Yiyang Ancient City Daxiang Street

First, the name of Daxiang Street is "Ning 'anmen Street"

Gwangju, once known as "Little Suzhou", "little shanghai" and "Little Wuhan", has a street as big as Wangfujing in Beijing and Nanjing Road in Shanghai-Daxiang Street: "Daxiang Street-North and South Alley of Ning 'anmen, about 230 meters long, with gravel pavement". Daxiang Street also has a folk name: "Alley". From today's point of view, this is a veritable narrow alley, but it is also named "big", and this "big" stems from its commercial prosperity.

This name was not used in Daxiang Street before.

According to Gan Long's Gwangju Records, "Cheng Nan Street 1, which runs through the east and west gates. It starts from Xiaoshizi Street in the east, south to Xiaonanmen, north to Zengjiaxiang and north to Kangjimen. From Zengjiaxiang in the west to Donghou Street. It is south to the west, Ning 'anmen Street to the north and Qian Qian Street to the south. The west is Grand Cross Street, and the north is Xiandian Street. Turn north to West Back Street, south to South Gate, west to West Gate, east to Ning 'anmen, and front street to East Gate. Outside Ning 'an Gate, there are no residents in the west riverside, and Huang Zhen is the bridge in the east. From the bridge to the east, Hucheng Street 1 goes straight to Kangjimen West, which is densely populated. West gate and east gate, streets outside the south gate, vegetable garden outside the small south gate, no residents. "

According to the records in Ganlong's Records of Guangzhou, the relevant personnel who compiled Huangchuan CPPCC in 20 15, and referring to various materials and sketches of predecessors in literature and history, the landscape map of Huangchuan ancient city was drawn, and Ning 'anmen Street was named Daxiang Street.

Second, bustling commercial places.

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the main markets in Gwangju basically formed important places in all walks of life: Xiaodongguan Street in the north city was dominated by mountain products and groceries; County front street is dominated by department stores; Malaysia's parks, small hemp gardens and Yamenkou are mainly catering industries. Xiguan Street is dominated by hotels. Chengnan Daxiangzi Street is dominated by cloth department stores; Middle Street is dominated by handicrafts, carpenters and workshops. Dongguan Street is dominated by grain industry; Xiaonantou is dominated by homespun and department stores; Clothing street is dominated by cotton; Shunhe Street is dominated by small handicraft industry.

Gan Long's Records of Gwangju, Volume 29, Records of Market, records: "Guangzhou, the north city is in front of Zhouzhi Street, the south city is in Ning 'anmen Street, the east is Kangjimen Street, and the west is Xiandian Street. In a series, buyers and sellers will enter the market at sunrise and retreat at noon. "

According to the manuscript of Huangchuan Shang Zhi edited by 1987, Huangchuan is located in the center of counties in southern Henan and at the throat of Dabie Mountain. It is an important distribution center for agricultural and sideline products. After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, there were more than 3,000 private enterprises in the southern and northern cities of Gwangju Chengguan: "Businessmen in the city are very rich, and businessmen from all provinces are in an endless stream. From morning till night, people go to the wrong street and walk very close, and the cries of selling are endless all day long. Huang Zhen Bridge is like a market. There are many Qian Fan on the river, and there are hundreds of water fights, which can be described as' how full the street is, how thick the river is'. At night, under the river, lights and fires set each other off, competing with the stars all over the sky. "At that time, I stepped down from Dashun Gate in the North City and crossed the Huang Zhen Bridge, which is the Watergate in He Lin, Cheng Nan. To the north, you can carry water and wash clothes from the Yellow River, and to the south, you can enter the Chengmen Cave. It is said that until the 1950 s, the arched heavy lintels and open gates were still there. The inside and outside of the heavy city gate are covered with thick nails, which records the vicissitudes and majesty of history. Go south after entering this gate, and you will find Daxiang Street.

It is said that Daxiangzi Street is dominated by cloth department stores. The book Panorama of Huangchuan History and Culture records: "Cloth shops coexist with cloth shops of Zhenxing Institute ... There are five in Nanxing Daxiangzi Street: Baoxing, Jichang, Xinsheng, Tonghe, Yuanchang ..." And "65433". * * * There are 4 business rooms, 2 side rooms and 3 back rooms ... "It is said that Xinsheng Cloth Shop gained a net profit of more than 4,000 yuan in the first year of opening in Daxiang Street, and became one of the best shops in Huangchuan Beijing cargo industry at that time.

Sanshengzhai, the most famous brand in the traditional pen-making and ink-making industry in Gwangju, is also located in the middle section of Daxiang Street. It not only makes pens, but also operates the ink industry. It is said that Zeng Xueshun's pen and ink shop in Huang An (now Hong 'an) of Hubei Province in the late Qing Dynasty was tyrannical about all kinds of brushes. 1932, descendants of Zeng Xueshun came to Huangchuan and opened a pen and ink shop with the name Sanshengzhai, with about 10 workers. After Zeng Shengsan's death, his son Zeng Chenbin inherited his old business until the founding of New China.

At that time, in Gwangju, going to Cheng Nan and establishing a foothold in Daxiang Street was the symbol of the most successful businessman. Before liberation, the richest man in Huangchuan was not only a representative of a businessman who opened a hotel business in Beicheng and made a fortune by writing a complaint, but also entered Daxiang Street. In 1988, No.27 of Henan Literature and History Materials, there is an article about Wen Zimei's Shang family in Huangchuan, Shi Wen: "1908 (thirty-four years of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty), Wen Zimei bought a wooden building in the middle of Cheng Nan Lane Street with the support of the church and the assistance of businessmen, and established" Yizhishu Pharmacy "... Wen bought three bungalows next to a tree drugstore and started to deal in kerosene and pigments, named' Yida' ... Because kerosene came from Nanjing, Wen's business became famous in southeast Henan. In order to replenish onr's stock, they bought four courtyards and more than 60 houses behind Yida Store as warehouses ... "

The above picture is a summary of famous firms in Huangchuan during the Republic of China, as well as those in the cloth industry and department store industry. The part marked with a red line is a firm mainly based on "Daxiang Street". Similarly, other firms based in Daxiang Street include Xueya, Ye Yongxing, Yida, Huachang, Zheng Fuxin and Xie Feng of Chengguan non-staple food industry; Li Juncheng, Rainforest, Civilization Hall, Sanshengzhai and Bao Shaoyi in Chengguan stationery industry; Iron goods industry: "Zhao Kuisheng"; Catering industry: "one floor" and "Southeast America"; Hairdressing industry: "new world"; Chinese medicine: "Changshengtang", "Tongtaitang" and "Yonghe Hall"; Western medicine: Yizhi, Zhicheng, Qingming Pharmacy, Shou Kang Hospital. (Information from Huangchuan Business Daily (1987))

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, there was also a famous seal cutting shop in Daxiang Street, which survived the wind and frost of history and continued to this day. This is the famous "Li Seal Carving". 1949 When Huangchuan County was just liberated, the first official seal of Huangchuan County People's Government came from "Li Family Engraved Seal".

Third, the financial center of Gwangju.

Commercial prosperity will inevitably give birth to the primitive financial industry and create a "financial center".

There are some records in Xinyang Regional Finance Magazine published in 1989: "Tong En Changqianzhuang was established in Taienpu, Yingzhou, Anhui Province on 19 1932, with a capital of 1000 yuan ...1August 933.

In fact, in 1932, Tongheyu Bank opened in Wang Yanqing set up a semicolon in Huangchuan, also located in Daxiang Street. This is recorded in 1985 Henan Literature and History Data SeriesNo. 16, The Establishment and Development of Tongheyu Bank:

1932, Tongheyu decided to establish a semicolon in Huangchuan. Its purpose is threefold: first, to establish a financial activity network in the south of Tongheyu, to make up for the shortage of Nanyang and Zhoukou; Second, directly serve the Eleventh Route Army; The third is to compete with the provincial agricultural, industrial and commercial bank for business in southern Henan. Wang Yanqing attached great importance to Huangchuan semicolon, and repeatedly warned his colleagues that no matter how much money was spent, Huangchuan semicolon must be built as soon as possible. The establishment of Huangchuan semicolon includes staffing, organization setting, renting houses, purchasing land and buildings, and external contact business. , completely under the personal command of Wang Yanqing. Huangchuan Sub-branch first rented a house in Wu Mei pickles garden in the north of the city to open. Later, because Cheng Nan is a business district, Wang Yanqing asked to move to Cheng Nan (Daxiang Street) to facilitate business. ......

It took only three months for Huangchuan semicolon to officially open in Cheng Nan, which is the fastest semicolon in Tongheyu's development history. After the establishment of No.1, this group of young people developed their financial business rapidly with the esteem of the general manager and the support of the Eleventh Route Army. On the one hand, it accepts a large number of social deposits and expands exchanges with merchants; On the other hand, he went deep into the military camp, paid salaries to the officers and men of the Eleventh Route Army, remitted money for them, and tried his best to hand over the remitted cash directly to the families of the officers and men through local banks and remittance points, which was well received by the Eleventh Route Army. At the same time, he also assisted the Eleventh Route Army in purchasing materials and became the quartermaster of the Eleventh Route Army. In addition, in order to expand their business, they also divided people into districts, and swept away all the merchants from all walks of life in Cheng Nan, and sometimes they went to Beicheng to expand their contacts. In operation, they are hard-working, enthusiastic in service and good in attitude. In addition, remittance is lower than that of peers, and deposit interest rate is higher. Both Cheng Nan and Beicheng come here to handle financial business. The average monthly deposit of this branch is 360,000 yuan, and the average daily remittance is 80 to100,000 yuan, which is quite impressive.

The establishment of Huangchuan semicolon robbed the provincial bank of its business there. The Huangchuan office of the provincial bank lives in the north city, and most merchants in the south city are reluctant to go out of town. Coupled with the enthusiastic service and flexible management of young people in Tongheyu, the business of the provincial bank office is gradually declining, and Tongheyu Huangchuan Sub-branch has occupied the financial positions of five southern places (formerly Huangchuan, Guangshan, Gushi, Xixian and Shangcheng are five southern places or five southern counties in Henan).

Tongheyu Huangchuan Branch also has deposits from the 11th Route Army and military and political dignitaries. Wang Yanqing recalled: "During the summer solstice from 1927 to 1933, the 11th Route Army successively deposited about one million yuan in Tongheyu Kaifeng, Xinxiang, Jinnan and Huangchuan" and "Liu Zhenhua (Chairman of Anhui Province) successively deposited 550,000 yuan in Tongheyu in Nanyang and Huangchuan".

In addition to these large commercial banks and banks, Daxiang Street has attracted many local banks to settle in. The following table is not only a table of Huangchuan Chengguan banking in the Republic of China, but also a banking industry based on "Daxiang Street".

Iv. Alley Street, Daotai and Governor's House

Ling 1930 was born in Daxiang Street, Cheng Nan, Huangchuan, and 1949 graduated from Huangchuan High School in Henan. After graduating from high school, he volunteered to join the army. He has been the creator of the propaganda team of a military political department, the editor of the editorial department of Volunteer Day, the assistant of the propaganda department of a military political department, the creator and section chief of the Cultural Department of the Political Department of Chengdu Military Region, the head and deputy head of the novel and drama group of the People's Liberation Army Literature and Art Publishing House, the editor-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army Literature and Art Society, and the editor-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army literature and art./Kloc-0 returned to his hometown in May 1987 to write the essay "South City and North City";

..... We came to a T-junction, which is called the big alley, the center of Cheng Nan, and our "home" is here.

My family is the product of semi-feudal and semi-colonial old China-a dilapidated feudal landlord family. When I was a child, my great grandfather was still alive. I remember he told me that his grandfather was a platform of the Qing Dynasty. This Daotai adult was originally born in poverty. When I was a child, I didn't have charcoal fire to keep warm when I was studying in winter, so I had to bury my feet in a cotton frame. Because he was "poor at home and never stopped learning", he finally made a platform. The real estate of this big alley and the land of Nanxiang were all set by him when he was in power. However, since then, China's old saying has been accepted: one generation is an official, and ten generations make bricks. No one has made great efforts to govern, but they live with empty pockets and their homes are gradually falling into disrepair. In my father's generation, my father was a studious person. I remember when I was five or six years old, he taught me to write and use abacus until late at night. If I make any mistakes, he will give me "chestnuts" (knocking my head with the joints of my index finger and middle finger). However, in 1938, he "ran to Japan" and went to Nanxiang. During his exile, his father suddenly died of cholera. That year, he was only 28 years old and I was only eight years old. My sister is six and my brother is one. Later, my great-grandfather died, and this big family of five generations lived under one roof disintegrated. From then on, it was my widowed mother who took our brother and sister and lived on a small land rent. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, we returned to the city from Nanxiang and still lived in this big alley. ......

Now look at the house in this big alley, with a slight change. There used to be a restaurant called "the first floor" on the street, but now the "first floor" has been demolished and changed into a department store; In the past, people entered from the gate next to the "first floor", which is a floor-by-floor residence. Now, the gate is gone, and some small side doors are opened along the depth of the house. I led Honger and finally found the room where my family used to live. My mother told me that when I was two years old, I walked out of the room and went to the kitchen when adults were not looking. There is a big water tank in this kitchen, half of which is buried underground. There is a wooden ladle floating on the full water tank. I went to catch the ladle and fell into the water tank. I have been coughing since last winter.

In the middle section of Daxiang Street, directly opposite the Daxiang Street Neighborhood Committee, there is also a Hujia Courtyard with a total construction area of about 1000 square meters. The remains of the gate and screen wall still exist, and an existing two-story building with Ming and Qing styles is well preserved. According to Feng Xinlong, the former deputy director of the Propaganda Department of Huangchuan County, the Hujia Courtyard was the place where Hu, the governor of Jiangxi Province, lived in the Qing Dynasty. Hu, a native of Tangdian, Huangchuan County, Hunan Province, was removed from office in Nanchang religious case. After Hu's death, he was buried in Tan's allusions, and after several twists and turns, he became the party department of Huangchuan County of Kuomintang. 1937165438+1At the end of October, Feng Xinyu, a member of the Henan Provincial Cultural Committee, returned to Huangchuan as a war correspondent of the Republic of China Daily and a special correspondent of the Kuomintang Party Department, resumed the party organization and carried out anti-Japanese activities. In March, with the approval of the Henan Provincial Committee submitted by the Central Working Committee of Southeast Henan, Feng Xinyu was appointed as the Party Secretary of Huangchuan County of the Kuomintang, responsible for the work of our Party. At the same time, through the upper United front relations, mass organizations such as county trade unions, peasant associations, chambers of commerce and women's federations have been established. Our party used the legal status of Feng Xinyu and Du Shouzhi (especially party officials in party member and county) to secretly send party member to various mass organizations to strengthen its leadership in the War of Resistance. In April, the Huangchuan County Working Committee was established, with Feng Xinyu as the secretary, Zhao Junzhe as the organizing committee member and Tong Shudan as the propaganda committee member. Since then, Feng Xinyu has worked in the dual capacity of secretary of the Kuomintang Huangchuan County Party Department and secretary of the CPC Huangchuan County Working Committee.

Baidu:

Hu was born in Gwangju, Henan. He used to be the governor of the Qing Dynasty. His hometown is Tandian Township, Huangchuan County, and he was buried in his hometown after his death. Tongzhi thirteen years, Deng Jinshi; In the twelfth year of Guangxu, he served as the director of Huguang Department of the Ministry of Household Affairs. In the thirteenth year of Guangxu, he served as a foreign minister of Jiangxi Department of Household Affairs. The following year, he was appointed as a doctor in Guangdong Province. In the seventeenth year of Guangxu, he served as the magistrate of Tingzhou Prefecture in Fujian. In the twenty-second year of Guangxu, it was changed to Fuzhou Prefecture, Fujian Province. In the twenty-fourth year of Guangxu, he served as governor of Fujian Liangdao and director of Fujian Salt Law Road. The following year, Fujian provincial judges were appointed and Hunan provincial judges were granted. In the 26th year of Guangxu, it was changed to Shandong. In the twenty-seventh year of Guangxu, he protected the governor of Shandong. In the 30th year of Guangxu, he served as the governor of Shandong, handling the daily affairs of yamen on his behalf. In the same year, Minister Jiangning was changed to Governor of Jiangxi. Later, he was dismissed because of the Nanchang religious case.

It is said that Hu returned to Beijing after the Nanchang religious plan was rejected, passed through Wuhan, Hubei Province, found an apartment and settled down to visit Zhang Zhidong, governor of Huguang, but was rejected. Later, Li Boyuan, the author of Officialdom in the Sky, included a couplet in a couplet book. In the annotation of the couplet, it is said that Hu lived in a certain place after his resignation, and his apartment was looted and suffered heavy losses. I wonder if the place where Hu lived at that time was Wuhan. Later, where Hu went is not recorded in the history books. Hu played an important role in Nanchang's religious plan. By studying him, we can learn many truths about Nanchang's religious plan. But now I can't find more information about him.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) architectural heritage of Ming and Qing Dynasties

Yiyang Ancient Town is known as "Nine Curves and Eighteen Alleys" because of its quaint architecture and criss-crossing streets and lanes. From the alleyways paved with stone slabs to the walls of "three mountains and one well", from the houses with blue bricks and gray tiles to the shops with wooden columns and beams, from the attic with carved windows to the enclosed wing, a unique architectural landscape of the ancient city in the south of the Yangtze River in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is outlined. From the architectural remains of Daxiang Street, which are still well preserved, we can vaguely find the architectural heritage of Ming and Qing Dynasties with a long historical memory.

The residents of Daxiang Street are mostly attic-style hall buildings, which not only reflects the architectural style of local traditional houses, but also reflects the bustling business and daily life of the residents in the block. Most of the main street buildings in Yiyang ancient town are similar to the two-story wooden buildings with turrets in the south of the Yangtze River. Houses are mostly vertical binary or ternary courtyards, which are distributed along both sides of the street and face the street. The houses in Daxiang Street block are basically in the pattern of "front shop and rear residence, lower berth and upper residence". The plot is adjacent to the Yellow River in the north, and the original blue-gray brick residential buildings along the bank form a unique river lane space and traditional commercial residential area. There are still many well-preserved houses facing the street, and their facades are still used to deal in various handicrafts or daily necessities.

Bajiaolou

Architecture is a solid history, and Cheng Nan is a precious cultural heritage left by predecessors. At the intersection of Daxiang Street and Middle Street, there is an octagonal old residential Yongxing grocery store. Like a weather-beaten old man, it grows with the passage of time, continues the historical context and inheritance, and witnesses the development and prosperity of the city. It is one of the most representative historical sites in Cheng Nan.

Yongxing grocery store has been built for more than 200 years. Following the historical context, the author consulted relevant historical materials. In the Business Journal of Huangchuan County compiled by 1986, there are detailed records of 1809 to 1986 opening stores in Huangchuan County, from hotels to barbershops, but there is no specific time for Yongxing grocery store to open. Accordingly, Yongxing grocery store was founded earlier than 1809 (the 14th year of Qing Jiaqing), with a history of more than 200 years, but the specific founder has been lost. Therefore, the author visited Ye Lan (73 years old), one of the heirs of Yongxing grocery store and now a retired teacher of Huangchuan No.2 Middle School. According to Mr. Ye's memory, the grocery store was opened by ancestors and mainly sold cakes, sweets and other foods. Before liberation, it was owned by his grandfather (Ye Shilin), father (Ye Fuxin) and uncle (Ye Minxin). In the 1960s, it was returned to the collective by substituting rice for grain.

Yongxing grocery store covers an area of about 300 square meters and is about 10 meter high. It used to be three floors, but now it has two floors. There is a basement underground. The overall architectural style embodies the typical characteristics of the residents of Jiangnan water town in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The top floor is octagonal in appearance, and the indoor structure is mainly made of wood, which highlights the direct combination of beams, columns and sandalwood. There is a transparent patio between the first floor and the second floor, which is a convenient passage for transporting processed food. The whole structure is beautiful and stable, and it has gained more building space. At that time, it was the tallest building in Cheng Nan, Huangchuan before liberation, representing a century-old commercial legend of Yongxing grocery store. According to "Historical and Cultural Panorama of Huangchuan", in 1938, Yongxing Non-staple Food Store has developed into one of the well-known businesses in Huangchuan non-staple food industry, enjoying a high reputation in southeast Henan.

Yongxing grocery store, as the historical refraction point of the commercial prosperity of Chengnan in Huangchuan for thousands of years, should be kept in people's memory, actively protected and utilized, and become a wonderful flower in Huangchuan historical and cultural grand view garden.

Sixth, cut off the source.

From September 2065438 to September 2004, my wife and I traveled to Fujian, and occasionally went to a place called "Heping Ancient Town" in Shaowu, next to Wuyishan. At that time, the ancient town was being renovated, but it could be seen that they were trying their best to make it as old as before. Walking on the empty old street of the ancient town, I suddenly felt as if I had returned to Cheng Nan when I first came to Huangchuan more than 30 years ago.

After returning home, I quickly and carefully checked the origin of this ancient town of Heping, and found that it has a deep relationship with Huangchuan-Shaowu, Fujian is a battleground for the Central Plains to enter Fujian. Because of the dangerous terrain, it is easy to defend but difficult to attack, hence the name "Iron City". At that time, it was the only place where Chen Yuanguang entered Fujian to calm the chaos. At the same time, Heping Ancient Town is also one of the places where Huang's relatives in the world seek their roots and worship their ancestors. The descendants of Huangqiao, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry and Trade in the later Tang Dynasty, are all over the coastal provinces, Taiwan Province Province, Hongkong, Macau and Southeast Asian countries, and the distant ancestor of Huangqiao is a native of Gwangju, Henan.

We are located in the south bank of Huaihe River, and our food customs are quite different from those in the north of Huaihe River. Our building is also very different from the Huizhou architecture nearby. It is no accident that we are so similar to the cross-regional Heping ancient town in Fujian!