Silver mineral of silver mine

There are more than 200 kinds of silver-containing minerals, including more than 60 kinds of silver minerals and silver-containing minerals with silver as the main element, but they have important economic value. The main raw materials for silver production are 12: natural silver (Ag), silver-gold mine (AgAu), argentite (Ag2Te), crimson silver mine (Ag3SbS3), crimson silver mine (Ag3AsS3), amphibole (AgCl), brittle silver mine (Ag2Sb3) and antimony silver mine (Ag2Sb3).

Silver is a copper ion, which likes sulfur and has strong polarization ability. In nature, it often exists in the form of natural silver, sulfide and sulfur salt. Because of its large ion radius, it can form selenide and telluride with huge anions se and Te. But it usually likes to be hidden in galena, or mechanically mixed, or as a isomorphic latent crystal. Secondly, it occurs in natural gold, tetrahedrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. Therefore, silver can often be recovered during the mining and smelting of lead-zinc, copper and gold mines.

In endogenesis, silver tends to be highly enriched in hydrothermal stage, rich in silver (gold) or various silver-bearing polymetallic sulfide deposits; Under supergene conditions, silver sulfide can form Ag2SO4 which has certain solubility and is easily soluble in water, and form secondary enrichment in the lower part of oxidation zone. In sedimentation, silver often migrates with copper, gold, uranium, lead, zinc or vanadium and phosphorus. And sediments in sandstone, clay shale and carbonate rocks. When it reaches a certain degree of enrichment, it can form sedimentary or stratabound silver deposits. In the process of metamorphism, through the extraction and activation migration of metamorphic hydrothermal solution, the finely dispersed silver in the original rock is enriched under appropriate geological conditions to form a new deposit with economic value, or the original ore body is superimposed and enriched.

There are many kinds of silver minerals or silver-containing minerals in nature, which can be formed in different geological stages. Therefore, these silver minerals are often distributed in different mineral phases, and even several silver minerals exist in the same ore. They exist independently as coarse crystals, embedded in gangue minerals, and also appear as fine crystals with galena, sphalerite, pyrite and chalcopyrite. , or exists in the above minerals in a dispersed state. This characteristic of silver mineral distribution brings some difficulties to the design of ideal mineral processing technology and flowsheet. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the technology of silver minerals and * * * raw ore for the best recovery of silver.

For a long time, a large amount of high pure silver has been used to make silver coins and decorations. With the development of science and technology, silver has gradually shifted from the traditional consumption of money, jewelry and handicrafts to the application and development of industrial technology.

1. Film, television and photography industries

In the film, television and photographic industries, silver halide (silver bromide, silver chloride and silver iodide) and silver nitrate are particularly sensitive to light, so they can be used to make black-and-white and color films, negatives, exposure and photographic papers, and photographic films for printing and plate making. X-ray films for medical and industrial flaw detection and various special photosensitive materials for aerial mapping, astronomical space exploration and national defense research.

2. Other industries

In electromechanical and electrical industries, silver is mainly used as electrical contact material, resistance material, brazing material, temperature measuring material and thick film paste in the form of pure metal and silver alloy. Such as silver copper, silver cadmium, silver nickel and other alloys, can eliminate the shortcomings of general metal consumption deformation, contact resistance and adhesion; Low-voltage power switches, lifting switches, heavy-duty relays and electrical contact materials made of silver tungsten, silver molybdenum and silver iron alloy can be widely used in cutting-edge industries such as transportation, metallurgy, automation and aerospace. In thick film technology, silver paste is the earliest used, with the best conductivity and strong adhesion to ceramics. In petrochemical industry, catalysts such as silver/alumina, KBr- silver-alumina and gold-silver mesh are mainly used for silver chemical reaction.

Silver gold, silver mercury and silver tin alloy are important dental materials in medical and health undertakings. Yinbodan and Zhenxin Pills have the functions of calming the heart, calming the nerves and calming the viscera. Silver gauze and cotton wool can treat malignant ulcers; Silver thread and silver sheet are very good materials for fixing broken bones and repairing skull holes. Silver salt has a good bactericidal effect. Silver has a special function.

In agrometeorology, silver iodide is used for artificial rainfall. In terms of energy utilization, silver plating on a huge curved glass mirror can gather sunlight and convert it into heat energy and electric energy. The strength of silver zinc and silver cadmium batteries is more than 20 times that of ordinary batteries. In addition, the silver-plated glass window can prevent ultraviolet rays from penetrating, which can save energy consumption and the cost of air conditioning equipment. Before 1980s, there were not many independent silver deposits in China, and most silver was associated with nonferrous base metal mines. In the exploration of main minerals, this method is used for evaluation, and when the silver content is more than 5 ~10g/t, the reserves are calculated. If the metallurgical properties of silver are good, it is sometimes reduced to 1g/t in copper-gold mines and 2g/t in lead-zinc mines.

With the development of national economic construction, the geological work of silver mines has been strengthened. Since 1980s, a number of silver-based deposits have been discovered one after another. According to the current technical and economic conditions, the industrial indexes and regulations of silver deposits are as follows: cutoff grade A40~50g/t, industrial grade Ag 100~ 120g/t, and average grade Ag 140. The geological work of China Silver Mine started after the establishment of Geological Survey Institute at the beginning of this century, and the whole set of mineral processing equipment was cut off.

Until 1949, there were only a dozen lead-zinc producing areas (such as Shuikoushan, Chaihe and Lancang). ) The shallow silver reserves with high silver content in China are estimated. After the founding of New China, in 1950s, large-scale exploration was carried out for nonferrous metal deposits, and the associated (* * *) silver deposits were comprehensively evaluated. In the late 1960s, the geological survey and scientific research of independent silver mines were gradually strengthened. By the end of 1970s, seven large and medium-sized silver mines (Shilibao in Shandong, Yinkeng Mountain in Zhejiang, Yindonggou in Hubei, Yindongzi in Shaanxi, Poshan in Henan, Pangxidong in Guangdong and Jinshan in Guangxi) had been explored and transferred to industrial evaluation. In the past 40 years, the silver mining industry in China has developed rapidly. Industrial silver mines have been discovered in 26 provinces, cities and districts, and more than 200 mines and smelting enterprises have been established to produce and comprehensively recycle silver. By the end of 1996, there were 569 silver mining areas in 27 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. Silver reserves reached 1 165 16t, of which A+B+C reserves accounted for 23.6%, accounting for 275 19t. Compared with 1985, the silver reserves have doubled.

The proven silver reserves in China are divided into two parts. One part is the silver reserves with independent mining value when the silver grade reaches the industrial index, and the other part refers to the associated silver reserves that are comprehensively recovered with the mining of main elements when the silver grade is lower than the industrial index. Since 1980s, the silver reserves have increased rapidly, accounting for 42% of the total reserves from 65,438+0985 to 65,438+0995. The reserve growth of associated silver deposits is relatively slow.

According to "MineralCommoditySummaries, 1996" published by the US Bureau of Mines, the world's total silver reserves are 280,000 t, with a reserve base of 420,000 t, which are mainly distributed in the United States (with a reserve of 3 1 10,000 t and a reserve base of 72,000 t), Canada (with a reserve of 37,000 t and a reserve base of 47,000 t) and if China becomes independent. The producing areas are widely distributed and the reserves are relatively concentrated.

There are 569 places with proven reserves in China, which are distributed in 27 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. The provinces with reserves above 1 10,000 t are Jiangxi, Yunnan and Guangdong; The provinces (regions) with reserves of 10000 ~ 5000 t are Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Hubei and Gansu. The reserves of these seven provinces (regions) account for 60.7% of the national total reserves. The reserves of the remaining 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions only account for 39.3% of the national total reserves.

There are many poor minerals and few rich minerals, and the associated silver resources are rich and there are many producing areas, but there are many poor minerals and few rich minerals.

China is rich in associated silver resources, with a reserve of 66 146t 1995, accounting for 58% of the total silver reserves in that year. There are still some mining areas that have not analyzed or calculated the silver reserves, so the associated silver reserves should actually be more. Except Ningxia, all provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions have associated silver producing areas. Jiangxi, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan have the most associated silver reserves and producing areas. However, there are few associated silver deposits in China, which are much worse. Rich associated silver deposits with silver grade greater than 50g/t account for only about 1/4 of associated silver deposits, while poor associated silver deposits with silver grade less than 50g/t account for 3/4 of the total associated silver deposits.

There are few large and medium-sized producing areas and more reserves; There are few large and medium-sized producing areas and more reserves; There are many small producing areas and few reserves.

According to the data analysis of 1992, there are 12 large-scale producing areas and 40 medium-sized producing areas in China, and the reserves of large-scale producing areas account for 95% of this kind of silver mines. There are 29 small producing areas, accounting for only about 5% of the reserves. Associated silver deposits have large producing areas 14 and 73 medium producing areas. Large and medium-sized producing areas account for 79% of the total associated silver deposits, while small producing areas account for 27 1, accounting for only 2 1% of the total associated silver deposits.

Silver is usually associated with lead and zinc.

Silver-lead-zinc mine is the main silver ore in China, and its reserves account for 64.3% of the silver ore reserves. Associated silver deposits mainly occur in lead-zinc mines (accounting for 44% of associated silver deposits) and copper mines (accounting for 3 1.6% of associated silver deposits). Besides lead, zinc and copper, there are tin, gold and polymetallic minerals associated with silver.

A kind of silver mine. The chemical composition is Ag3AsS3, and the crystal belongs to ternary sulfate mineral. Also known as sulfur arsenic silver mine. The English name comes from the surname of French chemist J.-L. Proust.

The reddish silver ore is bright red, and the streaks are also bright red, which darkens under the light. Translucent to opaque, diamond luster to semi-metallic luster. Its surface is often covered with a dark black film because of its easy oxidation, and the powder is brick red. Mohs hardness is 2 ~ 2.5 and specific gravity is 5.57 ~ 5.64. The cleavage of rhombus is clear, and the fracture surface is shell-shaped to serrated. Soluble in nitric acid, fusible. The two ends of the crystal are asymmetric and are short columns with different poles. It is usually produced in granular and blocky forms. Crystal columnar, rhombohedral and rhombohedral. It is also made into blocks or dense aggregates.

Light red silver ore is a hydrothermal mineral. It is usually produced together with other silver minerals and used as a silver mine. It is related to many minerals in hydrothermal veins, such as tetrahedrite and tennantite, and some sulfides, such as galena and Yingshi. Lead-zinc-silver deposits in Liaoning, Jiangxi, Qinghai and Guangdong provinces all contain red silver deposits. Beautiful big crystals were found in Chanasiyo, Chile. Mexico, Bolivia and Germany all have famous producing areas. Pale red silver ore can be used as laser material besides mineral raw material for extracting silver.

Silver Mine Bay (also known as Silver Mine Bay) is a bay in Hong Kong, Silver Mine Bay Hotel.

Located in Mui Wo District, southeast of Lantau Island, New Territories. Silver Mine Bay Beach is wide and shallow, which is one of the famous beaches in Hong Kong. Silver Mine Bay is named after the silver mine cave in the nearby mountain. This cave once produced silver, which was mined at the end of 19. Later, due to the low silver content in the ore, production stopped, leaving only cave relics for tourists to collect.

Nearby attractions: Silver Mine Waterfall (Silver Mine Bay Waterfall Park)