What is the meaning of "independence" in Tao Jin Yuanming's love chrysanthemum?

Independence: only, only; Only. "Tao Jin Tao Yuanming only loves chrysanthemums" means that Tao Yuanming only loves chrysanthemums.

Source: Zhou Dunyi's "Love Lotus" in Song Dynasty

Original text:

The flowers of land and water plants are very fragrant. Tao Jinyuan clearly loves chrysanthemums. Since Li Tang came, people all over the world have loved peonies. Love lotus alone, dirt-free, clear but not demon. Straight outside, not crawling, fragrant and clear. It is slim and elegant, so you can look at it from a distance without looking ridiculous. (I love a work very much: making love)

Want to call chrysanthemum, the hermit of flowers; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers. Hey! The love between chrysanthemums and flowers is rarely heard after Tao. Who gave the lotus love? Peony love is suitable for many people.

Translation:

There are many kinds of amphibious herbs and woody flowers, which are worth loving. Tao Yuanming of Jin Dynasty only loved chrysanthemums. Since Li in Tang Dynasty, people all over the world have loved peony very much. But I only like the lotus growing in the soil, which is not polluted, but it doesn't look enchanting after being washed with clear water. Its stem is hollow inside and straight outside, without vines and branches. When it is planted far away, it smells more fragrant and stands straight and clean in the water. People can only watch from a distance, but can't appreciate it close.

I think chrysanthemum is a hermit in flowers; Peony is a rich person in flowers; Lotus is a noble flower. Alas! Tao Yuanming seldom heard about the love of chrysanthemum after that. Who else likes lotus as much as I do? Of course, there are many people who love peony!

Precautions:

Very: very, very.

Say: the style of an argumentative essay can directly explain things or explain the truth, or it can borrow records of people, things or things to explain the truth.

One: Yes.

Cute: worthy of love.

Interviewer: Flowers.

What: very, very.

Fan: A lot.

Self: self.

Li Tang: Tang Dynasty. The emperor of the Tang Dynasty was called ""because of his surname Li.

Independence: only, only.

One: Cancel the sentence independence between subject and predicate.

Out: grow out.

Sludge: sludge.

Pollution: Pollution (dirt).

Zhuó: wash.

Lián: Microwave clean water, which means clean water here.

Demon: Beautiful but not dignified.

Pass: pass; Permeability.

Straight: Upright.

Straight outside: (its stem) is hollow inside and straight outside.

No vines (màn) no branches: no vines, no branches.

The fragrance is far away and clear: the fragrance travels far away, making people feel more elegant.

Benefits: more.

Qing: Qingfen.

Elegant and clean planting: stand upright and clean.

Tingting: Straight.

Plant: erect.

Yes: only.

Sneak: Get close and have fun.

Xiè: Close but not solemn.

Yan: The modal particles at the end of the sentence are equivalent to' ah' and' ya' in modern Chinese.

Say: think.

Hermit: A recluse. In feudal society, some people did not want to go along with the rulers, so they lived in seclusion.

Gentleman: refers to a person with high moral quality.

People or things that exist. Change it with the previous noun.

Alas: interjections are now equivalent to "alas".

Chrysanthemum love: love for chrysanthemums. One: Modal particles, yes. (One is "the mark of the pre-object")

Fresh (xi m: n): less.

Smell: I heard.

Who is the giver: Who else is like me?

Suitable for many people: there should be many people (who love peony).

Appropriate: Of course (should).

A: When?

Numerous: numerous.

Creative background:

According to Deng Xianhe's Zhou Ziquan's Book and Qing Dynasty's Chronicle, "eight years have passed. On the seventh day of the first month, Mr. Wang went to Hangxian as the capital and invited Yuhang Qian (Tuo) and Siming Shen Xiyan to visit the stone and write poems. In May, I wrote "Ailian Shuo", Shen Xiyan's book, and five seals. Money goes to stone, that is, fifteen days. " Mr. Wang is forty-seven, that is, eight years of Jiayou (1063).

"Ganzhou County Records" records Ailian Academy, saying: "Ailian Academy is in the north of the city, and its place was originally an inspection office, with the remains of Zhou Maoshu's lotus pond." There is also the entry of Ailian Pavilion: "Lianxi Academy was originally in the northeast, but it was left in the Jade Deficiency Temple ..." These records fully prove that Lianchi was built by Zhou Dunyi when he was a former state general from the sixth year of Jiayou in the Northern Song Dynasty (106 1) to the first year of Zhiping (1064).

Appreciate:

This paper is divided into two parts: the first part describes the noble image of hibiscus; The second part reveals the metaphorical meaning of the lotus, comments on three flowers and expresses the author's deep sigh for the lotus itself.

The first sentence is "the flower of land and water vegetation, very sweet." The choice of the word "cute" includes all kinds of fragrances, which shows that it is not a deliberate job search, but a clever gesture.

Then describe "Tao Jinyuan loves chrysanthemums alone". Tao Yuanming refused to bend over for those five buckets of rice. After he retired, he drank wine and wrote poems, enjoying the pastoral pleasure of "picking chrysanthemums under the hedge and seeing Nanshan leisurely". "Love Chrysanthemum Alone" shows Tao Yuanming's elegant, fragrant and proud personality, and also makes the question clearer: Tao Yuanming can love chrysanthemums to express his feelings, why can't I love lotus flowers alone?

After writing "Since Li Tang came, the world has loved peonies", he wrote about the kindness of the people in the Tang Dynasty, especially the ruling class. These words seem to be repetitive, but in fact they deepen the meaning, and this sentence makes the sense of contrast stronger, paving the way for them to seek the nobility of lotus. Zhou Dunyi's love for lotus flowers is different from Tao Jin Yuanming's love for chrysanthemums. In order to keep a noble and pure life, he would rather die in Nanshan. He wants to be a gentleman in the world. This mentality of staying innocent in a dirty world and seeking truth from the world alone is essentially different from the herd mentality that everyone envies wealth. This paves the way for Ailian's theory of "getting out of the mud without being stained".

Then the author put down the pen and said, let those people love what they love. "Give the lotus a kind of muddy but not dirty, clear but not demon ripple, straight through, not crawling, fragrant and clear, graceful and pure, looking from a distance, not ridiculous." This series of narratives effectively render the beautiful posture of the lotus, the superior virtue of purity and freedom, and especially its respectable but unobtrusive demeanor. The author of these metaphors has the noble character of "emerging from the mud without being stained, lingering and not going". In fact, what he means is that officialdom is dark, so it is as difficult for you to maintain noble character in officialdom as it is for a lotus to emerge from the mud without being stained. This is also a summary of his experience as an official, because he doesn't want to go along with it. And "clear ripple without demon" is just a good wish of the author. He was an honest official, washed unjust imprisonment several times and was the master of the people. In his later years, he settled in Lushan Mountain, wrote books about Ming Dow, led an honest and clean life, and cared about his life. This is the embodiment of his personal commitment and lofty aspirations. This is the key point that this essay can deeply infect people's ideological interest.

Next, the author compares and evaluates the different characters of the three flower symbols: (1) Chrysanthemum is also a hermit of flowers; Peony, blooming with wealth; Lotus, the gentleman of flowers. "Originally, flowers have no personality, but in the author's eyes, lotus flowers are close to chrysanthemums, but they are not lofty and aloof, and seem to be a hermit who escapes from reality; It is not as enchanting and charming as peony. Lotus is not polluted because of the dirty reality, but washed with clear water without coquettish. What a gentleman in a hundred flowers. In addition, lotus is sacred in Buddhism. Both Tathagata and Guanyin take lotus as their seats. Tang Buddhism's "Three Treasures of Respect for Buddha" says: "Therefore, all ten Buddhas are muddy; All three people woke up and sat on the lotus platform. "The author's poem titled Lotus also said:" The Buddha loves me and loves me, and the butterfly does not steal. Generally clear and unsightly. "With reference to this essay, the interests complement each other.

Finally, the author comments on Hua and then comments on "love": "Hey! The love of chrysanthemum flowers is rarely heard after Tao; Who gave the lotus love? The love of peony is suitable for all ages! " Deeply sigh: there are few true hermits, few sages and many villains who follow the trend to poke the door of wealth in today's world; In this world of mortals, how many like-minded people can go together to eradicate this social chronic disease? Let's use flowers as a metaphor first, so that we can compare the characteristics of flowers with people. Although plain-looking, it can be compared with people. Then, they can be used to describe Tao Yuanming's mentality of avoiding the world and pursuing wealth. Although there is inevitably a kind of lonely sorrow between the lines, it is meaningful and mercilessly whips those unscrupulous people. Here, Zhou Dunyi is arrogant, and his mentality of seeking purity without conformity is commendable in the secular world. He lamented that because the world is getting worse and worse, most people are defiled by the world.

By praising the lotus, the author expresses his yearning for a beautiful ideal, his worship of noble sentiments and his hatred of the mediocre world.

Classical Chinese knowledge:

polysemy

(1) Xi 'an

There is almost no taste of Taohou (adverb, small)

The fragrant grass is delicious (adjective, bright) "Peach Blossom Garden"

(2)

Flower Land and Water Vegetation (auxiliary word, Germany)

Give love to the lotus (between subject and predicate, cancel the independence of the sentence)

The love of chrysanthemum (structural auxiliary word, preposition object symbol)

Flexible use of parts of speech

1, neither a vine nor a branch ("vine" and "branch": nouns are flexibly used as verbs "to grow vines" and "to grow branches")

2. The fragrance is far and clear (far and clear: adjectives as verbs, translated as "broadcast far" and "appear quiet")

3. Zhuo Qinglian has no demon (demon: noun as verb, beautiful but not dignified)

Special sentence patterns

1, peony, blooming with wealth. ("the sentence of ... is also")

2, the love of chrysanthemum, rarely heard after Tao. (The love of chrysanthemum is the love of chrysanthemum, the love of chrysanthemum; "Zhi" is the symbol of prepositional object)

Keyword explanation

1, lovely people are rare (very: very; Fan: More)

2. Since Li Tanglai (since: since)

3. Give me mud-free (give it to me; One: it is used to eliminate the independence of subject and predicate, and it is not translated without real meaning; Independence: only; Dye: pollution)

4, clear but not demon (个: washing; Violet: clear water has microwaves, which means clear water here; Demon: Beautiful but not dignified. )

5. Direct communication and direct communication (straight: vertical)

6, no vines (vines: nouns as verbs, branches and vines; Branch: noun as verb, branch node)

7, Xiang Qing (far: adjectives as verbs, spread far; Benefits: the more the more)

8. graceful net planting (Tingting: upright; Factory: established)

9. You can watch from a distance without playing (hey: close but not solemn; Play: play. )

10, rarely heard after pottery (fresh: less; Smell: Listen, listen)

1 1, suitable for the public (suitable: should; Many, many)

About the author:

Zhou Dunyi (10 1, June 2007-1July 073, 14), formerly known as Zhou Dunshi, was born in Maoshu, posthumous title and Tianbao (now Daoxian County, Hunan Province). He was one of the five sons of the Northern Song Dynasty, the founder, writer and philosopher of Confucianism in the Song Dynasty. He is the author of Zhu Yuanzhang's Gong Ji, Ailian's Theory, Taiji Illustration and Shu Tong (later edited by Zhu Yuanzhang and Gong Ji). The basic concepts of Neo-Confucianism put forward by Zhou Dunyi, such as infinity, Tai Chi, yin and yang, five elements, movement, sincerity, no desire, hue, etc., have been repeatedly discussed and developed by later Neo-Confucianism scholars, and constitute an important content in the category system of Neo-Confucianism.