Design of water supply and drainage system for super high-rise building?

The appearance of super-high-rise building engineering has brought certain challenges to the construction technology of water supply and drainage system. Combined with specific engineering example, the technical points of water supply and drainage system of super high-rise building are analyzed to ensure the safe use of water supply and drainage pipeline. In view of this, this paper briefly discusses the design of water supply and drainage system of super-high-rise comprehensive building based on the author's years of working experience in architectural design.

introduce

Super-high-rise building is one of the concentrated manifestations of urban modernization in China, and it is also the concrete embodiment of the progress of construction technology in the construction industry. Usually, super high-rise buildings are composed of underground garages, civil air defense projects, commercial areas, office areas, residential areas, hotels and other functions. The height of the building is over 65,438+000 m, with more than 40 floors. The height of super high-rise building is out of code, and the water supply and drainage system is vertically different from ordinary high-rise buildings. Designers are required to be familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of each system and adopt relatively scientific design schemes for different buildings.

1 domestic water supply system

1. 1 municipal direct water supply system

Technical Code for Urban Water Supply and Drainage (GB50788- 10 12) stipulates that the urban water supply system should meet the water pressure requirements of users, and the building water supply system should make full use of the municipal water supply pressure. Therefore, the municipal water supply floor should be determined according to the minimum water supply pressure reported by the local municipal tap water for 24 hours provided by the construction unit, and the building function of the podium can be considered when necessary to facilitate the simplification of the system. For example, in a super-high-rise project, the podium 1~3 floors are commercial areas, the tower 4~ 16 floors are hotels, and the above 17 floors are office areas. After deducting the water meter, backflow preventer and head loss along the way, the municipal water supply pressure can be supplied to the fourth floor. It can also prevent the pressure of municipal water supply from decreasing due to the increase of water consumption after urban development in the future, and the municipal water supply can reach the third floor.

1.2 secondary water supply

There are generally two ways of secondary water supply, frequency conversion pressurized water supply and gravity water supply. Because the super high-rise building is vertically higher than the ordinary high-rise building, its secondary water supply system should consider various factors, including the performance of building water supply equipment and the pressure of water supply pipeline, as well as the rationality of the system, the safety and reliability of water supply and energy saving. Therefore, the secondary water supply system of super high-rise buildings often adopts the combination of frequency conversion pressurization and gravity water supply of high-level domestic water tanks.

For example, the floors below 100m adopt frequency conversion water supply system, and the floors above 100m adopt underground machine room power frequency pump+tower refuge floor or equipment floor high water tank for water supply. The high-level water tank at the next level serves as the transfer water tank of the upper-level system and the water supply water tank of the lower-level system. The advantage of dividing the system in this way is to make full use of the floors of the variable frequency water supply system and ensure that the pressure of this part of the system is not too high. In the power frequency pump and high-level water tank water supply system, only the main pipe adopts high-pressure pipe, and other pipes adopt ordinary pressure pipe, which not only saves the project cost, but also ensures the safety and reliability of the system. In order to prevent secondary pollution, a sterilizer can be installed in the water storage tank.

1.3 noise control

Generally speaking, the operation of the water pump will produce a lot of noise. In order to control the noise in super high-rise buildings, two methods are generally adopted. First, reduce the starting frequency of the water pump, which requires the volume design of the transmission water tank. Usually, the volume design with the highest upper limit is adopted, which can effectively control the running noise of the pump. Secondly, the traditional power frequency pump transmission pump is transformed into a pipeline pump, which can be directly placed in the transmission water tank to control the running noise of the transmission water tank. However, this kind of transfer pump will cause some pollution to the transfer water tank. Therefore, disinfection equipment should be considered in the design to ensure water quality, and the transfer water tank should be cleaned regularly during use.

1.4 outdoor water supply system

The design of outdoor greening water supply system is also very important in super high-rise buildings. Under the background of ecological construction proposed by the state, the outdoor greening water supply system of super high-rise buildings usually adopts green rainwater recovery system. In the process of rainfall, the water quality of surface rainwater has been greatly polluted, which does not meet the standard of rainwater resource utilization. Therefore, roof rainwater will be recycled. Of course, the rainwater on the roof cannot guarantee that the water quality 100% is clean and excellent. Therefore, biological treatment and grit removal treatment will be used to treat its water quality, and finally meet the requirements of outdoor greening water supply.

2 fire water supply system

The design of fire water supply system for super high-rise buildings is also very important. Due to the particularity of super high-rise buildings, once a serious fire breaks out, it is very difficult to put out the fire, so it is very important to establish a fire water supply system scientifically. Usually, when building a fire water supply system for super high-rise buildings, two or more water supply pipes will be connected through municipal water supply construction to form a systematic water supply ring network inside the construction site to ensure its outdoor fire water consumption. There are generally three ways to establish indoor fire water supply system for super high-rise complex buildings, which are divided into parallel, series and gravity water supply.

2. 1 parallel fire water supply system

Setting a group of fire pumps in a super high-rise building is called parallel fire water supply system. This kind of fire water supply system needs to set up pressure reducing valve groups in the high and low areas of super high-rise buildings to realize fire water supply in different areas. Combined with the requirements of the Technical Specification for Fire Water Supply and Fire Hydrant System (GB 50974-2014) for system partition pressure, when the working pressure of the system is not more than 2.4MPa and can meet the water supply height of fire engines, parallel fire water supply system can be adopted. The equipment of the parallel fire water supply system is concentrated on the ground floor, which saves the area of the refuge floor and reduces the influence of noise, but the pump head and the bearing capacity of the pipeline are higher.

2.2 series fire water supply system

Tandem fire water supply system refers to setting independent fire pumps in different zones of super high-rise buildings, and supplying water to the pipe network of super high-rise buildings by controlling the upper and lower pumps. When the working pressure of the system is not greater than 2.4MPa, the series fire water supply system should be adopted. This kind of fire water supply system is complex and has many processes, but its water supply pressure is low, which can ensure the safety of the pipe network, reduce the pressure of the generator set and reduce the equipment investment cost of the super high-rise building.

2.3 Gravity water supply system

Gravity water supply system refers to setting fire pool on the roof of super high-rise complex building, which can effectively avoid mechanical failure caused by fire and delay fire rescue time. This kind of fire water supply system has the highest safety, but the load requirements for super-high-rise complex buildings also increase accordingly. Therefore, this method is generally suitable for super high-rise buildings over 250m m.

3 sewage system

Sewage system is an inevitable drainage system for super high-rise buildings. In the process of discharging sewage from super-high-rise buildings, sewage falls to the ground from a height, which will have a great impact on the sewage drainage pipe of super-high-rise buildings. Therefore, when designing the sewage drainage system of super-high-rise buildings, we should pay attention to the quality of sewage drainage pipes, select some metal pipeline materials with good pressure-bearing performance, control the construction quality of pipeline lines, increase some equipment and devices to reduce the speed of sewage drainage pipes at the bottom of super-high-rise buildings, and alleviate the pressure caused by sewage impact on pipelines.

4 rainwater system

The safety of rainwater system design has great influence on super high-rise buildings. Once there is a large area of rainfall, the design of rainwater drainage system for super-high-rise buildings is not fully considered, which will easily lead to the accumulation and leakage of rainwater and have a great negative impact on super-high-rise buildings. Therefore, in order to attach importance to the design of rainwater drainage system, high-quality corrosion-resistant drainage pipes must be adopted. Usually, the rainwater drainage system adopts gravity design to speed up the rainwater drainage flow, but once there is heavy rainfall, the rainfall far exceeds the designed drainage capacity of the rainwater drainage system, and the pressure of the rainwater drainage pipeline will increase and break. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the local precipitation and choose high-quality corrosion-resistant metal pipes to improve the design quality of rainwater system.

5 conclusion

The demand for water supply and drainage system design of super high-rise buildings is increasing day by day. Therefore, we should actively analyze the design of domestic water supply system, fire water supply system, sewage system and rainwater system of super high-rise buildings, summarize the targeted design points, and improve the design quality of water supply and drainage system of super high-rise buildings.

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