Who owns the six ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River?

The origin of the six ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River (Zhouzhuang, Tongli, Luzhi, Xitang, Wuzhen and Nanxun) is that the planning pattern and architectural art of "small bridges, flowing water and people" are unparalleled in the world, forming a living environment where man and nature live in harmony. The six ancient water towns in the south of the Yangtze River are the most representative areas of water towns in the south of the Yangtze River in China. They are well-known in the world and at home and abroad for their profound historical and cultural heritage, elegant and graceful water town customs and simple folk customs of Wunong soft language. The six ancient towns are the representatives of the water towns in the south of the Yangtze River, which have both similarities and their own characteristics. A tour guide who has been to Xitang, all the ancient towns, rated Zhouzhuang as the earliest and most famous. Nanxun has the deepest cultural heritage, and each scenic spot is very tasty. Wuzhen tourism is very successful. This is a museum-style ancient town with almost no indigenous people. Xitang has the largest area, protecting 1.05 square kilometers and 250,000 square meters of buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The veranda and Gu Xiang are very distinctive. It is precisely because of the individuality in * * * that many travel agencies have launched six ancient towns as a whole. Professor college of architecture and urban planning and Director of the National Research Center for the Protection of Historic and Cultural Cities Ruan started from 1982 to protect six ancient water towns in the south of the Yangtze River. From 65438 to 0998, at the suggestion of Ms. Ming Jiayang, Director of the Asia-Pacific Region of the United Nations Heritage Center, Zhouzhuang, Tongli and Luzhi in Jiangsu, Wuzhen, Nanxun and Xitang in Zhejiang jointly declared the world cultural heritage in the name of an ancient water town in the south of the Yangtze River. In April, 20001,six ancient water towns in the south of the Yangtze River were listed in the World Heritage List, and the launching ceremony of the special stamps of "Ancient Water Towns in the South of the Yangtze River" was held in Wuzhen, Zhejiang. A set of six stamps, rich in ink and light in color, is unique, and an ancient town has a joint lineup. In June+10, 5438, APEC held a half-day meeting in Zhouzhuang, Jiangsu Province, which showed the world the customs of the ancient water town in the south of the Yangtze River. In June, 165438+ 10, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces formally submitted the application text to the Ministry of Construction. 1. Zhouzhuang Town (Kunshan City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province): the first of the six ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River, known as "the first ancient town in the south of the Yangtze River"! Origin of the town name: During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Zhouzhuang was the fief of Prince Wu Yaozi, which was called Yaocheng. In the first year of Yuan You in the Northern Song Dynasty (1086), more than 200 mu of Langshe House of Duke Zhou was donated to the local Quanfu Temple, formerly known as Zhouzhuang. In the mid-Yuan Dynasty, Shen Wansan used the traffic advantage of Beibaimian River in Zhouzhuang Town to trade with other countries, so Zhouzhuang became a distribution center for its grain, silk, ceramics and handicrafts, and became a giant town in the south of the Yangtze River. In the early years of Qing Emperor Kangxi, it was officially named Zhouzhuang Town. Famous scenic spots: The most famous scenic spots in Zhouzhuang are Fuan Bridge, Shuangqiao and Shenting. Fuan Bridge is the only three-dimensional bridge building in the south of the Yangtze River. The double bridge connected by the two bridges has a unique shape, and the stone bridge is solid and simple. It was built in the Ming Dynasty and consists of a stone arch bridge and a stone bridge in A Liang. It spans two small rivers, namely the North-South River and the Yinzibang River. The bridge deck is horizontal and vertical, and bridge opening is square. It is strewn at random, just like a big lock, locking two small rivers tightly into A Qing-style quadrangles. The overall structure is neat and the local styles are different. History of Ancient Town: Zhouzhuang Town has a history of 900 years. The river in the town is in the shape of a well, and there are many bridges in the town. There are 89 ancient bridges with a history of more than 400 years. Shen Wansan, the richest man in Jiangnan in Ming Dynasty, lived here. He was so rich that Zhu Yuanzhang coveted him. He personally funded the repair of one third of the Ming wall in Nanjing. Shen Wansan has many industries all over the world, but he has always regarded Zhouzhuang as his foundation. 1984, Chen Yifei, who was studying in the United States, created an oil painting "Memories of My Hometown" with Zhouzhuang Shuangqiao as the background. Together with his other 37 works, they were exhibited in armand hammer Gallery, the chairman of American Western Oil Company, in the autumn of 10, which caused a sensation, especially those works created by using oil painting and traditional ink painting techniques in China, depicting the small bridge and flowing water in Gusu and the countryside in the south of the Yangtze River. Art News, an authoritative American magazine, published a review entitled "Dare to Challenge Western Trends", which specifically introduced Chen Yifei's artistic achievements. That year 1 1 month, armand? 6? 1 When Hammer visited China in, he bought Chen Yifei's Memories of Hometown at a high price and gave it to Comrade Deng Xiaoping as a gift. I don't know why Hammer chose China's "native products" as a gift for China leaders, but it was this choice that made China people really know Zhouzhuang. The United Nations issues six sets of stamps every year, and the United Nations World Association selects six outstanding painters from all over the world every year, asking them to design and draw exquisite patterns themselves as the first day covers of each set of stamps. 1985, this painting was processed by Chen Yifei and became the first day cover of the World United Nations Association, which made more and more people appreciate the charming scenery of the ancient water town in China. Film and television dramas: The Legend of the New White Snake, Chinese Cabbage, Lonely Studio, Lonely Walker, Soul Knife, Liu Yazi, Chuangshi, Ruan, Yuanyang Mismatched Scholar Qian, Heaven is Love, Hu Xueyan, Ji Gong Travel Notes, etc. Accommodation: The price of private hotels is generally around 60 yuan/day, which can be bargained. In peak season, the price sometimes rises to more than 100 yuan. If you have enough money, you can choose to live in Zhengutang, a typical family inn in a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. Originally the former residence of educator Mr. Shen Tilan, it is a quadrangle building with Ming and Qing styles. Price 280 yuan/day. 2. Tongli Ancient Town (Wujiang City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province): The origin of the town name: Tongli was rich in ancient times, so it was called "rich soil"; In the early Tang dynasty, because its name was too luxurious and ostentatious, it was changed to "copper alley"; In the Song Dynasty, the word "rich" was not the first, and a little bit was removed. Then the word was divided into two parts, the upper part was "tong", and the lower part was added with "Tian" and "Tu" to become "Li", from which the name of Tongli came, reflecting the modesty and low-key of Tongli people, which is still in use today. Famous scenic spots: The main scenic spots can be summarized as "one garden", "two halls" and "three bridges". Tuisi Garden has been listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit and a national 4A-level tourist attraction. Jiayintang, located in Wujiang, Jiangsu, was built in 1922. Its owner is Liu Bingnan, who is of the same ancestry as the famous patriotic poet Liu Yazi. Mr. Liu Yazi once lived here; Of course, the most attractive thing about Chongben Hall is its various sculptures. The most famous bridges are the "Three Bridges"-Taiping Bridge, Geely Bridge and cheung tsing bridge, which stand in the center of the ancient town. The "Three Bridges", which has been widely circulated for thousands of years, is finally truly displayed in front of my eyes. It is a symbol of disaster relief, refuge, auspiciousness and happiness. They say that after crossing the Taiping Bridge, you are in good health all year round. Walking through the Geely Bridge, business is booming and you are promoted step by step; After cheung tsing bridge, youth will stay and never grow old. Film and Television Plays: Bao and Son, A Dream of Red Mansions, Lin Chong, Home, Spring, Autumn, Dong Xiaowan, Joking, Half-life Fate, Love for a lifetime, Favorite of Heaven, Drama Stage, Romantic Moon and Returning Compassion. There are also cruise ships between Tongli and Zhouzhuang. Accommodation: There are many small hotels in Tongli that can pass the leisure time, but if you want to choose a regular hotel, there are Tongli resorts, which are 240 yuan/day at ordinary times and 280 yuan/day at weekends. The cheaper one is Tongli Sanyuan Hotel, 140 yuan/day. The most affordable is Tongli Folk Music House, 60 yuan/Tian. 3. Luzhi Ancient Town (Wuzhong District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province): Known as "Venice of the East"! Origin of the town name (homophonic with "deer"): Luzhi was originally named Fuli, and was named after the "Fuli Hall" in the west of the town; Later, because there is a straight port in the east of the town, which connects six places, the shape of the water flow is as cool as the word "straight", so it was renamed "straight"; It is also said that the ancient unicorn "Lu Duan" visited China's land and found it to be a treasure trove of geomantic omen, so he stayed in Lu Zhi for a long time. Therefore, since the history of Lu Zhi, there has never been famine, drought or flood, and the people have plenty of food and clothing every year. Famous scenic spots: Baosheng Temple, Ginkgo Tree, Shenzhai Temple and Xiaozhai Baosheng Temple, which were built in 503 AD. According to the historical records of 1495, Luzhibao Temple is the first batch of national first-class key cultural relics protection units announced by the State Council. It is a famous thousand-year-old temple in the south of the Yangtze River and nine clay arhats carved by Yang Huizhi, a famous sculptor in the Tang Dynasty. Despite thousands of years of vicissitudes, it still exists. Up to now, there are still more than 200 buildings in the temple, which maintains the pattern of first-class temples and is known as one of the four major temples in the south of the Yangtze River. Ginkgo tree and ancient ginkgo are one of the rough and ancient symbols. This is not only an ancient symbol of the intersection of historical and cultural towns, but also adds luster to the scenery of Luzhi. At present, there are 7 ginkgo trees in the town, including 4 around Baosheng Temple. The oldest is 1300 years old and 50 meters high. Three people can't get around. Despite thousands of years of wind and frost, she is still tall and strong. The essence of Shen Zhai is "Leshan Hall". This three-bay hall is the most luxurious building in town. The dazzling array of sculptures in the hall is rich in style. Xiaozhai was originally built by a Wu surnamed Yang in the town, but it was later sold to a famous family in the village, so it was called Xiaozhai. Xiaozhai, located in Shangtang Street, Lu Zhi Town, Zhong Shi, was built in the ugly year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1889) and covers an area of 1000 square meters. It is the best existing Qing Dynasty residence in the ancient town. Transportation: There is a through train service in Shanghai. Suzhou has a 18 bus through. There is also a direct coach between Zhouzhuang and Tongli. Accommodation: At present, the main places to receive tourists in the town are Luzhi Guest House, with standard rooms 120 yuan/day, triple rooms 150 yuan/room and suites/room. Tang Xi Ancient Town (Jiashan County, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province): the best of the six ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River! Origin of the town name: According to legend, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Wu Zixu of the State of Wu built water conservancy, transported salt, dug Wuzitang, and diverted water to the north of Xushan (now southwest of Jiashan County 12) to reach the territory, so Xitang was also called Xutang. Because Xitang is flat, it is Ma Pingchuan, also called Pingchuan and Xietang. Famous scenic spots: "Sanduo" (bridges, lanes, corridors and sheds) Xitang is famous for its bridges, lanes and sheds. Xitang has simple folk customs and melodious paddles, which are permeated with the unique humanistic accumulation of China ancient traditional culture. The ancient town of Tang Xi protects the harmonious relationship between man and nature, and is a holy place for experts to study the folk culture of water towns in the south of the Yangtze River. The artist's description of "the folk culture of Jiangnan water town"; Tourists Taste the Pure Land of "Folk Culture of Water Towns in the South of the Yangtze River" The ancient town of Tang Xi attracts people all over the world with its unique cultural temperament. History of Ancient Town: Xitang is an ancient town with a history of thousands of years. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it was the intersection of wuyue and China, so it was called "Wugen Corner" and "Crossroad". During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, a large number of villages were built. People built houses along the river and lived by the water. In the Southern Song Dynasty, villages gradually became larger and formed a market. In the Yuan Dynasty, the market towns prospered by water gradually formed, and commerce began to flourish. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has developed into a handicraft and commercial center in the south of the Yangtze River. "Spring and Autumn Flowing Water, Towns in Tang and Song Dynasties, Buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties, Modern People" is the most appropriate description of Xitang. Television dramas: Mission Impossible 3, Who is in charge of my youth, Five-Star Hotel, Fog Like Rain and Wind, Don't Love Me, Jasmine Flower, Dream Back to Qinghe River, Painting Soul, Song of Eternal Sorrow, Falling Flowers and Running Water, All My Life and Being with You. Transportation: Take a train or bus from Shanghai or Hangzhou to Jiashan, and Jiashan Bus Station leaves for Xitang every 5 minutes. Accommodation: Xitang Hotel, Yuyuan Hotel, etc. The price ranges from 70- 100 yuan/day. There are also private hotels, and the price can be negotiated. 5. Wuzhen Ancient Town (Tongxiang City, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province): Origin of the town name: In the Qin Dynasty, Wuzhen belonged to Huiji County, with Chexi (now Shihe) as the boundary, Wu Dun in the west, Wucheng County and Qingdun in the east, which were divided and ruled by the whole county and Wuzhen. In the early years of Yuanfeng (1078), there were records of Wudun Town and Qingdun Town. Later, it was renamed Wuzhen and Qingzhen to avoid light and taboo. Song Guangzong ascended the throne in the Southern Song Dynasty. His name is a strange word. He put "incense" in his heart and pronounced "dun", so all the words pronounced "dun" in the world could not be used. From then on, Wu Dun was named Wuzhen. 1950 In May, the two towns of Wu and Qing merged and became Wuzhen, which belonged to Tongxiang County and moved its capital to Jiaxing until today. Famous attractions: Mao Dun's former residence, Mao Dun's former residence Jiangnan Baichuang Pavilion. Mao Dun lives here at 1974 ~ 198 1. Jiangnan Hundred Beds Museum, located at No.210, Wuzhen East Street, also known as Zhaojiating, covers an area of about 1200 square meters and houses dozens of ancient beds in the south of the Yangtze River in Ming and Qing Dynasties and modern times. History of Ancient Town: During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wuzhen was the border of wuyue, where the State of Wu stationed troops to guard against crossing the country, hence the name "Wuzhen". Have you seen Mao Dun's field trilogy Spring Silkworm, Autumn Harvest and Residual Winter? Mao Dun spent his childhood and adolescence in Wuzhen, Zhejiang Province, where he also lived in his youth. The archetypes of the characters he described can be found here, and the novel is a true portrayal of all aspects of Wuzhen in the old society. Film and Television Plays Shooted: The MV of Taiwan Province girl group SHE's song "China People" was also shot in Wuzhen, such as Time flies, Beauty is Silent, Cheongsam, Spring Flows East, Chasing the Sun, Early Spring in February, Qianlong Dynasty, She Came from the Sea-The Story of Zhang Ailing, and Ghosts in My Heart. Nanxun Town (Nanxun District, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province): Once the richest ancient town in Jiangnan! Origin of the town name: Taiping and Xingguo three years in the Northern Song Dynasty (978), called Xunxi because of Binxi, has been used until Ningzong in the Southern Song Dynasty (1195 ~1224); During the reign of Li Zong in the Southern Song Dynasty (1225 ~ 1264), it was recorded in the literature that "Lin Nan is a settlement, and the wealth of farming and mulberry belongs to Zhejiang". Lin Nan was named after the merchants gathered in the southwest of Xunxi; The town was built in Chun Hu (1252), with the initials of Lin Nan and Xunxi as Nanxun. Famous scenic spots: Jiayetang Library, Liuxiaolian Village and Nanxun Sangu Bridge. Jiayetang Library, which faces Xiaolianzhuang across the river, was built by Liu Yong and Sun Liucheng in 1920, and was named after the "Qinruo" Kowloon gold plaque given by the Qing emperor Puyi. This building is large in scale and rich in books. The original library is integrated with the garden and is famous for its collection of ancient books. It is one of the famous private libraries in China in modern times, and it is a national key protected cultural relic. After liberation, the owner of the original library donated it to Zhejiang Library. Now, as a public library and tourist attraction, the library is receiving readers and tourists from all corners of the country. Xiaolianzhuang of Liu's family, the private garden, family temple and yizhuang of Liu Yong, the richest man in Nanxun during Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, is located in the west of Wanguqiao in Nanxun Town, with Zhegu River in the north and Jiayetang Library across the river in the west. It turned out that Liu returned to the funeral home. From the 11th year of Guangxu (1885), the flowers and willows were replanted around the pond, Han Han was replanted, pavilions and pavilions were arranged, and family temples were built. It took 40 years to complete in 1924. It was named "Xiaolianzhuang" because it worshipped Zhao Mengfu, a painter from Huzhou in Yuan Dynasty. The "three ancient bridges in Nanxun" are Guanghui Bridge, Jintong Bridge and Hongji Bridge. Guanghui Bridge is located near the former site of Zhennanzha Chamber of Commerce, across the Chenghe River. This bridge is a single-hole stone arch bridge. Its founding date has been lost, and it was renovated twice in Qing Dynasty. The bridge is18m long, 33m wide and 53m high. There are 24 steps up and down, and the arch stones are laid side by side in longitudinal sections. There are also a pair of exquisite stone lions on the bridge. The north of Jintong Bridge is the western end of East Street, and the south of the bridge is Xiatang East Street, which is located at the intersection of the cross-shaped water system. "Communication" is a passage, and "entry" is water. Due to the unprecedented prosperity of Nanxun silk market in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Jintongqiao became the center of the silk market, and the famous "Gillis" was transported to Shanghai by water and sold at home and abroad. Jintong Bridge, built in Song Dynasty, is a single-hole stone arch bridge. After three renovations in the Qing Dynasty. At present, the bridge is 28 meters long, 4 meters wide and 76 meters high. There are 33 steps up and down, and the arch stones are laid side by side in longitudinal sections. Hongji Bridge is located at the east gate of the town, commonly known as the new bridge. The south of the bridge is in Xiatang East Street, and the north of the bridge is in East Street. This bridge was recorded in Huzhou during the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty, and was rebuilt in the 10th year of Jiaqing 1805. The bridge is a single-hole stone arch bridge with a length of 28 meters, a width of 35 meters and an arch height of 72 meters. There are 33 steps up and down, and the arch stones are laid vertically separately. History of Ancient Town: Nanxun is most famous for its "Li Ji Lake Silk" (which created a land of great wealth) and "Shanlian Lake Pen" (the first in Four Treasures of the Study). From the Wanli period of Ming Dynasty to the middle of Qing Dynasty, the rise of silk industry, handicraft industry and silk reeling industry and the development of commerce were the heyday of Nanxun's economic prosperity. Almost all the rich gentry in the town made their fortune by running silk industry, commonly known as "four elephants, eight cows and seventy-two golden dogs". There is a folk saying that "a city in Huzhou is not as good as a town in Nanxun" (this is a metaphor. According to his wealth, elephants have more than five million taels of silver, Niu Yi has more than one million taels but less than five million taels, and dogs have more than one hundred and two taels and less than one million taels. The four images refer to Liu Yong, Zhang Songxian, Pang Yunzeng and Gu Fu. The wealth of the four elephants is equivalent to the fiscal revenue of the Qing government for one year (72 million taels of silver). Nanxun is a rare town with great wealth in China's modern history. On the second day of Sun Yat-sen's appointment as interim president, Nanxun Town officially announced the establishment of the city. In this bustling ancient town, there are four richest people in the south of the Yangtze River known as the "Four Elephants". There are also rich children who are called "eight oxen" like the eight males of Ning Guofu and Guo Rongfu in A Dream of Red Mansions, and there are also rich people who are full of folk ridicule and are called "seventy-two golden dogs". Film and television dramas: Qiantang Family, Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Granary in the World, New Shanghai Beach, 100,000 Families, Sister Xianglin, Early Spring in February, with tears streaming down her face, Dream Back to Qinghe, Sister-in-law Jade Qing, Clear Lighting Month and Sister Xianglin.