History and culture of Singapore

The early lion city was mainly inhabited by Malays, and its earliest literature records originated in the 3rd century AD in China. /kloc-During the Ming Dynasty in the 4th century, China called Singapore "Temasek". In the 7th century, Singapore was called "Temasek" and was the trade center of srivastava Dynasty, the ancient Sumatra Empire. By the 3rd century, Singapore had a new name-Singapore, which means "City of Lions". It is said that when Sonny Rautama, a Pakistani prince, visited Singapore, he saw a beast with a lion's head and took it as his name. The new name has been used ever since. /kloc-In the 4th century, Singapore became a battleground for the military strategists of neighboring countries, but there was no big winner in the war. However, Singapore's society and people are deeply hurt. Singapore was abandoned by other countries and its houses were completely destroyed. For a time, it became a desolate jungle. It was not until the17th century that Singapore made new progress. Singapore is a relatively young country, and the Republic of China was formally established only 35 years ago. There are not many historical materials left by Singapore. Residents have been living by the sea and engaged in fishing trade. Of course, many people have become pirates. Singapore was called "Haicheng" in ancient times. It is said that during the period from 13 to16th century, there was a dynasty in Southeast Asia called Magabado, which probably ruled Singapore at that time. In the imperial colony of 18 1 1, 100 Malays took root here under the leadership of their leader Tian Menggang. Eight years later, Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles from England landed on the bank of Singapore. Sir Raffles, who has a unique vision, believes that although pirates are rampant around Singapore, it is an ideal British overseas trade base. Raffles then gradually built Singapore into a free port. Before Sir Raffles landed in Singapore, it was indeed a small fishing village overgrown with weeds and unknown. Raffles arrived here by boat and found that the geographical position here is very special and the development potential is huge, so he chose to set up the British Empire Overseas Trade Center here and take free trade measures to attract businessmen from Asian countries, the Middle East and even America to engage in maritime trade. By 1824, the population of Singapore had rapidly increased from 150 to 10000, which laid a solid foundation for future development and proved that it was indeed an important port for connecting the East and the West. 19411On February 7th, the Pacific War broke out when Japan raided Pearl Harbor, USA. Only a few hours later, Japan spread the war to Southeast Asia, and the 25th Japanese Army stationed in zhina Peninsula began to attack Malaya and Singapore. Singapore is the choke point from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean and the main target of the Japanese attack. In order to protect this strategic location, Churchill sent two battleships, the Prince of Wales and the Enemy, to Singapore. In addition, Britain symbolically distributed ammunition and weapons to local Chinese and Indian communities. Few people used to regard Singapore as their home, but now it's different. 12 On February 7th and 8th, the Japanese army landed in Crater Canyon and Godabalu, and the Japanese air force bombed Singapore intensively. With the cooperation of navy and air force, Japanese ground troops attacked south along the railway. British troops stationed in northern Malaya retreated to Singapore in panic. On February 9th, 65438+, the British battleships Prince of Wales and Enemy Ship set sail from Singapore in order to wipe out the Japanese troops landing in Guan Dan. 10 morning, when approaching Guan Dan, it was attacked by Japanese bombers and torpedoes and sank. At this point, Britain completely lost its air and sea power in the Pacific region. The Japanese who landed in Malaya continued to attack south and occupied Kuala Lumpur on 1942. 1 At the end of the year, the whole Malayan Peninsula fell. /kloc-in February of 0/4, Singapore was surrounded and its fresh water was cut off. In June of 5438+05, Bai, commander-in-chief of the British army, announced his unconditional surrender at 8: 30 pm, and 80,000 defenders were captured by the Japanese army. In this way, this sea passage connecting Asia, Africa, Europe and Australia fell into the hands of the Japanese, and Singapore also began a humiliating occupation period of three years and six months. Japan renamed it "Zhaonan Special City" from "Southern Land Acquired in Showa Period". The surrender of the British army did bring a serious psychological impact to the British Empire. In the early days of Japanese occupation, countless adult China men were arrested and killed by the Japanese army as victims in the name of participating in anti-Japanese activities. 1In August, 945, Britain recovered its jurisdiction over Singapore and restored its old name. The British tried the Japanese officers who committed heinous crimes in Singapore, but only a few of them were properly tried and the rest were simply deported. Moreover, Britain made Malaya independent, but Singapore became a British colony and continued to be dominated by it, which aroused the anger of Chinese society. The people demanded a say in the government. 1948 On March 20th, Singapore held its first general election. At the end of 1953, Singapore amended its constitution and enjoyed greater autonomy. 1955, Singapore held an election, and Marshall became the first chief minister of Singapore. The Labor Front he led, together with UMNO and MCA, formed a coalition government. Marshall resigned on June 6 due to the breakdown of negotiations on full autonomy. 1957 In March, the negotiating delegation led by Lin Youfu reached an agreement on the main provisions of Singapore's new constitution in the London negotiations. Finally, it gained autonomy in 1959, and held its first general election in May of the same year. The People's Action Party won 43 of the 565,438+0 seats in the Legislative Assembly. On June 5th, the first government of Singapore Autonomous State was sworn in, and Lee Kuan Yew became the first prime minister of Singapore. 1963, Singapore, Malaya Federation, Sarawak and North Borneo (now Sabah) established Malaysia Federation at the suggestion of Malaya Prime Minister Tengku abdul rahman, and Malaysia's name was formed by Malaya plus "Si" representing Singapore. Since then, Singapore has completely separated from British rule. 1On August 9, 965, Singapore declared its secession and became an independent sovereign state. Independence and Development After Singapore became independent, after 1970,