Information about the Olympic Games

Olympic Games (English: Olympic Games Greek: ο λ υ μ π ι α κ ο? Αγ? νε? ; Olympiakoi Agones, referred to as "Olympic Games" for short, is a world-wide comprehensive games sponsored by the International Olympic Committee, including the Summer Olympic Games, the Winter Olympic Games, the Paralympic Games, the Youth Olympic Games and the Special Olympic Games. The Olympic Games is held every four years (it was interrupted three times in two world wars, in 1916, 194 and 1944 respectively), and each session lasts no more than 16 days.

The Olympic Games got its name because it originated in Olympia, ancient Greece. The ancient Olympic Games lasted for 293 sessions from 776 BC to 393 AD, and was later abolished by the Roman emperor Diodor on charges of cult activities. The International Sports Conference held in Paris in 1894 decided to resume the Olympic Games according to the propose to create of French aristocrat Pierre De Coubertin. The first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens, Greece in 1896, and has been held in turn around the world since then. Since the Winter Olympic Games was established in 1924, the Olympic Games are customarily called "Summer Olympic Games". The Olympic Games has now become a symbol of peace and friendship.

The latest Summer Olympics is the 24 Athens Olympic Games. The latest Winter Olympics was the 26 Winter Olympics in Turin, with 7 major events and 84 minor events. The next Olympic Games will be the 28 Beijing Olympic Games, with 28 major events and 32 minor events.

Ancient Olympic Games

In 776 BC, the Greeks stipulated to hold a sports meeting in Olympia every four years. During the Games, all Greek athletes and nearby citizens gathered in Olympia, a beautiful town in southern Greece. When the first Olympic Games were held here in 776 BC, the Dorian Klose won the championship in the 192.27-meter sprint and became the first winner of the first event in the International Olympic Games. Later, the scale of the ancient Greek Games gradually expanded and became a grand event to show the national spirit. Winners of the competition get wreaths woven by laurel, wild olive and palm.

From 776 BC to 394 AD, after 1168 years, * * * held the 293rd ancient Olympic Games. It was banned by the Roman emperor Theodosius I in 394 AD.

Legends of Origin

There are many legends about the origin of the ancient Olympic Games, the most important of which are the following two: one is that the ancient Olympic Games was a sports competition held regularly to sacrifice Zeus, and the other is related to Heracles, the son of Zeus. Hercules was praised as "Hercules" because of his great strength. He finished the task that ordinary people couldn't finish in Elis city-state, and cleaned the king's cowshed full of cow dung in less than half a day, but the king didn't want to fulfill his promise of giving away 3 cows, so Herakler drove the king away in a fit of pique. To celebrate his victory, he held a sports meeting in Olympia.

Initiation and prosperity (776-388 BC)

In 776 BC, Evy Tus, the ruler of the Peloponnesus, tried to integrate religion with sports. It not only innovates religious ceremonies, but also organizes large-scale sports competitions and activities, and decides to hold them every four years. The time is set after the summer solstice of leap year. Therefore, the ancient Olympic Games in 776 BC officially went down in history and became the first session of the ancient Olympic Games. There was only one event. Site run, with a distance of 192.27 meters.

Although there were disputes among the city-states in this period, Greece was an independent country with developed politics, economy and culture, which was the golden age of the Games. Especially in 49 BC, after Athens, Greece, defeated the Persian army in the Marathon Valley, the people's feelings were vigorous, and the national prestige was greatly enhanced. Many sports facilities and temples were built, and the contestants spread all over the Greek city-States. The Olympic Games was at its peak and became the biggest festival in Greece.

Decline (from 388 BC to 146 BC)

Due to the long Peloponnesian War between Sparta and Athens (from 431 BC to 44 BC), the national strength of Greece was greatly reduced, and Macedonia gradually annexed Greece. Philip, the king of Macedonia, also took part in horse racing by himself. Later, although Alexander the Great himself did not like sports activities, he still actively supported them, and regarded the Olympic Games as the highest opening ceremony of sports activities in ancient Greece, adding facilities for it. However, during this period, the spirit of the ancient Olympic Games has greatly faded, and professional athletes began to appear.

Death (146 BC-394 AD)

After the Roman Empire ruled Greece, although the sports meeting was still held at first, Olympia was no longer the only competition place. For example, in the 175th Olympic Games in 8 BC, Rome's economic laws called excellent athletes to compete in Rome, while Olympia only held junior competitions. At this time, professional athletes began to appear in large numbers, and the Olympic Games became a competition for professional athletes, and the Greeks lost interest in it. After the 2nd century A.D., Christianity ruled the whole of Europe, including Greece, advocating asceticism, advocating the separation of soul and body, and opposing sports, which made Europe in a dark age, and the Olympic Games declined even more, until it existed in name only. In 393 AD, the Roman emperor Theodosius I declared Christianity as the state religion, and thought that the ancient Olympic Games were against the purpose of Christianity and were pagan activities. The following year, he announced the abolition of the ancient Olympic Games. In 895 AD, the Byzantines and Goethe fought fiercely on the Alphonse River, which destroyed all the facilities in Olympia. In 426 AD, Theodosius II burned the remnants of the building in Olympia. In 522 and 511, two strong earthquakes occurred one after another, which completely destroyed Olympia. Since then, the ancient Olympic Games, which has been postponed for more than 1 years, has ceased to exist, and the prosperous Olympia has become a ruin.

Olympic Games revival

From p>1875 to 1881, German Ku Tius people excavated the unearthed cultural relics at the site of Olympia, which aroused the interest of the whole world. In July, 1889, at the international track and field congress held in Paris, France, Pierre De Coubertin, a French educator who was later honored as "the father of the Olympics", made public his idea of restoring the Olympic Games for the first time. In January 1891, Coubertin, as the Secretary-General of the French Federation of Athletics Associations, sent an invitation to almost every sports organization and club in the world-to attend the international sports congress held in Paris, France in June 1894. On June 16th, 1894, the conference was held in Paris Sorbonne Theological Seminary as scheduled. A week after the meeting, that is, on June 23rd, the General Assembly passed the resolution to establish the International Olympic Committee, and June 23rd became the "International Olympic Day". At that time, Coubertin became the first secretary-general. The Congress decided to hold the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, and Athens, a historic city in Greece, won the right to host it.

Modern Olympic Games

On June 16th, 1894, the first Olympic Charter initiated and formulated by Coubertin was adopted at the Paris International Conference. It involves the basic purposes, principles and other related matters of the Olympic Movement. At the Olympic Games in Lausanne, Switzerland in 1921, the Olympic Law was formulated, including the Olympic Charter, the Constitution of the International Olympic Committee, the competition rules and protocols of the Olympic Games, the general rules for holding the Olympic Games and the rules of the Olympic Parliament. Over the past decades, the Olympic Law has been revised and supplemented many times, but the basic principles and spirit formulated by Coubertin have not changed.

At the second Paris Olympic Games in 19, 11 women broke the ban and appeared on the sports ground. After several arguments, the International Olympic Committee finally passed the resolution to allow women to participate in the Olympic Games at its 22nd meeting in 1924. Since then, women's events have become an indispensable part of the Olympic Games, and more and more female athletes have participated.

With the development of the Olympic Movement, the IOC has made many regulations.

In p>1913, according to Coubertin's idea, the International Olympic Committee designed the Olympic flag, with a boundless white background and five interlocking rings in the center. The colors of the rings are sky blue, yellow, black, green and red. The five rings symbolize the unity of five continents and the athletes from all over the world meet at the Olympic Games in a fair and frank competition and friendly spirit. In 1914, to celebrate the 2th anniversary of the restoration of the modern Olympic Movement, the flag was first used at the Olympic Congress held in Paris. During the Antwerp Olympic Games in 192, the first five-ring flag was raised in the stadium. Since then, there have been flag handover ceremonies and flag-raising ceremonies at the opening ceremonies of previous Olympic Games. In order to publicize the Olympic spirit and encourage athletes to participate in the competition, Coubertin proposed and approved by the International Olympic Committee in 1913 to take "Swifter, higher and stronger" as the Olympic motto. When the London Olympic Games were held in 198, at the religious ceremony of the Olympic Games held in St. Paul's Cathedral, the Archbishop of Pennsylvania in the United States said in his sermon that the Olympic Games "are important to participate, not to win". Coubertin greatly appreciated this statement and quoted it many times in the future. Therefore, many people think that this sentence should become an Olympic ideal. Athletes' Oath has been implemented since the Seventh Olympic Games in 192. In the 19th Olympic Games in 1968, the oath of referees was added. At the 11th Olympic Games in 1936, the IOC officially stipulated that the Olympic flame symbolizing light, friendship and unity should be lit at the main venue. Since then, this activity has become one of the indispensable ceremonies for the opening ceremony of each Olympic Games. Before the Olympic Games, the torch was lit by the sunlight gathered by concave mirror near the temple of Greek goddess Hera (wife of Zeus) in Olympia, and then the torch relay was carried out, and it arrived in the host city one day before the opening of the Olympic Games. At the opening ceremony, the host country athletes took the last stick to light the flame on the tower, and the flame went out at the closing ceremony.

Olympic events include:

track and field basketball football

wrestling judo weightlifting

shooting archery fencing

rowing equestrian boxing

handball tennis baseball

softball taekwondo badminton

canoeing table tennis hockey

cycling sailing windsurfing

gymnastics (including rhythmic gymnastics)

volleyball (including beach volleyball) Synchronized swimming)

triathlon modern pentathlon

Prince of gymnastics Li Ning

Gender: male

Nationality: Zhuang nationality

Height: 1m 64

Weight: 58kg

Date of birth: September 8, 1963

Place of birth: Liuzhou, Guangxi

Sports.

Best result: winner of three gold medals at the 1984 Los Angeles Olympic Games

Sports result:

11th world college athlete won the floor exercise and pommel horse in p>1981, and was the fifth all-around athlete

At the 6th World Cup Gymnastics Competition in p>1982, he won the floor exercise, horizontal bar, vault, pommel horse, rings and all-around events. Become the first athlete in the history of gymnastics in the world to achieve such good results

Gymnastics all-around, rings champion, parallel bars runner-up and men's team champion in the 9th Asian Games in p>1982

Men's team champion, vault runner-up and floor exercise in the 22nd World Gymnastics Championship in p>1983, rings third

Floor exercise in the 23rd Olympic Games in p>1984, rings and pommel horse won three gold medals, vault silver medal and all-around bronze medal. Men's team silver medal

Ring champion, pommel horse, floor exercise and team runner-up in the 23rd World Gymnastics Championships in p>1985

Gymnastics all-around in the 1th Asian Games in p>1986, Champion of floor exercises and rings

All-around pommel horse and champion of floor exercises in the 7th Gymnastics World Championships in p>1986

Honors won by him:

His original movements "The rings are hung on the right angle support before hanging from the boom" and "The parallel bars are turned 18 degrees into a handstand", Named by the International Sports Federation as "Li Ning's Hanging Ring" and "Li Ning's Great Circle on the Parallel Bars"

He was awarded the title of master athlete in p>198

He was elected as one of the top ten athletes in China in p>1983

In p>1984, he was awarded the first-class military medal by the General Political Department of the People's Liberation Army, the title of new Long March attacker by the Central Committee of the Youth League and the title of special model worker by the Guangxi People's Government

In p>1985, he was elected as the national model worker. Joined China * * * Production Party

In p>1986, he was elected as one of the top ten athletes in China and was awarded the title of world-class sportsman

In p>p>1987, he was elected as a member of the Athletes' Committee of the International Olympic Committee. Became the only representative in Asia

In p>1994, he was named "45 sports heroes in the 45th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China"

In 1999, he was named "the best athlete of this century" by the International Sports Journalists Association

In 1999, he was elected as the "Fifty Stars of New China Sports" jointly sponsored by China Sports Newspaper, CCTV and Shandong Weifang Yaxing Group

In 1999, he was elected as the Chinese Olympic Committee, Fok Yingdong Foundation and China.

In p>2, he was included in the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame by the International Sports Federation, and became the first world gymnast in China.

He won 14 world championships, which no one can break so far.

Current situation:

He retired after the Seoul Olympic Games in p>1988, and entered the business world, and his "Li Ning" brand clothes and Jianlibao drinks were sponsored many times.

Few gymnasts in the world have won so many awards like Li Ning, and such reputations as "genius", "prodigy", "giant in gymnastics" and "China trump card" have been used on this Prince of gymnastics.

Li Ning has won more than 1 medals in gymnastics for more than ten years.

Li Ning, chairman of Li Ning Sporting Goods Co., Ltd., was an outstanding gymnast in the 2th century.

Li Ning was born in Guangxi in p>1963. He began to practice gymnastics at the age of 7, joined the national gymnastics team at the age of 17 and retired at the age of 26. In 1981, he won the men's floor exercise, pommel horse and rings in the World University Games. In the 6th World Cup Gymnastics Competition in 1982, Li Ning won six of all seven gold medals for men, creating a myth in the world gymnastics history and being known as "Prince of gymnastics".

In p>1984, in the 23rd Los Angeles Olympic Games, Li Ning * * * won 3 gold, 2 silver and 1 bronze, which was close to 1/5 of the total medals of the China delegation. He also became the athlete who won the most medals in this Olympic Games. In 1985, he won the ring champion of the World Gymnastics Championships. In 1986, he won the men's individual all-around, floor exercise and pommel horse in the 7th World Cup Gymnastics Competition ... During his 17-year sports career, Li Ning won 16 gold medals in major gymnastics competitions at home and abroad. 1987