Information on Harmonious Green Guangzhou

Guangzhou model creation series report ③ Water bathes Guangzhou

Source: 2005-12-01 17:34:12

[Guangzhou creates a national environmental protection model city Series of reports ③]

Guangzhou is bathed in water

——The "Venice" of the East reappears the water city of the past where people had fun in the water

□ Staff writer of this newspaper Yang Weimin

Boats are flowing across the river, goods and treasures are gathering, clouds are flying, and thousands of countries are coming to visit... This is the former city of Guangzhou, a standard oriental Venice water city.

More than 2,000 years ago, the Wuyang Immortal came to the foot of Yuexiu Mountain near the Pearl River and lived beside the river. The beautiful and mighty Pearl River runs down from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, crossing eight provinces and regions, integrating more than 30 ethnic groups, and converging with 50 tributaries. It runs for more than 2,100 kilometers, passes through Guangzhou City, and slowly starts at the foot of Yuexiu Mountain. Flows into the South China Sea. Because of the Pearl River and its descendants, the thousand-year-old commercial capital of Guangzhou is crisscrossed by water networks and criss-crossed by rivers and rivers - the water of the Pearl River has given birth to the rich Lingnan culture of this two-thousand-year-old city.

But once upon a time, it only lasted for a few decades. The stick of economy buried the purity of this thousand-year-old water city. In recent years, Guangzhou has woken up and invested heavily in building sewage treatment plants and clearing rivers, hoping to return to the past when people and water lived in harmony.

□Blocking industrial wastewater

Since its establishment or even earlier, Guangzhou City has implemented strict full-process control over the total amount of wastewater discharged by industrial enterprises in accordance with the principle of ecological priority, and has achieved significant results. Effect. In the past 10 years, the city's total industrial output value has nearly tripled, while industrial wastewater discharge has decreased by 30%, and the total discharge of major pollutants has decreased by 60 to 90%.

Guangzhou’s treatment of industrial wastewater is legendary. In the implementation of the State Council's environmental protection work plan of "one control and two standards", Guangzhou has deployed strong forces and regulations on key industries and key pollution sources to ensure that the city's 2,941 polluting industrial enterprises included in the assessment meet national and provincial standards on schedule. , becoming one of the three provincial capital cities in the country that has completed the task of "one control and two standards" on schedule. Guangzhou City pioneered the work of combining "one control and two standards" with corporate asset restructuring, corporate implementation of cleaner production, corporate product structure adjustment, corporate technological transformation, and urban functional area adjustment. The "five combinations" approach has been promoted nationwide by the State Environmental Protection Administration.

Guangzhou is one of the first cities to implement a pollution discharge permit system and a total pollutant control system for industrial enterprises. This is also one of Guangzhou's proudest efforts in combating industrial pollution. By 2004, Guangzhou had comprehensively carried out the verification of pollutant discharge permits for 134 key industrial enterprises that accounted for more than 80% of the city's water pollution load. Through the strict implementation of the pollution discharge permit system, Guangzhou has achieved significant results in the prevention and control of industrial wastewater pollution: in 2004, the wastewater discharge from industrial enterprises in the city was reduced by 30% compared with 1995, and the wastewater discharge compliance rate was 91.92, an increase of 28.28 percentage points. According to statistics, wastewater discharge per 10,000 yuan of industrial output value in Guangzhou is only equivalent to about 17% of the national average, and has been decreasing at an annual rate of about 10% in recent years.

In order to block urban industrial wastewater from the source, Guangzhou first made adjustments to the urban spatial structure and productivity layout in accordance with the idea of ??first making ecological environment planning and then revising and improving industry development plans. The "Guangzhou Urban Ecological Sustainable Development Plan" has been implemented, and the strategy of "retreating from the secondary industry and advancing into the tertiary industry" in the industrial layout of the old city within the outer ring road has been implemented. The old city focuses on the development of the tertiary industry, and in principle no new industrial land will be added. Expand industrial development space in new urban areas, form several industrial belts, promote coordinated development of urban areas, and effectively protect the ecological environment. Secondly, during the approval process of construction projects, the environmental impact assessment system and the "three simultaneities" system are strictly implemented, requiring increased production without increasing pollution, and controlling new pollution sources from the source. Third, new projects are subject to environmental pre-approval and management such as project approval, land use approval, and overall acceptance of construction projects, which provides an institutional guarantee for preventing and controlling industrial wastewater pollution and reducing total emissions.

□ Protect life water

So far, Guangzhou City (including Zengcheng and Conghua county-level cities) *** has 61 water plants with a water supply capacity of 7.025 million cubic meters /day. The water absorption points of drinking water plants are mainly distributed in the west channel of the Guangzhou Reach of the Pearl River, the north main stream of the East River, Liuxi River, Shawan Waterway and Shunde Waterway.

For a long time, the Guangzhou Municipal Party Committee and Municipal Government have always regarded protecting drinking water sources as an important task of governing for the people, ensuring that the people have access to clean water.

As early as 1987, the "Guangzhou Municipal Drinking Water Source Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations" were enacted and implemented. In 1992, 1996, and 2004, Guangzhou City revised it three times in accordance with the requirements of new national regulations. Consider the protection of drinking water sources in Guangzhou comprehensively on a large scale. The "Guangzhou City Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Catering Industry Pollution in the Guangzhou Reach of the Pearl River" promulgated and implemented in 1995 prohibited the operation of catering businesses in the Guangzhou Reach of the Pearl River and the waters of the city's new drinking water source pollution control zone. In 2003, the "Notice on the Prevention and Control of Reservoir and Lake Pollution" was promulgated and implemented, prohibiting all kinds of activities that pollute water bodies within the scope of reservoirs and lakes. These local regulations provide strong legal protection for the protection of Guangzhou’s drinking water sources.

In order to control water pollution, protect and improve surface water quality, in 2001, the "Guangzhou Water Environment Functional Zone Zoning", "Guangzhou Drinking Water Source Protection Area, Drinking Water Source Protection Scope and New Drinking Water Source Pollution Control Area Zoning" has been promulgated successively. In accordance with the requirements of high-standard protection of high-function water bodies and no abandonment of protection of low-function water bodies, different standards will be implemented for waters with different functions, with a focus on protecting drinking water sources. At present, Guangzhou's tap water production capacity has far exceeded the tap water supply demand, and it is fully capable of allocating the actual water supply from water plants according to water quality conditions, so that citizens can drink water from water sources with better water quality. The water supply from the western water source located in the west channel of the Pearl River has dropped from more than 60% of the city's total water supply in the past to more than 40% now. The proportion of water supply from the eastern water source and the southern water source with excellent water quality has increased year by year.

After calculation, the total area of ??the first-level water source protection zone in Guangzhou is 1.32 square kilometers, with the national surface water environment quality level II standard as the protection target; the total area of ??the second-level protection zone is 377.8 square kilometers, with the level III standard standards as protection targets; other quasi-water source protection areas implement water quality management according to Class IV standards. After years of hard work, the water quality in each protected area has basically reached the corresponding goals.

□Sewage treatment: Quadruple in ten years

In 2002, Guangzhou’s domestic sewage treatment rate was only 31.49, which was extremely inconsistent with the rapid development of Guangzhou. This will increase investment and management of sewage treatment plants. As of 2004, there were four large sewage treatment plants in Guangzhou: Liede, Lijiao, Datansha, and Xilang. Together with the urban sewage treatment plants in the Guangzhou Economic Development Zone and Panyu, the daily treatment capacity was 1.55 million tons, the cumulative sewage treated throughout the year is about 400 million tons, and the domestic sewage treatment rate in the old city reaches 75, which is 30 percentage points higher than the national average of 45. Monitoring data shows that the water quality of the Pearl River's front channel has been greatly improved. The water quality of the Pearl River can basically meet Category 5 water standards. Heavy metal pollution is far below the standard. The organic pollutant content indicators of the intercepted rivers have dropped significantly. The four major sewage treatment systems play an increasingly important role in Guangzhou's urban domestic sewage treatment and protection of the Pearl River water quality.

Yuan Xiuli, deputy chief engineer of Guangzhou Wastewater Treatment Co., Ltd., revealed that the speed of wastewater treatment in Guangzhou is almost synchronized with the establishment of the model. Before 2002, Guangzhou’s domestic sewage treatment rate was only 31.49%. With the advancement of model innovation, the annual investment in the construction of sewage treatment plants has increased from 2 billion yuan to 2.5 billion yuan since 2002, and great efforts have been made to build Guangzhou into a landscape capital. The urban sewage treatment rate is also growing. In 2004, the city's daily treatment capacity was 1.55 million tons, and the treatment rate in the old city was 75%, 30 percentage points higher than the national average of 45%.

In 2005, 6 new and expanded sewage treatment plants and 15 pumping stations will be completed, and more than 260 kilometers of 4 major system pipe network supporting projects will be gradually completed. Guangzhou's urban domestic sewage treatment rate will reach 80%, which will effectively reduce emissions. The amount of sewage entering the Pearl River. In 2006, Guangzhou City's sewage treatment will "advance" to the east and northern Baiyun District. With the completion and commissioning of four sewage treatment plants in Jianggao-Shijing, Longgui, Zhuliang, and Jiufo, by the end of 2006, sewage treatment plants will The system will cover Guangzhou Laoba District, with a sewage treatment capacity of 2.2 million tons per day, making the urban domestic sewage treatment rate in Guangzhou Laoba District reach 100%, and the water quality of urban rivers and the Guangzhou section of the Pearl River will basically meet Category IV standards.

While ensuring that sewage treatment meets standards, sewage treatment companies also vigorously carry out scientific and technological research. Each sewage treatment plant has set up a reclaimed water reuse system so that the treated sewage can be recycled and reused in the factory. Greening, road watering and river landscape water replenishment save water resources. In order to further protect the air environment, reduce the impact of the sewage treatment process on the surrounding environment, and protect the health of residents, today's most advanced capping and deodorization processes are used to cap and deodorize the sewage treatment plant.

Yuan Xiuli told reporters that the annual domestic sewage treatment volume in Guangzhou has doubled in five years and quadrupled in ten years. She said that the annual processing capacity in 1995 was 58.4489 million tons, which doubled to 165.5596 million tons in 2000, and quadrupled to 400 million tons in 2005. The number of sewage treatment plants has grown from one (Datansha sewage treatment plant) ten years ago to four major sewage treatment systems (Datansha, Liede, Lijiao, and Xilang).

The reporter investigated and learned that from January 1998, Guangzhou began to collect sewage treatment fees. Currently, the sewage treatment fee is 0.7 yuan per ton, which is calculated based on 90% of the actual water consumption. Except for residents holding the "Low-income and Difficult Families Certificate" who are exempt from urban sewage treatment fees, all other users are included in the scope of collection. The sewage treatment fees are managed in two lines of revenue and expenditure in a special fiscal account, and the sewage treatment fees collected are earmarked for special use. By 2004, the city's total collection amounted to 2.254 billion yuan, which played a positive role in the centralized treatment of urban domestic sewage. The implementation of the sewage treatment fee collection system has raised strong financial support for the construction and operation of sewage treatment facilities in Guangzhou.

□River regulation: water becomes clearer and banks become green

Sewage treatment project is a systematic project, and river regulation is also an important part of sewage treatment work. Guangzhou is an area with a developed water network. According to statistics, there are 231 rivers in the city and 116 polluted rivers. Yuan Xiuli said that starting in 2002, almost at the same time as the construction of the sewage treatment plant, a large-scale river improvement project began on the 116 most polluted rivers among the 231 rivers in Guangzhou. By the end of 2004, the interception of sewage in 24 rivers, including Ma Chung, Xinhe Chung, and Liwan Chung, had been basically completed. The bottom mud that caused the water bodies to turn black and smelly was removed. The water quality has been greatly improved and has basically reached the same quality as the Pearl River.

In 2005, combined with the actual situation in Guangzhou, Guangzhou people established some new concepts for comprehensive river regulation. The main river regulation work in the urban area should combine sewage interception with embankment landscape to achieve In line with the requirements of "water becomes clearer and banks become green", we strengthen the comprehensive management of rivers and complete landscape projects at multiple river nodes, such as the Liujie Landscape Experimental Section of the Simachong River, the Air Force Hospital Section of Shahechong, and the East and West Shaheyong River. Duan, Ma Yong, etc. have become good places for citizens to relax. In the past, people always covered their noses and walked quickly when crossing the river. Now, the riverside has become a good place for the elderly to exercise, couples to stroll, and children to play. At the same time, the implementation of water circulation projects in Donghaoyong and Xinhe Puyong has achieved initial results. Small fish can be seen swimming in the water from time to time in the river, and many citizens are fishing and walking along the river.

Rivers are closely related to the lives of Guangzhou citizens. Only by improving the water quality of rivers, realizing the coordinated development of man and nature, and synchronizing ecological environment improvement with economic development can we return comfortable, clean and approachable water to the citizens. River surge.

Guangzhou Mayor Zhang Guangning said: "The 231 rivers are the most precious wealth of Guangzhou!"

□Water circulation gave birth to Qugang Liu'an

Near Liwan in Guangzhou in the old days, "Qu Gang rode the tide in, and the boat was level with the shore. Village children were shocked and uttered words, and cranes in the river avoided the sound of chess. Houses in the willows were like houses, and lotus pearls burst into leaves." According to historical records, in the 10th century AD , Liwan Pantang was once the flower dock of Liu Gong (yán), the king of the Southern Han Dynasty. It is known as the "Five Beauties of Pantang" and is rich in lotus roots, water chestnuts, water chestnuts, wild bamboo shoots and arrowheads. "Qugang" refers to the twists and turns of Liwan River. When the tide is high, the river is flush with the shore. The quiet environment was broken by the chatting, laughing and playing chess between the poet and his friends, and Bai He hurriedly hid aside. The boat passed by the catkins in front of every house, causing water drops to flow from the lotus leaves.

Qing Tan Jingzhao's "Pearl River Bamboo Branch Ci" once described: "The Pearl River in Zhuhai is a place of change, and the Liuyin stops and the boats start to sail in the evening. People sell flowers when the tide is at the head of the water, and people sell fish when the tide is at the end of the water." This is the old days of Guangzhou. A true portrayal of the ecological environment. In the old days, there were four major rivers in Guangzhou, with small bridges all over them. The rivers were clear and were important transportation waterways at that time. "Liubo" refers to Liubo Yong, which is southwest of Guangzhou today and flows near Huangsha. In the old days, it merged with Liwan Yong. The green trees on both sides of the river were like belts, and the environment was beautiful.

Reading "Zhujie Ci on the Pearl River", you will feel that the rivers in Guangzhou at that time were very beautiful. Wang Yao Xiang of the Qing Dynasty said: "Whoever looks at the moon will get more moons? The boats in the bay sing the song of waves together, and the flower fields are as bright as snow, and they can see the flower sellers crossing the river." Li Jian wrote more wonderfully: "The willows are dancing around the city, reflecting the water. My daughter's red sweatshirt. The spring waves are soft and the flowers are flowing towards the evening, and the fragrant clouds are crossing the White Goose Pond first. "This is simply a beautiful scenery painting on the green bank of the Pearl River.

In order to make Qugang Willow Bank reappear in Guangzhou, it is not only hidden in the poems of ancient poets. When contemporary Guangzhou people renovate urban sewage, they take into account the natural, humanistic, ecological and geographical environment around the river, etc. factors, taking the form of combining "natural circulation using the tidal level difference of the Pearl River" and "mechanical circulation using water pumping stations", according to the closed flow path of "Dongshan Lake-Xinhe Puyong-Donghaoyong-Pearl River-Dongshan Lake" Carry out water circulation operation.

The river water replenishment cycle test aims to achieve the same water quality as the Pearl River and solve the problem of river water quality deterioration. At present, the water replenishment cycle restores the natural ecological appearance of the river's flowing water through daily water circulation.

In accordance with Guangzhou’s “comprehensive planning and phased implementation” approach to river regulation and restoration, 231 rivers will be transformed into beautiful landscapes surrounding the city of mountains and rivers, forming a landscape with Lingnan cultural characteristics and modern An ecological environment with a civilized atmosphere and harmony between man and nature.