Hainan Geography

Hainan

1. Overview of Hainan

Hainan Island - a shining pearl in the South China Sea, is the second largest island after Taiwan. It is the province with the smallest land area and the largest ocean area in China. The total land area is 33,920 square kilometers. The forest area is 1,714,700 hectares. The forest coverage rate reaches 51%. Tropical natural forests, which account for about half of the province's forest area, have been completely stopped from logging since 1994 for protection and restoration. The main tree species in the artificial forest include rubber, eucalyptus, casuarina, acacia, foreign pine, mango, longan, lychee, coconut, areca nut and other tropical fruit trees. The main forest by-products include tropical fruits, paper wood chips, rubber and rubber materials, rosin, southern medicine, etc. Hainan is located in the tropics, located between 108 degrees 37 minutes east longitude, -111 degrees 05 minutes, and 18 degrees 10 minutes north latitude, -20 degrees 10 minutes. The annual average temperature is 23-25°C, and the average temperature in February, the coldest month, is 16-20° C, the hottest month is 25-29°C, and the average annual precipitation is 1,500 mm. Long summer without winter. When the northern country is frozen for thousands of miles, the warm breeze is still here and you can bathe in the sea. , the entire island covers an area of ??approximately 34,000 square kilometers and has a population of 7 million, including more than 1.2 million people from Li, Miao, Hui and other ethnic minorities.

Hainan Island is at the same latitude as Hawaii in the United States. The 1,528-kilometer-long coast is covered with tourism resources that can be developed into a world-class tourist destination. The island has a pleasant climate all year round, with birds singing, flowers, minerals, flora and fauna throughout the four seasons. It is rich in resources, especially oil and natural gas reserves. The tropical rainforests and mangroves produced are rare forest types in China and are the most ideal place for scientific research, tourism and teaching. There are 4,200 species of plants discovered, accounting for 15% of the country's plant species, and nearly 600 species are endemic to Hainan. Among the 4,200 species of plants, there are more than 1,400 types of trees and shrubs, accounting for 28.6% of the country's tree and shrub species, of which more than 800 are timber tree species with high economic value; there are more than 2,500 medicinal plants, accounting for about 30% of the country's medicinal plants. , including 137 species of plants with anti-cancer effects; 142 species of fruit trees; 89 species of oil plants; and nearly 200 species of other economic plants. Among wild animals, there are 104 species of reptiles, accounting for 29.5% of the country's total; and 76 species of mammals, accounting for 18.6% of the country's total. Hainan's rich biodiversity occupies a very prominent position in China, and protecting biodiversity is one of the key tasks of Hainan's forestry. There are 58 species of plants currently listed under national protection, including 1 species at the first level, 19 species at the second level, and 38 species at the third level; 133 species of animals are protected, including 14 species at the national first level, 87 species at the second level, and 32 species at the provincial level. .

Hainan Island is located in the middle of the Asia-Pacific Economic Circle, facing the Leizhou Peninsula across the Qiongzhou Strait to the north, including Hainan Island and the islands and reefs of the Paracel Islands, Nansha Islands, Zhongsha Islands and their territorial waters. There are Wuzhishan, Limuling mountains and terraces in the middle, and there are plains of varying widths around it. The island has modern facilities such as Haikou Airport and Sanya Phoenix Airport, which have become one of China's top ten airports, a highway around the island, and high-star hotels throughout the province, providing people with high-end food, accommodation, transportation, travel, and other modern facilities. Shopping, entertainment and travel conditions. The suitable climate and excellent beaches make this area the most ideal bathing beaches and summer resorts, such as Luhuitou, Yalong Bay, Dadonghai, Tianya Haijiao in Sanya City, Xiuying Sea in Haikou City, Qinglan Bay in Wenchang County, Qiong Chang Slope of the sea, the north and south coasts of Tongguling, Monkey Island in Lingshui County, Yulinzhou in Dongfang County, etc. There are also volcanic eruption wonders (such as Qiongshan Underwater Village and Ma'anling Lava Cave) and mangrove coastal landscapes along the coast. Monkey Island in the South China Sea in Lingshui County is often talked about. Wuzhi Mountain is the main peak of Hainan Island, and its momentum It is particularly majestic. The former site of the Qiongya Column in Qiongzhong is a modern revolutionary memorial site. The Li ethnic group is only distributed in Hainan Island, with a population of about 700,000. They are good at textiles, printing and dyeing, and clothing, and their diet has distinctive ethnic characteristics, making them the most important people in Hainan. Ethnic customs and tourism resources.

Hainan Island’s charming seawater, snow-white beaches, bright sunshine, charming underwater world and legendary ethnic minority customs will definitely make you linger.

The flowers bloom here all year round, the fruits are fragrant, the sun, the beach, the sea water, the air, the passionate and charming Li Miao girls, and the Xinglong Kangle Hot Spring all exude the special charm of this tropical island.

2. Geography and Climate

Location and Territory:

Hainan Province is located in the southernmost tip of China, bounded by the Qiongzhou Strait to the north and Guangdong Province to the west. The Gulf faces the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, faces the South China Sea to the east and faces Taiwan Province, and borders the Philippines, Brunei and Malaysia in the South China Sea to the southeast and south. The administrative area of ??Hainan Province includes Hainan Island and the islands and reefs of the Paracel Islands, Zhongsha Islands, Nansha Islands and their waters. The total land area of ??the province (including Hainan Island and Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands) is 35,000 square kilometers, and the sea area is about 2 million square kilometers. Hainan Island is shaped like a large oval pear running from northeast to southwest, with a total area (excluding satellite islands) of 33,900 square kilometers. It is the second largest island in my country after Taiwan Island. Hainan Island

The Qiongzhou Strait that separates Hainan Island from the Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong Province is about 18 nautical miles wide. The Zengmu Shoal in the Nansha Islands is the southernmost territory of our country.

Mountains and Rivers:

Most of the mountains in Hainan Island range from 500 to 800 meters, and are actually hilly low-mountain terrain. There are 81 peaks with an altitude of more than 1,000 meters, forming a long wall that stretches over the low hills. Peaks with an altitude of more than 1,500 meters include Wuzhishan, Yinggeling, Ozhiling, Houmi

ling, Yajiadaling and Diaoluo Mountain. These mountains are roughly divided into three major mountain ranges. The Wuzhishan Mountain Range is located in the central part of Hainan Island, with its main peak at an altitude of 1867.1 meters, making it the highest mountain in Hainan Island; the Yinggeling Mountain Range is located in the northwest of Wuzhi Mountain, with its main peak at an altitude of 1811.6 meters; and the Yajia Mountain Range is located in the west of the island. , the main peak is 1519.1 meters above sea level. The terrain of Hainan Island is high in the middle and low on the surrounding sides. Most of the relatively large rivers originate in the central mountainous area, forming a radial water system. There are 154 rivers flowing into the sea alone on the island, of which 38 have a water catchment area of ??more than 100 square kilometers. Nandu River, Changhua River, and Wanquan River are the three major rivers in Hainan Island. The drainage area of ??these three rivers accounts for 47% of the island's area. The Nandu River originates from Nanfeng Mountain in Baisha County, runs diagonally across the northern part of the island, and reaches the sea from Haikou City and Qiongshan City, with a total length of 311 kilometers; the Changhua River originates from Kongshi Ridge in Qiongzhong County, runs across the western part of Hainan Island, and enters the sea at Changhua Port , with a total length of 230 kilometers; the upper reaches of Wanquan River is divided into north and south branches, originating from Wuzhishan and Fengmenling in Qiongzhong respectively. The two rivers merge at Hekouzui, Longjiang, Qionghai City, and enter the sea at Boao Port. The total length of the main stream is 163 kilometers.

Climate:

Hainan is the place with the most tropical marine climate characteristics in my country. It is warm and hot all year round, with abundant rainfall, obvious dry and wet seasons, frequent winds, tropical storms and typhoons. Frequent and diverse climate resources. The annual total solar radiation in Hainan Island is about 110-140 kcal/cm2, the annual sunshine hours are 1750-2650 hours, and the light rate is 50-60. The number of sunshine hours is divided by region, with the most in the western coastal areas and the least in the central mountainous areas. According to seasons, the sunshine hours are in the order of summer, spring, autumn and winter, from most to least. The annual average temperature in various places is between 23-25 ??degrees Celsius, lower in the central mountainous area and higher in the southwest. There is no winter throughout the year. January to February are the coldest, with an average temperature of 16-24 degrees Celsius, and most of the average extreme low temperatures are above 5 degrees Celsius. Summer lasts from mid-March to early November, with July to August being the month with the highest average temperature, at 25-29 degrees Celsius. The Xi, Nan and Zhongsha Islands have a tropical marine climate, with long summers and no winters, and an average temperature of 26.5 degrees Celsius throughout the year. Most areas of Hainan Island receive abundant rainfall, with the average annual rainfall on the island being more than 1,600 mm. The east is wet and the west is dry. The rainy center is in the mountainous areas in the east-central part of the country, with annual rainfall of about 2000 to 2400 mm. The annual rainfall in the less rainy areas in the west is about 1000 to 1200 mm. Rainfall is unevenly distributed throughout the season. Winter and spring are dry, and the dry season lasts from November to April or May of the following year, lasting 6 to 7 months.

There is a lot of rainfall in summer and autumn, and the rainy season is from May to October. The total rainfall in the rainy season is about 1500 mm, accounting for 70-90% of the annual rainfall. The rain sources include frontal rain, thermal thunderstorms and typhoon rain. Hainan Island has high humidity throughout the year, with the annual average water vapor pressure ranging from 23 hPa (Qiongzhong) to 26 hPa (Sanya). The central and eastern coastal areas are humid areas, the southwestern coastal areas are semi-arid areas, and other areas are semi-humid areas.

3. Hainan Resources

Land resources: Hainan Island is my country's largest "tropical treasure land" with a total land area of ??3.442 million hectares, accounting for approximately 42.5% of the country's tropical land area. The land available for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishing is about 0.48 hectares per person. Due to superior light, heat, water and other conditions, the biological growth and reproduction rate is better than that in temperate zones and subtropics. Farmland can be planted all year round, and many crops can be harvested 2 to 3 times a year. According to suitability, land resources in Hainan Island can be divided into seven types: agricultural land, rubber land, hot cropping land, woodland, grazing land, water land and other land. At present, Hainan Island has about 3.152 million hectares of developed land and about 260,000 hectares of undeveloped land, of which about 90% can be used for large-scale agricultural development and utilization. Most of the wasteland to be developed is concentrated and contiguous and is suitable for reclamation and mechanical farming. Hainan has abundant land reserve resources and great development potential.

Crop resources: Food crops are the crops with the largest area, widest distribution, and highest output value in Hainan’s planting industry. They mainly include rice, upland rice, Shanlanpo rice, and wheat, followed by sweet potato, cassava, taro, Corn, sorghum, millet, beans, etc. The main cash crops include sugar cane, hemp, peanuts, sesame, tea, etc.; there are many kinds of fruits, including 29 families and 53 genera of cultivated and wild fruits. The cultivated fruits mainly include pineapple, lychee, longan, banana, plantain, and tangerine. Oranges, mangoes, watermelons, star fruit, jackfruit, etc.; there are more than 120 varieties of vegetables. Hainan Island is rich in tropical crop resources. More than 3,000 tropical plants originally grew on the island. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, more than 1,000 species were introduced from abroad, and more than 1,000 useful plants were discovered from foreign wild resources for cultivation trials

Experiments have achieved remarkable results. At present, tropical crops with large cultivation areas and high economic value mainly include: rubber, coconut, oil palm, betel nut, pepper, sisal, lemongrass, cashew nuts, cocoa, etc.

Plant resources: Hainan’s vegetation grows quickly and there are many plants. It is the native place of tropical rain forests and tropical monsoon forests. So far, there are more than 4,000 species of vascular plants in Hainan Island, accounting for about 1/7 of the country's total, of which more than 600 species are unique to Hainan. Among more than 4,000 plant resources, there are more than 2,500 medicinal plants; more than 2,000 trees and shrubs, of which more than 800 have high economic value, and more than 20 are listed as national key protected specialties and rare trees; fruit trees (including wild fruit trees) 142 species; more than 70 species of aromatic plants; more than 200 species of tropical ornamental flowers and landscaping trees. The largest amount of plant resources is found in tropical forest plant community types. Tropical forest vegetation has obvious vertical zoning and has the characteristics of mixed, multi-layered, different-aged, evergreen, high stem, and wide crown. Tropical forests are mainly distributed in Wuzhishan, Jianfengling, Bawangling, Diaoluo Mountain, Limu Mountain and other forest areas. Wuzhishan is an undeveloped virgin forest. Tropical forests are famous throughout the country for producing precious tropical timber. Among more than 1,400 coniferous and broad-leaved tree species, there are 800 species of trees, 458 of which are listed as national commercial timber. Among the special species are rosewood, polei, and zijing. There are 5 kinds of wood, including lychee, lychee, and mother-of-pearl, 34 kinds of first-class wood, 48 kinds of second-class wood, and 119 kinds of third-class wood. There are 85 kinds of high-grade wood suitable for shipbuilding and making luxury furniture, and 45 kinds of rare tree species.

Animal resources: There are more than 500 species of terrestrial vertebrates in Hainan, including 37 species of amphibians (11 species are only found in Hainan, 8 species are listed as national specialties); 104 species of reptiles; and 344 species of birds. species; 82 species of mammals (21 species are endemic to Hainan). The rare and precious animals in the world include: the black-crested gibbon and Eld's deer, one of the four major apes in the world. Sambar deer, macaques, clouded leopards, etc. are also very rare.

Southern medicine resources: Hainan is rich in animal and plant medicinal resources and is known as the "natural medicine library". Among the more than 4,000 kinds of plants, about 2,000 can be used as medicine, accounting for 40% of the country's total. There are 500 species recorded in the pharmacopoeia. There are 137 screened anti-cancer plants and more than 30 southern medicines. The most famous ones are the four major southern medicines. ; Areca nut, Puzzle extract, Amomum villosum, Morinda citrifolia. Animal medicinal and marine medicinal resources include nearly 50 kinds of velvet antler, monkey paste, bezoar, pangolin, hawksbill turtle, sea dragon, sea horse, sea snake, amber, pearl, sea cucumber, coral, ha shell, oyster, cassia, shark fin, sea turtle board, etc.

4. The best of Hainan

The largest rubber production base and the earliest test-tube rubber seedlings

Our island is the rubber production base with the largest area and largest output in China. The land area for rubber planting has reached 4 million acres, and the annual output accounts for two-thirds of the country's natural rubber output. The earliest test-tube rubber seedlings were also successfully tested on our island. In June 1983, the Baoting Tropical Crop Research Institute transplanted the rubber test-tube seedlings they cultivated into the field and survived and bloomed and bore fruit. This became the earliest record of in-vitro culture research on rubber anthers in the world. .

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The oldest sea turtle·The largest artificially cultured pearl

The oldest existing sea turtle in my country is more than 300 years old. Weighing 240 pounds, it lives in Xisha and was escorted to Beijing by navy soldiers in 1983. It is still laying eggs in the exhibition window of the China Revolutionary Military Museum. The plum blossom ginseng found along the coast of the Paracel Islands is the largest among the more than 1,000 species of sea cucumbers in the world. It is 60-70 cm long, about 10 cm wide, and about 8 cm high. The largest body length can reach 90-120 cm. Our current largest cultured pearl is a white butterfly oyster pearl cultured in Lingshui County in 1981, with a diameter of 15.5 × 19 cm

The largest sea and the southernmost territory

Our province is located in the rolling blue South China Sea, which is the largest marginal sea in my country. Among the islands in the South China Sea, the Nansha Islands are the most extensive and have the most islands and reefs. The Zengmu Shoal at the southern end of it is my country’s southernmost territory.

The lowest latitude and the highest annual average temperature

Hainan is the province with the lowest latitude in China and the province with the highest annual average temperature. The average annual temperature of the Paracel Islands is above 26.5℃. The average temperature in January is above 17.3℃, while in the same month, the temperature in Hailar area of ??Heilongjiang is minus 27.6℃.

The highest wind speed and the most thunderstorms

Hainan Island is known as the "Typhoon Corridor". In 1973, Typhoon No. 14 passed through Qionghai County in the east of the island, with wind speeds as high as 81 meters per second, while the wind speed of Category 12 typhoons was only 37 meters per second. Danzhou City, located in the northwest of the island, is the place with the most thunderstorms in my country, with an average of 130.7 days of thunder throughout the year. It is known as the "Hometown of Thunderstorms" in China.

The largest coconut grove and the earliest cocoa plant

Among the hometowns of famous specialties in the country, Hainan enjoys the reputation of "the hometown of coconuts", and the largest coconut grove in the province is in Wenchang City builds Huashan Mountain. China's first cocoa plant was planted at the Xinglong Overseas Chinese Farm in Wanning City in 1954.

The longest, most poisonous, and most oil-containing plant

The white vine that grows in the tropical dense forests of Baodao can be 300 to 500 meters long. Its stems are flexible and are The ideal raw material for rattan furniture, it is also the longest plant in the world. It is known as the most poisonous tree in the world. It seals the throat when it sees blood. If humans and animals mistakenly eat its milk and sweat, it will cause heart paralysis and death from poisoning. Hunters can use its milk to paint their arrowheads to hunt animals. The "world's oil king" from Africa - oil rice dumplings have "settled" in Baodao. Its annual oil production per mu is about seven to eight times that of peanuts and 10 times that of soybeans.

5. Hainan Rare

Bread tree

It is cultivated by the Baoting Tropical Crops Research Institute of Hainan Province. Its fruit weighs more than 40 kilograms, is sliced ??and roasted, and tastes bitter, so it is called "bread tree".

There is also a precious "baobab tree" located in Haikou Park. It is one of the trees with the largest diameter at breast height in the world.

The tree is about 20 meters tall and has incredibly thick stems. The circumference of the stem is 50 meters, and it requires more than 20 people to hug it. With a lifespan of up to 5,000 years, it is the longevity star in the plant kingdom. Traveler Tree

It grows in the Wuzhishan area of ??Hainan Province. This tree is very peculiar. There is a "container" at the base of the petiole, which can store several kilograms of crystal clear sweet water. Travelers and tourists can tear open the leaf stalks and drink it with their backs. It is like "Jianlibao", which is clean and hygienic, cool and delicious, making people feel tired and refreshed, and boosting their spirits.

Rain Tree

It is located in the herbarium of the South China Tropical Crops Research Institute. The leaves are dense and emerald, spreading out in the shape of an umbrella. The crown of the tree is very gorgeous, with two kinds of red and yellow flowers in bloom, which look enthusiastic. The yellow ones are elegant. As long as the breeze blows, the petals will fly away with the wind, like butterflies. Flying in groups, the scenery is charming and graceful.

The rain tree’s hometown is on the edge of the desert in South America. At night, its broad leaves will slowly close up to accumulate dew and rainwater on rainy days. The next day, when the sun shines, the leaves will open and the dewdrops will accumulate. The water is swaying down, and it is beautiful to see. It is a barometer of "rain", which is very interesting. Tourists who travel in the desert or climb mountains often wait under the trees for this gift of "nectar" to quench their thirst whenever their mouths are dry.

Undersea Jewelry Red Coral

The South China Sea of ??the motherland nurtures countless lives, and also cultivates various red corals, which are hidden by the crystalline tropical seawater, as if covered with ethereal gauze. . But I saw it shining brightly and blooming, surpassing the morning glow in May and the spring blossoms in March. The thick red agate-like branches are delicate and pliable, shiny and moist, seemingly transparent but not transparent, with tree-like textures on the surface and cross-section. Even more interesting is that the polyps of red corals are white.

Whenever night falls, the white coral polyps stretch out their soft tentacles against the stagnant tide, like an oar that supports a boat. Suddenly, it contracted tightly like an electric shock. Ah, it hunted a small creature and couldn't wait to put it into its mouth. Although it didn't have a digestive system, it had a unique way of digestion. The food was digested by the vessels in its outer skin. , and it itself secretes a powdery substance, which is calcareous substance. It is it that makes the skeleton of red corals enlarge. Increased body height.

Baihualing Waterfall

Baiyao Waterfall is an even more beautiful sight. On the top of the green mountain, in the green forest, a silver chain fell from the sky. Its sound was noisy, its color was snow-white, its momentum was majestic, it was like a pearl and a painting, it was spectacular. The waterfall has a drop of 300 meters and has three levels of falling rocks, forming a variety of beautiful landscapes. The first level "golden dragon spitting beads" is the source of the waterfall. The water spurts out from the top of the mountain, sparkling with golden light under the sunlight. The second level is the elixir pool. The water here is pure and refreshing. It is pure natural mineral water. It contains minerals needed by the human body. Regular drinking can cure diseases. In the third-level "White Skin Pool", the spring water is scattered along the edge, and the water spray is flying, like "fairy flowers".

Fengliu Mountain Waterfall

Fengshan Waterfall is located 8 kilometers east of Shilu Town, Changjiang Li Autonomous County. It originates from the nearby Baomei Mountains, flows through the east slope of Fengliu Mountain, and converges Enter the Shilu River. The waterfall cascades down from the 700-meter-high rock stream on the east side of the main peak of Fengliu Mountain, forming a surging three-level waterfall. The waterfall is vast and majestic, with a drop of more than 600 meters.

There is a giant Tianchi at Fengliu Mountain Waterfall. The water is deep and fast, boiling endlessly, forming a swirling vortex. The water pattern changes in color, sometimes like blooming honeysuckle, sometimes like a fluttering jade belt. The cliffs around Tianchi are rectified like knives and axes, and the adjacent canyons and streams are full of exotic flowers and trees. They are colorful and look particularly beautiful and charming.

Sanya is the central city and transportation and communication hub in southern Hainan Province; it is the southernmost important foreign trade port on the golden coastline of my country's southeastern coast; it is the southern gate of the motherland; and it is an international tropical seaside under construction. Scenic tourism new city.

Sanya City is located at the southernmost tip of Hainan Island, between 18°09′34″-18°37′27″ north latitude and 108°56′30″-109°48′28″ east longitude. . It borders Lingshui County to the east, Baoting County to the north, Ledong County to the west, and the South China Sea to the south.

The city covers an area of ??1919.58 square kilometers, of which the planned urban area is 37 square kilometers. It is 91.6 kilometers long from east to west and 51 kilometers wide from north to south. The whole territory is surrounded by mountains to the north and the sea to the south. The terrain gradually slopes from north to south, forming a long and narrow polygon. The coastline within the territory is 209.1 kilometers long and there are 19 large and small harbors. The main ports include Sanya Port, Yulin Port, Nanshan Port, Tielugang, Liudao Port, etc. The main bays include Sanya Bay, Haitang Bay, Yalong Bay, Yazhou Bay, Dadong Bay, Moon Bay, etc. There are 40 large and small islands and 10 main islands. The larger ones are Ximaozhou Island with an area of ??2.12 square kilometers and Wiqizhou Island with an area of ??1.05 square kilometers.

Sanya has unique location advantages in international economic relations. From Sanya to the east via the Philippines to the Western Pacific, south via Australia to the South Pacific, and southwest via the Indochina Peninsula to the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, it is about 900 kilometers closer than starting from Guangzhou. It is the true southern gate of the motherland. Sanya is also the rear base for protecting the South China Sea Islands, and its strategic location is of great significance in national defense.

Sanya, known as Yazhou in ancient times, has a long history. In March 1992, archaeologists discovered the 10,000-year-old Sanya Man ruins in Luobi Cave, which advanced the human history of Hainan by two to three thousand years. It is the earliest known human settlement site in Hainan Island and the oldest known Paleolithic culture site in my country so far. The southernmost site; ancient Persian tombs are also found along the coast. As early as the time of Qin Shihuang, there were three southern counties established, and Yazhou was one of them, Xiang County. In the Han Dynasty, Zhuya County was established in Yacheng Town, Sanya City. In the Sui Dynasty, Linzhen County was established. In the Tang Dynasty, it was changed to Zhenzhou. The Song Dynasty became the southernmost prefecture-level state and county in my country. Because it is far away from the imperial capital and isolated overseas, Sanya has been called "the ends of the world" since ancient times. Prime Minister Han Yuan and the famous monk Jianzhen of the Tang Dynasty, famous Prime Minister Zhao Ding and Minister Hu Quan of the Song Dynasty, and textile expert Huang Daopo visited Yazhou successively and made important contributions to the economic and cultural exchanges and development of the region.

In 1912 AD, Yazhou was changed to Yaxian. In April 1950, Yaxian County was liberated and the County People's Government was established. In mid-October 1954, Yaxian County Party Committee, County Government and directly affiliated agencies were transferred from Yaxian County to Yaxian County. The city moved to Sanya. In 1958, it merged with Baoting, Lingshui and Wanning Xinglong Niuluo area to form Ya County (big county). In 1959 and 1961, it was separated successively and Baoting and Lingshui counties were established. Ya County retains its current jurisdiction. On May 19, 1984, with the approval of the State Council, Ya County was revoked and established as Sanya City (county level). On September 26, 1987, the State Council approved the upgrade of Sanya City to a prefecture-level city. On December 30 of the same year, Sanya prefecture-level city was officially established and officially opened for business. The administrative structure of Sanya City is the municipal government, offices, township governments and village committees. The city has jurisdiction over two administrative areas, one office (Hedong and Hexi administrative areas, and Nanhai office), and 10 towns (Tengqiao, Linwang, Hongsha, Tiandu, Yanglan, Lizhigou, Tianya, Yacheng, Bao Hong Kong, Meishan), 3 townships (Fengfeng, Yucai, Yaliang). In addition, it also has jurisdiction over five state-owned farms, Nantian, Nanxin, Nandao, Lizai and Nanbin.

Sanya City is a place where more than 20 ethnic groups, including Han, Li, Miao and Hui, live together. At the end of 1998, the city's total population (permanent population) was 463,700 (urban population 137,000); among them, 178,000 were Li, 2,907 Miao, and 6,024 Hui. The languages ??spoken include Mandarin, Hainanese, Junhua, Maihua, Li dialect, Huihui dialect, Danzhou dialect, Danjia dialect, etc. ?

The urban environment of Sanya is extremely unique. The three natural beauties of mountains, seas and rivers are concentrated in one place, forming the unique natural landscape of Sanya City. The urban area is surrounded by mountains on three sides, with Baopo Ridge in the north, Assembly Ridge, Hubao Ridge and Gaoling (Gouling) with an altitude of 393 meters in the east, and Nanbian Ridge in the south, forming an encircling situation. The mountains are rolling and layered; at the same time, , the extension of the mountains divides the urban area into a number of spaces surrounded by green hills, providing different areas of the city with unique spatial landscape environments. Looking back from the sea, the mountains are like a green barrier reflecting the charm of Sanya City. Many hills also provide vantage points overlooking the sea, river bends and cityscapes. Sanya faces the South China Sea and has many bays, each with its own beautiful scenery. Dadonghai, Xiaodonghai and Sanya Bay in urban areas have the closest relationship with citizens' lives.

The east and west islands on the sea seem to be a gate facing the South China Sea, adding a sense of layering to the wide sea surface. The sea fog drifts over, and the two islands are hidden between them, adding a bit of mystery. Walking on the beach, as a symbol of Sanya City, The deer looking back is looming. Sanya has two rivers, the east and the west, passing through the urban area. The two rivers cross and merge into the Nanbian Sea in the south and the end of the central island in the north. The natural coastline is twists and turns, the upstream water network is criss-crossed, and the green shadows of naturally growing mangroves on both sides are whirling. From time to time, there are water birds flying and fish leaping over the golden scales. The scenery is beautiful and full of vitality.

The urban area of ??Sanya is located in such a beautiful natural environment characterized by mountains, seas, and rivers. The construction of the city pays attention to the coordinated relationship between the city, the natural landscape environment, and the ecological environment. "Mountains The clever combination of "sea, river and city" constitutes the unique environmental characteristics of Sanya urban area.