Why did the Burmese army fight the Kokang army? How many troops does the Kokang Army have? How many people are there in Kokang Military Division? Dare the army be poor? And courageous Junna.

Kokang (Kokang Autonomous Region, Shan State, Myanmar), with Laojie as its capital, is located on the Shan Plateau between Myanmar and China. The Kokang area was originally the territory of China, which was under the jurisdiction of Yunnan Province, China. 1894, China and Britain redrawn the border and signed the China-Myanmar Border Treaty in London, which stipulated that Kokang area was China territory. During the period of 1897, China and Britain reconsidered the border issue in Beijing, and Britain forced China to sign the Supplementary Provisions on the Renewal of the Yunnan-Myanmar Border Treaty, which incorporated Kokang area into British Myanmar. 20 1 1, Kokang area was officially renamed as Kokang Autonomous Region in northern Shan State, Myanmar. 20 15 Myanmar military announced that it had taken control of the entire Kokang area.

Chinese name

Brave and determined

zone

2700 square kilometers

Foreign name

courageous and resolute

Another name

Keganshan and Maliba

Administrative category

autonomous region

Country/region

Shan state, Myanmar

region within the jurisdiction

1 county, area 2

Government residence

Laojieshi

Telephone area code

+95、+86

geographical position

China-Myanmar border

Climate type

tropical weather

dialect

Southwest Mandarin-Kokang and Burmese

Human population

250 thousand people

The development of history

Place name source

Courage is also called Maliba. There are two opinions about the origin of the name "Kokang": "Kokang" is a new name quoted by British colonial rulers around the Second World War, and its English name is "Kokang", which is transliteration from Kegan Mountain; The word "bold" comes from the sound change of Shan language, and "fruit" is the ninth in Shan language, and "bold" is the hukou, indicating that this area is composed of nine families. [ 1]

Architectural evolution

It belongs to the period of China.

From14th century to17th century, it was the territory of Zhenkang (state) and Mengding (state) in China in Ming Dynasty. [2]

17th century to19th century, it was the territory of "Six Households" in Kangtu, Yongchangfu Town, China in Qing Dynasty. [2]

Yang Tusi period

In the 15th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1658), Zhu Youlang, Emperor of Nanming, joined forces with Li Dingguo, Zhang Department of Daxiliang Army, to "raise the flag against Qing Dynasty". After the defeat, he fled Tengchong and retreated to Myanmar.

In the first year of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (166 1), Wu Sangui attacked the Xu Dong Dynasty, forcing Myanmar to hand over Zhu Youlang, the emperor of Li Yong in Nanming. The following year, Li Yong was hanged by Wu Sangui in Kunming. Most of Zhu Youlang's followers, except a few Qing people, fled to Kegan Mountain (Kokang area) near the China-Myanmar border under the leadership of Zhu Youlang's subordinate Yang, and then took refuge in the China-Myanmar border area for a long time. Later, the Qing Dynasty set up a "Mubang Xuanwei Department" near Lashio, northern Myanmar, and ordered it to defend its land, boldly entering the era of Yang Tusi's regime for about 300 years.

In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), Yang Youcai, a descendant of Yang, exercised power in the Kokang area in the name of "being appointed as a doctor". [ 1]

In the twenty-third year of Qianlong (1758), Yang Youcai died and his eldest son, Yang Jiwei, succeeded him. At this time, his jurisdiction has exceeded three times that of Xingda Lake. [1] Sixty years after Qianlong (1795), Yang Weixing's eldest son Yang Yougen succeeded to the throne, and his second son Yang Youpan took power. [ 1]

In the 20th year of Daoguang (1840), during Yang Guohua's occupation, the governor of Yunnan read his meritorious service in defending the frontier, "made Yang Guohua a hereditary and courageous county magistrate" and issued a seal, thus gaining the legal sovereignty of the Han Tusi.

In the 13th year of Tongzhi (1874), his son Chunrong Yang ascended the throne. At this time, he boldly ruled the territory, east to Jianshanzhai, south to Tumble, west to Changqing Mountain in Mongolia, and north to Mutai and Hongyan.

In the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), Britain annexed the Pound Dynasty of Myanmar and made it a province of India. After the toast of Mubang in northern Myanmar was trapped by Sang Donghong, the close toast of Yang went to England and became the toast under the rule of Britain and Myanmar. [3] In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), China and Britain redrawn the border in London and signed the China-Myanmar Border Treaty, which clearly defined the Kokang area as China territory. [5] In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), China and Britain reconsidered the border issue in Beijing, and Britain forced the Qing government to sign the Supplementary Provisions of the Sino-British Treaty on the Continuation of Myanmar. [5][6] The Han nationality living in Kokang was renamed as Kokang, and Chinese was renamed as Chinese. [3]

1935 the sino-British meeting discussed matters related to the demarcation of the southern section, established the sino-British boundary demarcation Committee, and began the meeting survey.

1942, after the Japanese occupied Myanmar, they called a meeting of the chieftain and chief of Shan State, demanding obedience to the Japanese command and promising various interests such as "national independence". Yang Wenbing, a brave toaster, went to Kunming to meet the British Consul General in Kunming and China government officials, demanding that the country return to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Frustrated by both China and Britain, Yang Wenbing was appointed as the Colonel Commander of the Kokang Self-Defense Force by the National Government, commanding Song Xilian's 1 1 army, and leading his 1000 men to cooperate with the 39th Division stationed in. At the same time, Yang Wenbing sent people to the Dali branch of the Chinese Expeditionary Force for training. [2][7]

1July, 943, Yang Wenbing went to Chongqing to meet Chiang Kai-shek, who awarded him a medal. After Yang Wenbing returned to Kokang, the 9th Division of the Chinese Expeditionary Force stationed near Laojie dispatched troops to surround the Tusi yamen and arrested him. Afterwards, Zhang Jinting, the division commander of the 9th Division, accused Yang Wenbing of colluding with the Japanese army and sent him to a military court.

1947, Yang Wenbing was proved innocent and regained his courage. Britain awarded the British Empire an OBE. In February of the same year, Aung San, the "father of the country" of Myanmar, signed the Pang Long Agreement with representatives of all ethnic groups in Shan State, and reached an agreement on the establishment of the Union of Myanmar. As a representative of the courageous people, Yang Wenbing participated in and signed the Pang Long Agreement.

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Brave and determined

Asian inland autonomous region

***5 meanings

Kokang (Kokang Autonomous Region, Shan State, Myanmar), with Laojie as its capital, is located on the Shan Plateau between Myanmar and China. The Kokang area was originally a territory of China, which was under the jurisdiction of Yunnan Province, China. 1894, China and Britain redrawn the border and signed the China-Myanmar Border Treaty in London, which stipulated that Kokang area was China territory. During the period of 1897, China and Britain reconsidered the border issue in Beijing, and Britain forced China to sign the Supplementary Provisions on the Renewal of the Yunnan-Myanmar Border Treaty, which incorporated the Kokang area into British Myanmar. 20 1 1, Kokang area was officially renamed as Kokang Autonomous Region in northern Shan State, Myanmar. 20 15 Myanmar military announced that it had taken control of the entire Kokang area.

Chinese name

Brave and determined

zone

2700 square kilometers

Foreign name

courageous and resolute

Another name

Keganshan and Maliba

Administrative category

autonomous region

more

The development of history

Place name source

Courage is also called Maliba. There are two opinions about the origin of the name "Kokang": "Kokang" is a new name quoted by British colonial rulers around the Second World War, and its English name is "Kokang", which is transliteration from Kegan Mountain; The word "bold" comes from the sound change of Shan language, and "fruit" is the ninth in Shan language, and "bold" is the hukou, indicating that this area is composed of nine families. [ 1]

Architectural evolution

It belongs to the period of China.

From14th century to17th century, it was the territory of Zhenkang (state) and Mengding (state) in China in Ming Dynasty. [2]

17th century to19th century, it was the territory of "Six Households" in Kangtu, Yongchangfu Town, China in Qing Dynasty. [2]

Yang Tusi period

In the 15th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1658), Zhu Youlang, Emperor of Nanming, joined forces with Li Dingguo, Zhang Department of Daxiliang Army, to "raise the flag against Qing Dynasty". After the defeat, he fled Tengchong and retreated to Myanmar.

In the first year of Emperor Kangxi in Qing Dynasty (166 1), Wu Sangui attacked the Xu Dong Dynasty, forcing Myanmar to hand over Zhu Youlang, the emperor of Li Yong in Nanming. The following year, Li Yong was hanged by Wu Sangui in Kunming. Most of Zhu Youlang's followers, except a few Qing people, fled to Kegan Mountain (Kokang area) near the China-Myanmar border under the leadership of Zhu Youlang's subordinate Yang, and then took refuge in the China-Myanmar border area for a long time. Later, the Qing Dynasty set up a "Mubang Xuanwei Department" near Lashio, northern Myanmar, and ordered it to defend its land, boldly entering the era of Yang Tusi's regime for about 300 years. [3]

In the eighth year of Yongzheng (1730), Yang Youcai, a descendant of Yang, exercised power in the Kokang area in the name of "being appointed as a doctor". [ 1]

In the twenty-third year of Qianlong (1758), Yang Youcai died and his eldest son, Yang Jiwei, succeeded him. At this time, his jurisdiction has exceeded three times that of Xingda Lake. [1] Sixty years after Qianlong (1795), Yang Weixing's eldest son Yang Yougen succeeded to the throne, and his second son Yang Youpan took power. [ 1]

In the 20th year of Daoguang (1840), during Yang Guohua's occupation, the governor of Yunnan read his meritorious service in defending the frontier, "made Yang Guohua a hereditary and courageous county magistrate" and issued a seal, thus gaining the legal sovereignty of the Han Tusi. [ 1][4][5]

Merge atlas merge atlas merge atlas.

Combined atlas

In the 13th year of Tongzhi (1874), his son Chunrong Yang ascended the throne. At this time, he boldly ruled the territory, east to Jianshanzhai, south to Tumble, west to Changqing Mountain in Mongolia, and north to Mutai and Hongyan.

In the 12th year of Guangxu (1886), Britain annexed the Pound Dynasty of Myanmar and made it a province of India. After the toast of Mubang in northern Myanmar was trapped by Sang Donghong, the close toast of Yang went to England and became the toast under the rule of Britain and Myanmar. [3] In the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), China and Britain redrawn the border in London and signed the China-Myanmar Border Treaty, which clearly defined the Kokang area as China territory. [5] In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), China and Britain reconsidered the border issue in Beijing, and Britain forced the Qing government to sign the Supplementary Provisions of the Sino-British Treaty on the Continuation of Myanmar. [5][6] The Han nationality living in Kokang was renamed as Kokang, and Chinese was renamed as Chinese. [3]

1935 the sino-British meeting discussed matters related to the demarcation of the southern section, established the sino-British boundary demarcation Committee, and began the meeting survey.

1942, after the Japanese occupied Myanmar, they called a meeting of the chieftain and chief of Shan State, demanding obedience to the Japanese command and promising various interests such as "national independence". Yang Wenbing, a brave toaster, went to Kunming to meet the British Consul General in Kunming and China government officials, demanding that the country return to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Frustrated by both China and Britain, Yang Wenbing was appointed as the Colonel Commander of the Kokang Self-Defense Force by the National Government, commanding Song Xilian's 1 1 army, and leading his 1000 men to cooperate with the 39th Division stationed in. At the same time, Yang Wenbing sent people to the Dali branch of the Chinese Expeditionary Force for training. [2][7]

1July, 943, Yang Wenbing went to Chongqing to meet Chiang Kai-shek, who awarded him a medal. After Yang Wenbing returned to Kokang, the 9th Division of the Chinese Expeditionary Force stationed near Laojie dispatched troops to surround the Tusi yamen and arrested him. Afterwards, Zhang Jinting, the division commander of the 9th Division, accused Yang Wenbing of colluding with the Japanese army and sent him to a military court.

1947, Yang Wenbing was proved innocent and regained his courage. Britain awarded the British Empire an OBE. In February of the same year, Aung San, the "father of the country" of Myanmar, signed the Pang Long Agreement with representatives of all ethnic groups in Shan State, and reached an agreement on establishing the Union of Myanmar. As a representative of the courageous people, Yang Wenbing participated in and signed the Pang Long Agreement.

Yang

1948 65438+1October 4th, Myanmar became independent, and Yang, the son of the last Kokang chief, Yang Wenbing, was elected as the first member of the upper house of Myanmar and Minister of Finance of Shan State. [1] Yang Zhensheng, Yang's brother, was appointed as the lower councillor of Kokang area, and they proposed a motion in the first parliament of the Union of Myanmar: "Kokang is the territory of the Union of Myanmar, and the people of Kokang should enjoy the legitimate civil rights and interests of the Union of Myanmar." It was adopted by the Parliament of the Union of Myanmar and incorporated into the Constitution of the Union of Myanmar. [3] The official constitution of Myanmar has the writing of "courageous people".

1959, the Myanmar government adopted monetary compensation, demanding that Shan chiefs give up hereditary power, implement local autonomy, and send government troops in. Yang, the brave toast, surrendered his power and moved to Lahu to show his sincerity. After the establishment of the autonomous government, local power is still in the hands of several big families headed by the Yang family, and the sphere of influence is constantly expanding in the name of autonomy.

1960 demarcation between China and Myanmar, in the spirit of "respecting history and taking care of reality", China agreed to stay in Myanmar. In March, a military coup took place in Myanmar. After Wu Naiwen's military government came to power, it changed the moderate policy of the civilian government, reorganized the Northeast Military Region, and began to restore Shan's autonomy, focusing on the courageous people. [3]

1963 August 17, Myanmar Military Investigation Department and Northeast Military Region acted at the same time. Yang was arrested in Lashio, and Miss Yang Jinxiu was arrested in Yangon, and almost at the same time in Mengdong. The 77th Division of the Burmese Army assembled on a large scale and began to advance rapidly to the Kokang area.

1965, Myanmar abolished the toast system. On March 29th, Yang Zhensheng, the younger brother of Kokang Tusi Yang, led more than 600 people to leave Kokang for Thailand. The Myanmar government instructed the 6th and 39th Infantry Battalions to take over Kokang. After the government forces took over Kokang, there were many contradictions with the local people, and Luo Xinghan's "Self-Defense Forces" supported by the Myanmar government successively ruled the Kokang area. [5]

Peng Jiasheng, a subordinate of Kokang Yang Tusi, established the Kokang People's Revolutionary Army, which won the support of the Kokang people and openly confronted the Burmese government forces. Later, he was defeated by the joint encirclement and suppression with the Burmese army, retreated to China and Yunnan, and broke away from Yang's toast.

During my stay in Shan State First Special Zone

In March 1989, 1 1, Peng Jiasheng, then deputy commander of the Northeast Military Region of Myanmar, staged a mutiny in Yanglongzhai, Kokang, and announced his departure from Myanmar. More than 4,000 people from the 1st Brigade, 2nd Brigade, Mongolian Brigade, Guibi Brigade and the former Kokang County Brigade of Myanmar joined Peng Jiasheng. Peng Jiasheng became the Allied Commander. On March 3 1 day, the Kokang Allied Forces reconciled with the government and became the first minority armed force to sign a peace agreement with the government since 1988. Its jurisdiction has been designated as the first special zone of Shan State by the central government, and Peng Jiasheng is the chairman of the special zone government. The central government of Myanmar dares to keep its own armed forces and only sends a small number of administrative and educational personnel to the local area. [5]

1992165438+10, the first war of the Kokang Allied Forces. Brother Yang defeated his brother, and Yang became the commander-in-chief of the courageous allied forces and the chairman of the SAR government, and led more than 600 down archers to his son-in-law Lin Mingxian. [8] During the reign of Yang, the drug problem in Kokang became more prominent, and Yang immediately increased drug smuggling to China, which once caused great harm to Yunnan, China. [9]

1August 1995 to 10/October, the second "infighting" broke out in the Kokang Allied Forces (Kokang "8? 1 "Incident), Li Nimen, deputy division commander of the Kokang Allied Forces stationed in Mongolia 128 Division, launched a mutiny and transferred troops to Yang. Yang mobilized the heroic124th division to suppress it. The forces around Kokang Old Street and Qingshui River are empty.

More than 500 men under Peng Jiafu's command occupied Qingshui River on1October 23rd 165438, which finally led to the end of Yang's yongzhi. On October 22nd, 65438+/kloc-0, Peng Jiasheng regained its courage with the support of the United Wa Army, the Lulian Army and the Kachin Independence Army ("1 1? 12 "event). 12 On February 20th, the "Kokang Interim Government" composed of representatives of Myanmar government, Peng Jiasheng and Kokang was established, and Peng Jiasheng was re-elected as Chairman of the First Special Administrative Region of Shan State and Chairman of the National Front for Peace and Democracy. Peng Jiafu was appointed as the brave Allied Commander. [8] While fighting bravely, 1 October 22nd 165438+ The first battle of the North Myanmar Military Region refers to six fast battalions and1artillery battalions. Two battalions occupied the Mongolian town, and the rest crossed salween and stationed at the commanding heights of Laojie and Qingshui River.

In 2009, the Burmese military government demanded that "civilian land and weapons" be reorganized and supervised by the government, but it was rejected by the courageous side. On July 29th, Major General Ondantu, commander of the Northeast Military Region of Myanmar, tried again to persuade the Kokang Allied Forces, but was rejected.

On August 8, 2009, Myanmar government forces exchanged fire with Kokang Allied Forces on the grounds of investigating drug and gun factories (Kokang incident, also known as Kokang "8? 8 "event).

At the same time, the courageous allied forces went to war for the third time. Deputy Commander Bai Suocheng and Kokang County Governor Ming Xuechang announced their support for the central government of Myanmar. Myanmar government forces used force to expel Peng Jiasheng from Kokang, and the Kokang allied regime with substantial autonomy collapsed. Myanmar officially announced that the courageous war * * * caused 15 policemen and10 soldiers to die, and 13 policemen and 34 soldiers were injured. [3] In 65438+February, the original Kokang Allied Forces led by Bai Suocheng were reorganized into border guards, 1 battalion, numbered1006,296 posts, with 30 Burmese officers and men. [3]

Kokang autonomous region

20 1 1 On March 25th, the Kokang area was officially renamed as "Kokang Autonomous Region in northern Shan State, Myanmar", and the central government of Myanmar officially took charge of Kokang area. [5]

2065438+February 9, 2005, Myanmar government forces and local armed forces such as the Kokang Allied Forces broke out in Kokang area. On March 26th, the Myanmar military announced that it had taken control of the entire Kokang area, and the 33rd Division of Myanmar Defence Force was stationed in Kokang area.

2065438+On March 6, 2007, members of the local ethnic armed group Kokang Allied Forces began to attack military camps and police stations around 2 am, causing damage to houses, hotels and vehicles. During the attack on the Burmese army barracks between border pillar 125 and border pillar 127, there was an exchange of fire between the two sides, resulting in about 30 deaths, including 5 policemen and 5 civilians.