The slogan of the May 4th Movement: Abolish Article 21. What does article 2 1 mean? Which twenty-one articles?

The content required by Article 2 1 is divided into five parts. 1* * Article 4 requires Japan to inherit all German rights and interests in Shandong Province, which shall not be ceded or leased to other countries, and allows Japan to build a railway from Yantai (or Longkou) to Ji Jiao Road. However, Japan's aim is to expand its economy to Shandong Province, which also means taking Shandong Province, which is strategically important, as Japan's sphere of influence to prepare for the partition of China. Article 2 * * * 7 requires recognition of Japan's special rights in Nanman and eastern Inner Mongolia, and the Japanese have the privilege of living and trading in mines. The leases of Lushun and Dalian and Nanman and Anfeng railways were extended to 99 years. However, the Japanese aim is to turn northeast China and Inner Mongolia into its colonies. No.3 * * * 2, it is required to change Hanyeping Company into a Sino-Japanese joint venture company. The Chinese side shall not handle it by itself, and personnel outside the company shall not mine nearby. In fact, China, the largest iron ore and ironmaking enterprise at that time, was to be manipulated and controlled by the Japanese. Circular 4 requires that all coastal ports and islands in China shall not be leased or transferred to other countries. In other words, it can only be monopolized by Japan, otherwise, Japan will interfere. Article 5 * * * 7 requires the China government to employ Japanese as political, military and financial advisers. Sino-Japanese joint police and arsenal. The construction rights of Wuchang-Nanchang, Nanchang-Hangzhou and Nanchang-Chaozhou railways were ceded to Japan. Japan gives priority to mining, building seaports, shipyards and building roads in Fujian Province. The Japanese have the right to preach in China, and so on. Japanese imperialism's aggressive expansion ambition and scope of aggression have become obvious. In a word, "Article 21" aims to put China's politics, military affairs, finance and territory under the complete control of Japan and turn the whole China into a Japanese colony. This is not only a serious violation of China's sovereignty, but also a threat to the rights and interests of American and British imperialism in China. Yuan Shikai did not dare to accept it immediately and began secret diplomacy. In exchange for Japan's support for the restoration of monarchy, he held secret talks with Party General Secretary Lu Zhengxiang, Vice Minister Cao Rulin and Representative Kaya Hioki in Japan. During the negotiations, the Japanese invaders increased their troops in the three northeastern provinces, Shandong, Tianjin and other places in the name of changing their defenses, and threatened to use force. On May 7, Japan issued an ultimatum, demanding that Yuan Shikai publicly acknowledge Japan's request, in addition to stating that he would "allow future negotiations on Article 5". Japan was afraid of causing interference from imperialist powers, and finally did not dare to insist on the fifth clause. 19 15 1, Japan made unreasonable demands on the China government in an attempt to bring China's territory, politics, military affairs and finance under Japanese control. 19 15 181October 18, Japanese ambassador to China Kaya Hioki called on Yuan Shikai, submitted 2/kloc-0 copies of the required documents, and asked the Yuan government to "keep it absolutely confidential and reply as soon as possible". Article 21 * * * is divided into five major items: ① It is recognized that Japan inherits all the rights and interests of Germany in Shandong, and Shandong Province may not cede or lease other countries. (2) Admit that the Japanese have the privilege of living, traveling, managing industry and commerce and mining in Nanman and eastern Inner Mongolia. The lease period of Lushun and Dalian and the management period of Nanman and Anfeng railways were extended to 99 years. (3) Hanyeping Company was changed into a Sino-Japanese joint venture, and people outside the company were not allowed to mine nearby. ④ All coastal ports and islands in China are not leased or transferred to other countries. ⑤ The China government hired Japanese as political, military and financial advisers. Sino-Japanese joint police and arsenal. The railway construction rights from Wuchang to Nanchang, Nanchang to Hangzhou and Nanchang to Chaozhou were ceded to Japan. Japan gives priority to mining, building seaports, shipyards and building roads in Fujian Province. The requirements of Article 21 have seriously damaged China's sovereignty, and Yuan Shikai dare not accept them immediately. Once the news came out, anti-Japanese public opinion boiled. European and American powers are unanimously dissatisfied with Japan's damage to its aggressive rights and interests in China, and have criticized it one after another. Formal negotiations began on February 2, 2005, telephone 1965438. By supporting Yuan Shikai as emperor, Japan lured him to the stage and threatened him with force in an attempt to make Yuan Shikai's government fully accept it. The anti-China patriotic struggle of the Japanese people is growing. In view of the seriousness of the situation, Japan announced that the fifth project was a condition of hope, and it was advisory in nature. And put forward a new case, the content is basically the same as the original requirements of one or four, only a few changed to exchange letters. On May 7, Japan issued an ultimatum with a period of 48 hours. Yuan Shikai expected that the intervention of European and American powers would fail, but he was afraid of offending Japan. The emperor failed to do so, and submitted a defense on May 9, saying that he accepted Japan's request except the fifth item. On May 25th, the so-called Sino-Japanese Treaty and the Exchange of Notes were signed in Beijing. Article 21 was a unilateral "treaty" imposed on China by Japanese imperialism in order to annex China. The Yuan government later had to announce that this treaty was forced to agree because of the ultimatum of Japan. Since then, successive China governments have not recognized it as an effective treaty. Article 21 19 15 years 1 month 18, the Japanese government and the China government agreed to maintain the overall peace in East Asia and hoped to further consolidate the existing friendly and good-neighborly relations between the two countries. The terms are as follows: Section 1. The government of China promises to recognize all the sanctions that the Japanese government intends to negotiate with the German government in the future, such as granting all rights and interests to the government of China. Section 2. The government of China promises that all the land and islands in Shandong Province and its coastal areas, regardless of their names, will not be ceded or leased to other countries. The Japanese government allowed China to build a railway connecting Yantai or Longkou with Ji Jiao. Article 4. The government of China promised to open the major cities in Shandong Province as commercial ports as soon as possible for foreigners to live and trade. The place where it should be opened shall be agreed separately. No.2 The Japanese government and the China government have reached the following agreement because China recognizes Japan's superior position in Nanman and East Inner Mongolia: Paragraph 1: The contracting parties mutually agree to extend the lease period of Lushun and Dalian and the railway period of Nanman and Anfeng to 99 years. Section 2. Japanese nationals in Nanman and eastern Inner Mongolia can obtain the lease right or ownership of the land they need to build industrial houses or agricultural houses. Section 3. Japanese nationals can live and travel freely in Nanman and eastern Inner Mongolia, and engage in various businesses such as commerce and industry. Section 4. The Japanese government has granted the mining rights of Nanman and eastern Inner Mongolia to Japanese nationals. As for the proposed mine, it will be negotiated separately. Article 5. The Japanese government has promised to obtain the consent of the Japanese government before proceeding: 1. When other countries are allowed to build railways in Nanman and East Inner Mongolia, or borrow money from other countries to build railways. 2. When the taxes of Nanman and East Inner Mongolia are offset and borrowed from other countries. Article 6 The Japanese government promises that if it hires political, financial and military advisers to teach in Nanman and East Inner Mongolia, it must consult with the Japanese government first. Article 7 The Japanese government agrees to entrust the Japanese government to manage and operate the Jichang Railway for a period of 99 years from the date of signing this contract. 3. The Japanese government and the China government, in view of the existing close relationship between Japanese capitalists and Hanyeping Company, and are willing to enhance the interests of both countries, have reached an agreement on the following terms: Paragraph 1: The contracting parties mutually agree to regard Hanyeping Company as a joint venture between the two countries when there are considerable opportunities in the future; And promised that the China government would not dispose of all the industries belonging to the company without the consent of the Japanese government, nor would it let the company dispose of them at will. Paragraph 2: With the permission of China Municipal Government, all mines near Hanyeping Company's mines shall not be mined by anyone other than Hanyeping Company without the company's consent; In addition, any behavior that may directly or indirectly affect the company must be approved by the company first. Fourthly, in order to effectively protect the territory of China, the Japanese government and the China government have made the following provisions: The China government allows all ports and islands along the China to be ceded or leased to other countries. Article 5, paragraph 1 In the central government of China, powerful Japanese shall be employed as political, financial and military advisers. Article 2 Japanese hospitals, monasteries and schools established in Chinese mainland are granted land ownership. Paragraph 3: Police cases often occur in China and China, resulting in many accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to set up police in necessary places as a Japanese-Chinese joint venture, or employ most Japanese in the police departments in these places, so as to plan and improve the Japanese police organs. Paragraph 4: China buys a certain amount of ordnance from Japan (for example, more than half of the ordnance required by the Japanese government), or establishes a Sino-Japanese joint ordnance factory in China, hires Japanese technicians and buys Japanese materials. Paragraph 5: China agrees to grant the right to build railways from Wuchang to Jiujiang and Nanchang and railways from Nanchang, Hangzhou, Nanchang and Chaozhou to Japan. Article 6 When Fujian Province needs foreign capital to prepare railway mines and rectify Haikou (including shipyards), it should first reach an agreement with Japan. Section 7. China recognizes the Japanese people's right to teach in China.