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Augustus Caesar, the founder of the Roman Empire, is one of the great figures in history. He ended the civil war that plunged Rome into chaos during the 1st century BC and re-established the Roman government, so there was a peaceful and prosperous period in his country for two centuries.

Gaius Octavius (better known as Octavian, he didn't get the title of "Augustus" until he was thirty-five) was born in 63 BC. He is the nephew of Julius Caesar. Julius was a political figure in Rome when he was young in Octavian. He had no son of his own, and he loved this young man very much, paving the way for him to enter politics. But when Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC, he was only an 18-year-old student.

Caesar's death set off a long and fierce power struggle among many Roman military and political figures. At first, his arch-rivals-all men who had been through the political battlefield in Rome-didn't take young Octavian seriously. In fact, the only visible advantage of this young man is that he is the adopted son of Julius Caesar. Oss Tavian used this advantage tactfully and won the support of part of Caesar's army. But most of Caesar's troops decided to support Marco Anthony, one of Caesar's closest friends. In the ensuing years of power struggle, all other competitors were wiped out one after another. By 36 BC, Rome and many areas it conquered were divided into two parts by marc anthony and Octavian. The former controlled the east and the latter controlled the west. In the following years, however, there was a disturbing truce between them. During this period, Anthony seemed to only indulge in the affair with Cleopatra, while Octavian constantly strengthened his position. In 32 BC, a war broke out between them. In 31 BC, the Ake-Teemo headland naval battle was a showdown, and Octavian's army won. The following year, the war ended with Octavian's total victory, and Antony and Cleopatra both committed suicide.

Octavian's power status is comparable to that of Julius Caesar fifteen years ago. Caesar was assassinated because his intention to end Rome and the political system and claim to be emperor was obvious. But in 3 BC, after years of civil war and the obvious failure of the political system in Rome, most Romans were willing to accept a benevolent autocratic monarch as long as he continued to exercise democratic rule on the surface.

Although Octavian was ruthless in his struggle to reach the top of power, once his position was consolidated, he took an unexpected attitude of reconciliation. In 27 BC, in order to stabilize the mood of members of the Senate, he announced that he would restore the Republic of China and voluntarily resigned from all his political posts. But in fact, he retained his position as the head of state of Spain, Gaul and Syria. Since most of Rome's troops are in these three provinces, the real power is still firmly in his hands. The Senate elected him honorary Augustus, but he never accepted the throne. Verbally, Rome is still a Republic, and Augustus is only the first citizen, but in fact, it is easy for Augustus to get any official position, and the grateful, gentle and docile Senate is always ready for him. He was a powerful dictator for the rest of his life. By the time he died in 14 AD, Rome had completed the transformation from a * * * and a country to a monarchy, and his adopted son easily became his successor.

Augustus is outstanding, and seems to be the best model of a monarch with great talent and kindness in history. He was a real politician, and his appeasement policy played an important role in healing the deep wounds caused by the Roman civil war.

Augustus ruled Rome for more than forty years, and his policies had an impact on the empire in the following years. Under his leadership, the Roman army conquered Spain, Switzerland, Galatia (in Asia Minor) and many parts of the Balkans. At the end of his reign, the northern border of the Roman Empire was not much different from the Rhine-Danube River, which was the northern border for most of the following centuries.

Augustus was an extremely talented administrator, who played an important role in establishing an effective administrative organization. He revised Rome's tax structure and financial system, reorganized the Roman army and established a permanent naval force; He also set up a personal guard-the Roman Emperor's Guard, which will play an important role in selecting and removing the emperor in the next century.

Under the leadership of Augustus, a huge and wide road network spread all over the Roman Empire, and many public buildings sprang up in Roman cities. The face of Rome is beautifully decorated. Churches suddenly appeared, and Augustus encouraged people to pursue and be loyal to the old Catholic church; Laws have been passed to encourage marriage and childbirth.

since 3 BC, under the leadership of Augustus, Rome has enjoyed a peaceful world, a prosperous economy and flourishing literature and art. Augustus era is the golden age of Roman literature, and the greatest writers in Rome, such as Virgil, khoris and Levi, appeared in this period. The writer Ovid caused the displeasure of Augustus, so he was banished from Rome.

Augustus had no biological son, and one of his nephews and two grandnephews died before him. So he adopted his stepson Tiberius and appointed him as his heir before he died. However, his dynasty (including two notorious emperors, Calegra and Nero) soon collapsed, but the domestic peace he initiated, the so-called "Roman peace", lasted for about 2 years. In this period of peace and prosperity to be continued, Roman culture spread all over the territory conquered by Augustus and other Roman leaders.

The Roman Empire was the most famous empire in ancient times, and it really deserved its reputation. Because Rome is not only the birthplace of ancient civilization, but also the main conduit for the ideological and cultural achievements of all ethnic groups in the ancient world (Egypt, Babylon, Judaism, Greece, etc.) to enter Western Europe.

It is interesting to compare Augustus with his great-uncle. Although Augustus has a beautiful appearance, a clever mind, a determined personality and outstanding military achievements, he lacks the kind of leadership spirit that his ancestors had. Julius is far more attractive to the imagination of his contemporaries than Augustus, and the former has been more famous than the latter ever since. But judging from their actual influence on history, Augustus is far more important than Julius.

It is also interesting to compare Augustus with Alexander. Both of them started their political careers when they were very young, but Augustus had to defeat his tougher opponents in order to reach the peak of power. His military talent is not as outstanding as Alexander's, but it will undoubtedly leave a deep impression on people, because his conquest is more lasting. In fact, this is the biggest difference between the two. Augustus carefully planned and arranged for the future, so his long-term influence on human history was even greater.

You can also compare Augustus with Mao Zedong or George Washington. All three of them have played an important (and similar) role in world history, but judging from the time ruled by Augustus, the success of policies and the important position of the Roman Empire in world history, I think Augustus should rank higher than the other two.