Tang" calls it Xishan City. The Northern Song Dynasty belonged to the Karakhan Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty belonged to the Western Liao Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was the fiefdom of Alhu, Chagatai, and the Marshal's Mansion of the Xuanwei Envoy in Oduan was set up. In the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed Khotan. In the 24th year of the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1759), the Qing government established the Minister of Affairs in Khotan, with jurisdiction over six cities including Eriqi, Harahash, Yulonghashe, Qirla, Keldiya, and Tak. In the ninth year of Guangxu (1883), Hotan was established as the Zhili Prefecture. The prefecture governed Eliqi (Iliqi) and was under the jurisdiction of Kashgar Road. In 1913, Zhili Prefecture was renamed Hotan County. In 1920, Hotan Road was established, and Hotan County belongs to Hotan Road. In 1928, it belonged to the Khotan Administrative Region, and in 1943 it belonged to the Hotan Supervisory Region. In 1950, it belonged to Khotan Prefecture. In 1959, Hotan County was renamed Hotan County. After 1977, it belonged to Hotan area. In 1984, Hotan County was separated into Hotan City.

In 2000, Hotan City had 4 streets, 1 town, and 3 townships under its jurisdiction: Nurbag Street, Gujiangbagh Street, Nurbag Street, Gulebagh Street, Ras Kuizhen, Yiliqi Township, Shoerwag Township, Gujiangbage Township. According to the fifth census data: the city’s total population is 186,127, including: 19,301 people in Nurbagh Street, 23,716 people in Gujianbagh Street, 23,803 people in Gulebagh Street, 29,125 people in Nalbagh Street, and 23,716 people in Gujianbagh Street. There are 23,510 people in the town, 30,847 people in Shoerbage Township, 21,313 people in Yiliqi Township, 10,922 people in Gujiangbage Township, and 3,590 people in Virtual Township in Aheqia Management Area.

In 2003, the city had a total area of ??155.04 square kilometers and a total population of 184,498 people. It governed 4 streets, 1 town, and 3 townships, namely Nuerbag Street, Gujiangbag Street, and Gule Street. Bage Subdistrict, Nalbagh Subdistrict, Raskui Town, Shoerbage Township, Yiliqi Township, and Gujiangbage Township.

On July 11, 2006, the Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang held a press conference to announce that Jiya Township and Yulongkash Town in Luopu County and Tushala Township in Hotan County were officially placed under the jurisdiction of Hotan City. After the two townships and one town were placed under the jurisdiction of Hotan City, the jurisdiction of Hotan City became five townships, two towns, one management area, one industrial park and four sub-district offices. The administrative area of ??Hotan City expanded from 155.04 square kilometers to 465.84 square kilometers, and the total population increased from 192,500 to 271,900.

Introduction to townships

The city has jurisdiction over 4 streets, 2 towns, 5 townships, and 1 management area: Nurbag Street, Gujiangbag Street, Gulebag Sub-district, Nalbagh Sub-district, Raskui Town, Yulong Kashgar Town, Shoerbag Township, Yiliqi Township, Gujiangbag Township, Tushala Township, Giya Township; Aheqia Management Area. ***There are 111 administrative villages and 20 communities. The Municipal People's Government is located on Urumqi North Road.

Nalbagh street area: 4.74 square kilometers Population: more than 32,000 people Code: 653201004

Located in the northeast corner of Hotan City, at the end of Gujiang North Road, and Hotan City Trade Fair The market faces each other. The jurisdiction extends from Hotan Agricultural School in the east to Hotan Rose Wine Co., Ltd. in the west. It is 12 kilometers long from east to west and about 4.5 kilometers at its widest point from north to south, with a total area of ??about 4.74 square kilometers. There are more than 6,300 permanent residents and more than 32,000 people. It has jurisdiction over 5 communities: Yilaike Community, Agqi Borak Community, Aisutan Community, Mingqia Kuoqia Community, and Liqing Atamu Community.

The Anti-Road Construction Sub-district Office of Hotan Town, Hotan County was established in August 1978. The party and government were both affiliated with Hotan Town, Hotan County. Before 1984, the sub-district office was also under the jurisdiction of the Yiliqi Township Government. In 1984, the sub-district office was officially placed under the jurisdiction of Hotan City and renamed Hotan City Nalbagh Sub-district. It originally had jurisdiction over 10 residents' committees and 72 residents' groups.

Nurbagh street area: 12.6 square kilometers Population: more than 20,000 Code: 653201001

Located in Hotan City, north of Beijing West Road, south of Hemo Road, east to Wenhua Road and to Shorebag Township in the west. The total area is 12.6 square kilometers, with 5,884 households and a population of more than 20,000. The office is located at 11 Nawag Road. It has jurisdiction over 4 communities: Nalbagh Community, Tograk Aledi Community, Yingbaza Community, and Urumqi North Road Community. ***There are 17 resident groups.

Nurbag Subdistrict Office was established in October 1985.

Gulbagh street area: 4 square kilometers Population: more than 26,000 people Code: 653201003

Located in the center of Hotan. The total area is 4 square kilometers. The population is 6,434 households and 26,376 people, including 18,921 non-agricultural population and 1,604 temporary residents. It has jurisdiction over 5 communities: Muftihoga Community, Mugamaili Community, Tamushiya Community, Xidaqiao Community, and Urumqi South Road Community.

Gujiangbage street area: 6.7 square kilometers Population: more than 23,000 people Code: 653201002

Located in the old town of Hotan City, the jurisdiction is bounded by Hotan Road in front of Dongfeng Shopping Mall , bounded by Dongfeng Main Canal Bridge in the east, Tunken Road in the south, and Nalbagh Street in the north. The total area is 6.7 square kilometers, with 6,624 households and 23,715 people. It has jurisdiction over 9 communities: Ojamukulebeshi Community, Alumaili Community, Dunbag Community, Yingmaili Community, Miskelkocha Community, Kizikdelwaza Community, Bagqi Community community, Dunwakbai community, Shalakmari community.

Laskui Town Area: 40 square kilometers Population: more than 17,000 people Code: 653201100

Located in the northwest suburbs of Hotan City, the town government is 7 kilometers away from the city center. The total area is 40 square kilometers and the total population is 17,221 people, including 14,249 agricultural population. Uyghurs account for 98.5% of the total population. It has jurisdiction over 10 village committees: Awati Village, Bashraskui Village, Aregole Village, Dunkuoqia Village, Kuleleke Village, Bostan Aledi Village, Qigabulon Village, Aregol Village There are 64 villager groups in Ketash Village, Naizalbag Village, and Koshkule Village.

Yulong Kashi Town (the code was 653224101 when it was originally part of Luopu County, and was placed under the jurisdiction of Hotan City in 2006)

It has jurisdiction over 15 village committees: Aluboyi Village, Aletilai Village, Krege Erike Village, Yongbaza Village, Dawabaza Village, Bashiyigezi Erike Village, Ayakyigezi Erike Village, Bashmikra Village, Nagreqi Village, Kutiqi Village, Akqiqi Village, Yigeqi Village, Langan Village, Ayakmikra Village, and Yingawati Village.

Yiliqi Township Area: 26.64 square kilometers Population: 24,000 Code: 653201201

It is located four kilometers east of Hotan City, with an area of ??26.64 square kilometers and a total population of 2.4 Ten thousand people, of which Uyghurs account for more than 99% of the population. It has jurisdiction over 17 village committees: Kizikdelwaza Village, Yingbaza Village, Navag Village, Atbaza Village, Sholak Village, Towan Arel Village, Shamalbag Village, Arele Village, Tovqia Village, Saiqi Aktashi Village, Areshaolak Village, Arekant Village, Sukaidun Village, Yigelqi Village, Aktyrek Village, Yafu Lark Village and Shoorbagh Village.

Shorbag ??Township code: 653201200

It is located in the western suburbs of Hotan City, 3 kilometers away from the city center, about 7 kilometers long from east to west, and about 5 kilometers wide from north to south. It covers an area of ??34,000 acres and has a total population of 4,100 households and 26,000 people. It has jurisdiction over 16 village committees: Heni Village, Shoerbag Village, Kumubag Village, Tuowan Shoerbag Village, Aktash Village, Yingbag Village, Tierekewusitang Village, Aydinkule Village, Gazong Village, Aklangan Village, Bashterek Village, Qidier Village, Bashi Aqu Village, Ayage Aqu Village, Arle Village, Reimbag village. ***There are 89 villager groups.

Gujiangbage Township code: 653201202

It is located in the southern suburbs of Hotan City, 1.5 kilometers away from the city center. The total area is 9,600 acres, with 2,999 households and 12,526 people. It has jurisdiction over 7 village committees: Tamubage Village, Gulebag Village, Tamubage Hoila Village, Tegenla Village, Towangujiang Village, Bashigujiang Village, and Ruke Village. ***There are 34 villager groups.

Jiya Township (when it was originally part of Luopu County, its code was 653224200, and was placed under the jurisdiction of Hotan City in 2006)

It has jurisdiction over 18 village committees: Tawu Gazi Village, Suyayujimalek Village, Otunqiyaole Village, Kuoqia Village, Suyarangan Village, Basilangan Village, Kumubag Village, Alimatamu Village, Jilegaerike Village, Kuoqia Village Tazmaili Village, Akmaili Village, Shakemaili Village, Azinaibazha Village, Tirekelik Village, Kelpamaili Village, Maidirisboyi Village, Kaletatugeman Village, Bash Togeman Village.

Tushala Township (the code was 653221200 when it was originally part of Hotan County, and was placed under the jurisdiction of Hotan City in 2006)

It has jurisdiction over 19 village committees: Tushala Village, Tokuzi Gongbaigai Village, Qujielai Village, Gamuda Village, Siya Village, Kuokegongbaizi Village, Karemaiti Village, Galalbag Village, Putilashi Village, Katiqi Village, Spusya Village, Maga Village, Tujuk Village, Aralbag Village, Dun Village, Aktiqi Village, Saikesan Village, Chakesi Village, and Kanteerike Village.

Aheqia Management Area Code: 653201500

It is located between the Yulong Kashgar River and the Karakash River, 120 kilometers away from the center of Hotan. Geographical coordinates: 80°18′45_-80°29′11_ east longitude, 37°15′30_ north latitude. It faces Jidong Township in Luopu County along the Yulong Kashi River in the east, borders Islamuwati Township in Hotan County in the south, and borders Aksuawati County in the north. The maximum width from east to west is 10.5 kilometers, the maximum width from north to south is 15 kilometers, the boundary line is 47.75 kilometers long, and the total area is 113,292.1 hectares. With a total population of 4,039 people, it is an inhabited area dominated by Uyghurs. It has jurisdiction over 8 brigades: Shoerbage, Gezong, Aktash, Aqu, Sukedun, Qileke, Tovqia, and Qilalik. ***There are 27 villager groups.

The Akchar Management Area was established in 1998 as a Hotan City Development Zone.

Hetian Jade

Hetian jade can be divided into four categories according to its color: white jade, sapphire, black jade, and topaz. Hetian jade of other colors can also be classified into these four categories.

(1) White jade. The color of white jade varies from white to bluish white. White jade can also be divided into mutton-fat jade and blue-white jade according to color. White jade is a high-grade jade unique to Hetian jade, and its lumps are generally not large. White jade is extremely rare among nephrites around the world. White jade is the finest material in white jade. The whiter the color, the better. Pure white jade that is as smooth as an egg is called "guangbaizi" and is of particularly good quality. Some white jade have a certain color on the surface after oxidation, and the autumn pear color is called "autumn pear". The color of tiger skin is called "tiger skin", and the color of thorn is called "xianpizi". They are both precious varieties of Hetian jade.

(2) Topaz. Those of high quality are no less than mutton-fat jade. Topaz ranges from light yellow to deep yellow, with colors such as chestnut yellow, okra yellow, yellow flower yellow, egg yolk, tiger skin yellow, etc. The ancients considered "Huang Dong steamed pear" to be the best. Topaz is very rare. In the history of jade mining for thousands of years, it is rarely seen. There are treasures made of topaz in ancient jade, such as the topaz three-goat statue made during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, the topaz animal-shaped bottle, the topaz Buddha's hand, etc.

(3) Blue and white jade. Blue and white jade is based on white, with faint green flashes, blue flashes and gray flashes in white jade. Common white, pink green, gray and white, etc. are transitional varieties between white jade and sapphire, and are more common in Hetian jade.

(4) Black jade. Jade ranges from ink color to light black, and its black color is mostly in the form of cloud-like strips.

There are many names for the craftsmanship, including dark cloud light ink light, golden mink bun, beauty bun, etc. In the whole piece of material, the degree of ink is different and the depth is unevenly distributed. It is more common in the transition with sapphire and white jade. Generally, there is full ink, and concentrated ink refers to the concentrated ink in sapphire or white jade, which can be used as a pretty color. Dotted ink is scattered into dots, which affects use. Most of the ink jade is in small pieces, and its ink color is caused by containing more fine graphite scales.

(5) Pu. Pu, the ancients referred to a stone containing jade. The skin of jade can be divided into three types: color skin, sugar skin, and stone skin according to its composition and appearance. Color skin: refers to a layer of brown-red or brown-yellow jade skin distributed on the surface of Hotan Zi jade. As mentioned above, jade skin comes in various colors, and the jade industry is named after various colors, such as black skin, deerskin, etc. Most of them are high-quality white jade materials. Ziyu of the same quality has a higher value if it has a skin color such as Qiuli. The thickness of jade skin is very thin, generally less than 1 mm. The color skin has various shapes, some are cloud-shaped, some are vein-shaped, and some are scattered dots. The color skin is formed because the ferrous oxide in Hetian jade transforms into trioxide under oxidizing conditions. The second iron is there, so it is secondary.

Sugar skin: refers to a layer of yellow-brown jade skin distributed on the surface of Hetian Yushan material. Because the color is like brown sugar, sugar jade is called sugar jade. The inside of sugar jade is white jade or sapphire.

Shipi: refers to the surrounding rock surrounding the surface of Hetian Yushan material.

(Additional) It is said that Hetian jade also emits light (fluorescence) at night.

Specialty Food

Hotan special food Hotan’s baked buns. Although baked buns are everywhere in Xinjiang, Hotan is the most famous. In addition, there are lamb lungs and wet walnuts. . There are also some roasted whole lamb, roasted lamb skewers, Nang pit barbecue, tender corn rice, grilled buns, hand-picked rice, etc. "Roasted eggs" and "zakel" are unique to Hotan.

On February 18, 2021, the list of advanced counties in the 2020 National Village Cleaning Action was released, and Hotan City was on the list.

In January 2021, the 2020 ranking of rural revitalization communication influential counties was released, and Hotan City ranked 9th.

In January 2021, the Central Civilization Office determined the list of nominated cities for national civilized cities in the 2021-2023 creation cycle, and Hotan City was on the list.

On October 20, 2020, Hotan City won the title of National Double Support Model City (County) in 2020.

In July 2016, Hotan City won the title of National Double Support Model City (County) in 2016.