Appreciation of Tang Zhiyun's fourth episode

Appreciation of Tang Zhiyun's fourth episode "The Frontier Poet"

The frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty are lofty in artistic conception and solemn and stirring in style, just like a magnificent horn, which blew one exciting history after another.

In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the frontier poets had a broad vision, a stirring mind, and were full of majestic romantic temperament and indomitable heroism. They sang the strongest voice of the times and fully embodied the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. They are unique wonders in ancient poetry, and also the peak that later poets can't reach.

Among these frontier poets, Wang Changling is the best writer of seven-character quatrains. The four wonders began to mature in the early Tang Dynasty, but their expressive ability has not been fully explored. There are not many excellent works, and Wang Changling is famous for his successful creative practice. Li Bai is the poet with the highest achievement in writing quatrains. Some even said that he surpassed Li Bai. He is very famous. There is "the poet Wang Jiangning." The reputation of. So his name is Wang Jiangning, either because he is from Jiangning or because he worked as an official in Jiangning. His group poem "Join the Army" is almost all excellent, revealing the psychological activities of frontline soldiers from all angles. For example, the fourth song: Qinghai Changyun dark snow mountain, lonely city overlooking Yumenguan. Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned.

The phrase "Qinghai has a long cloud and dark snow-capped mountains" makes the atmosphere of war very full and hearty: "A hundred battles in yellow sand and golden armor" not only reveals the hardships of the environment, but also shows the heroic spirit of the soldiers who went into battle lightly and made Qiang Bing rich.

There is always a sense of parting in the new voice of pipa dance. I can't hear the dazzling edge, and the high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall.

The bonfire is in the west of the city 100 feet, and you sit alone in the sea breeze and autumn at dusk. Guan Shanyue, who plays Qiangdi, is not worried about the golden boy Wan Li.

This sadness that Wan Li misses his distant wife is so helpless, because every time he misses her, it may be the last time, because once he goes to war, he may never return to this "hundred-foot building in the west of the bonfire". This is the real lovesickness with bloodshot eyes! Although Loulan is full of heroism, the poet also saw the pain brought by the war to ordinary soldiers, and did not blindly immerse himself in the fantasy of making achievements and sealing Hou.

His "Beyond the Great Wall" is a famous work from ancient times to the present, and it is known as the masterpiece of quatrains in the Tang Dynasty.

During the Qin Dynasty, the moon was in the Han Pass, and the Long March did not return. Longcheng flew in, and Huma did not teach Yinshan.

To say that "the bright moon of Qin dynasty was destroyed in Han dynasty" is actually just a bright moon shining on the border. However, pushing the sad mood of the bright moon shining on the border to the Qin and Han Dynasties, this sentence changed from writing the real scene in front of us to a virtual scene full of historical depth, which made the connotation of this poem extremely profound. In other words, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, generations of people have been carrying out such a long March, and many people have died here and never returned. I sigh, in the future, there will be no dragon like Li Guang blocking Huma, so don't cross the Yinshan Mountain. Regret that you are useless, can't serve your country, and can't make meritorious deeds. I also deeply sympathize with the suffering of border guards and soldiers who can't go home after a long battle. Poets don't know and can't know how to avoid the recurrence of this historical tragedy. He can only fantasize that Li Guang, a flying general, used war to stop the war, but at the same time, he deeply realized that "the old battles fought by those long walls were once proud of everyone's tongues, but now the ancient times are a piece of yellow dust, confusing its ruins and bones in the grass" (Xia Sai Qu) is also "confusing its ruins and bones in the grass", which is also a tragedy. This poem is particularly catchy to read, and every sound is properly matched with the front and back sounds. We can know from the harmony of the tone once we read it.

There are both husbands on the border and disgruntled women on the mainland. His "Forever in My Heart" is about his wife's yearning for her husband who joined the army: young boudoir women don't know how to worry. In the spring, she put on her makeup and went to a brothel. Suddenly she saw a strange willow color and regretted teaching her husband to find a topic.

His farewell poem "The Farewell of Furong Inn and Xin Jian" is also an ingenious masterpiece: seeing the guests off in the cold rain at night, looking straight at Chu Mountain. Friends, if my friends in Luoyang invite me; Just say I'm still Bing Xin Okho, and stick to my faith!

Wang Zhihuan, a good friend of Wang Changling, claimed to be a hero when he was young. He loved fencing and hunting and sang sad songs. He is one of the most important poets in frontier fortress. Unfortunately, his poems have been lost, and only six quatrains have been handed down. According to records, once he and Wang Changling, Gao Shi and others went to the hotel to sing wine, and a group of artists just came, so it was agreed that when these artists sang, whoever sang the most poems would see who had the biggest topic. As a result, a musician sang two quatrains of Wang Changling and one quatrain of Gao Shi. Wang Zhihuan said: The musicians sing all the music that country people listen to. Wait and see! Sure enough, a beautiful geisha stood up and sang: The Yellow River is far above the white clouds, the lonely city, the Wan Ren Mountain. Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!

Geisha sang two more songs, both of which were poems by Wang Zhihuan. From this literary story, we can see how famous his poems were at that time. This poem "Liangzhou Ci" is a famous piece in Tang poetry. The Yellow River is rolling out from the white clouds, and an isolated city in Wan Ren is surrounded by high mountains, presenting a desolate and magnificent frontier scenery. The third sentence, "Why should the Qiangdi complain about the willow", can mean that the Qiangdi played the song "Broken Willow" to express homesickness, or it can mean that the Qiangdi wailed the swallows, as if resenting the willow beyond the Great Wall for refusing to relax and turn green to cover the cold. The whole poem not only shows the hardships of recruiting people, but also has a heroic momentum.

The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain. Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!

The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea. By going up one flight of stairs, look further.

Even a three-year-old child can recite this song "Dengque Building". The poet boarded the Pianque Building in Yongji County, Shanxi Province, and looked at the bleak sunset in the west and the Yellow River rolling eastward. His vision extended to the east and west, and his vision was infinitely open. The last two sentences go from reality to emptiness, and further broaden our horizons again. Four words and twenty crosses, the words are not strange, the sentences are not strange, the scenery is not strange, and the feelings are not strange, but they show such a majestic momentum. This is a miracle! "The mountain covers the day, and the sea drains the golden river. But as long as you go up a flight of stairs, you can broaden your horizons by 300 miles. "

Another contemporary poet, William Wang, also wrote a widely circulated poem "Liangzhou Ci": luminous glass of grapes and wine, and advised him to drink pipa immediately. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times?

Grapes and wine are poured into the luminous glass, and the military band is playing the pipa immediately. How can a soldier who is about to leave for the front not drink! The lyric hero's heart is somewhat helpless, but he can't suppress that heroism and his mood is still optimistic. This kind of poem can only be written by people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and only people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty can feel the pain of dying with such a smile. "Grape wine luminous cup, want to drink pipa immediately rush. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times! "

Li Qi, another important frontier poet, is also good at writing seven-character ancient poems. He doesn't care about fame and fortune, but he really wants to be a fairy, take cinnabar and hope that the sky will soar. Wang Wei said in the poem "To Li Qi": "It is very good to be lured to cinnabar by Wen Jun. I don't know when I will have wings. " Li Qi's most famous poem is an ancient war song: Going up the mountain in bright daytime, we scan the sky for the torch of war, and at yellow dusk, we feed our horses in the border river. Pedestrians are used to fighting, and the wind and sand are dark. We hear the guitar of the Chinese princess telling her endless sorrow. Wild cloud Wan Li has no walls, until the sky falls into the vast desert snow. Wild geese wailed and flew around every night, and Tatar's children burst into tears, but they heard that Yumenguan was still besieged. Soon, they put all their eggs in one basket and went to the desert every year, only to see the Han family!

What is commendable is that Li Qi not only sympathized with the Han soldiers in Wen Yu Guan, but also saw the sufferings brought to the ethnic minorities by the Tatar's Tears and the war. "How many tears do Tatar's children have to shed" is set off by "mournful cries and wild geese flying from night to night", and the images of "Hu Yan's sorrow" and "Hu Er's tears" are superimposed together, which is a biting aesthetic stimulus! Li Ding's ideological realm is beyond the reach of other frontier poets with distinct anti-war tendencies. Just for this sentence, Chinese sons and daughters should also build a huge bronze statue in their hearts to commemorate him.

The most representative poets in Frontier fortress are Gao Shi and Cen Can, and later generations are collectively called Gao Cen.

Gao Shi's personality is somewhat similar to Li Bai's, and he is very arrogant. In "Wei does not join the army", he said that he "solved twenty swords, went west to Chang' an, looked up at the monarch's door, and only took one official." The prosperous Tang Dynasty was a crazy time, so Li Bai was not the only one. He is not as talented as Li Baida, but he has practical political talent. Throughout the Tang Dynasty, among the great poets, the political ability was the best, and the greatest achievement of officials was Gao Shi.

"The northeast border of China was shrouded in smoke and dust. In order to repel the barbaric invaders, our generals left their families. Stride forward together, looking like heroes should watch, and received the emperor's most cordial favor. Robbed the gold, cut the drum to Guan Yu, and the flag swayed among the stones. A captain's feathers fly into the sea, and sweat shines in the fire of the wolf mountain. The highlands and rivers on the outer border were cold and desolate, but soon the barbarians' horses ran wild in the wind and rain. Half of us were killed at the front, but the other half are still alive, and the beautiful girls are still singing and dancing for them at the camp. In autumn, the desert is full of grass, the sun sets, and there are only a few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall. When you meet your enemy, you will despise him. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still not safe. Still in the front line, the real clothes are thin, and it's time for Bai Weiling to look after his departure. Still in this southern city, the young wife's heart is broken, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking forward to going home in vain. In a place of death and blue void, there is nothing ahead. What is the boundary of the court? Three times a day, the dark clouds of slaughter rose over the camp. All night, the drums on the hour trembled and gave a cold rumble. When blood is spilled on Jian Qing in white, and when death is the first duty, who can care about fame and the hardships of the desert battle? Today, we still commemorate this great general with the name of Li! "

The poem "Song of Yan Xing" is an old poem that everyone was applying in the Three Kingdoms period. Although Gao Shi still wrote "The young woman is still heartbroken in this southern city, and the soldiers in northern Xinjiang return home", it broke through the limitations of this traditional theme, from the mentality of soldiers when they went to war, the urgency and cruelty of war, to the uneven sadness and joy in the army, and the yearning for peace. This poem is like a March accompanied by percussion instruments, with strong and steady rhythm and great momentum, which makes people feel refreshed.

Gao Shi is good at writing seven-character ancient poems, which are magnificent, turbulent and infectious. His seven poems are by no means many, but some of them can be seen from childhood, with rich connotations and lofty realm.

Huang Yun, thousands of miles away, is full of smog, and the north wind blows goose feathers and heavy snow one after another. Mochow has a vast road ahead, and everyone knows you!

At first, the poet tried to exaggerate the bleak environment when we broke up: the yellow clouds were thousands of miles away, the sky was dark, the north wind blew snow, and the geese returned to the south. Breaking up with friends in this climate naturally makes me feel heavier. But the third sentence and the fourth sentence suddenly shook and painted a bright color on this dark sky to make the atmosphere relaxed. This just shows the broad-minded tolerance of the people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. "Mochow has a vast road ahead, and no one in the world knows the monarch" is more heroic and confident than Wang Bo's "Know yourself and know yourself".

Cen Can is the most typical frontier poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In 1950s, he went to frontier fortress twice and stayed in Xinjiang for six years. We should grasp the characteristics of his frontier poems from two aspects. First, he is a curious person, as Du Fu said, "All Cen Can brothers are curious" (trip to Meiling). In his early years, he liked to discover poetry from an unexpected angle. With the experience of frontier life, his curious nature has also opened up a new world.

Secondly, there is a kind of heroism in Cen Can's poems, which is unmatched by other frontier poets. He praised others for "taking only a moment's work, what a hero husband". This is how he himself galloped on the northwest battlefield as a young hero in military uniform. He was only in his early thirties when he went to the fortress, which was the age of high spirits. Wang Changling, Gao Shi and other poets of the older generation have begun to realize the cruelty and injustice of the war with the gradual shrinkage of the flourishing age of Kaiyuan and the increasing corruption of state affairs, but Cen Can is still shouting and galloping in the war to show his heroism. This state of mind and ideological realm makes his poems very different from Gao Shi. Gao Shi observed more deeply and saw more hardships of soldiers, so the color of the poem was lighter. Cen Can highlighted the exotic scenery of snow, volcano and hot sea in the northwest with beautiful style, praised the war to defend the frontier, praised the soldiers' indomitable ambition to make contributions to the country, and had touching and extraordinary feelings.

Look, how fast the Benma River runs to Xue Hai! , large tracts of yellow sand into the sky. On the night of the ninth month, there was a cold wind blowing in the wheel tower and the valley, and the valley was full of broken boulders like pecking rice, which went down and forward with the wind. Despite the dust, the Tatar horse fat, the west of the Jinshan Mountain, and the gathering of smoke and dust, Oh, general of China's army, start your campaign! . Let your armor wear all night, at midnight, and the sharp wind tip cuts your face like a knife. Snow steaming horse riding, Wu Hualian Qian Xuan Zuo Bing, your challenge comes from the camp, from the ink bottle ice. It has cooled the heart of the barbarian leader, and you will no longer need a real battle! We are waiting for the news of victory in Xiguan! .

The poem "Oh, general of China's army, start your campaign!" March in the bad climate "This September night is blowing cold on the wheel tower, and the valley is full of broken boulders like pecking measures, things that fall down, fall upside down and follow the wind". Light from the rendering of this atmosphere can make people feel that this is an invincible iron army, so the poet confidently concludes that "the heart of the barbarian chief has been frozen" should be "we are waiting for the news of victory here in Xiguan!" . This indomitable fighting spirit is hard to find in the poems of other frontier poets.

Seeing Wu off to Beijing Pass is another important work of the poet. This poem is novel from the beginning. According to the laws of nature, this climate should make people feel "gloomy and Wan Li condensed". However, as a curious young man in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it suddenly occurred to Cen Can that the pressure on the branches was not snow, but pear flowers in full bloom. "Like the spring wind, it blew the petals of ten thousand pear trees at night." These two poems, which are often quoted so far, were put here for a while, which made the dark sky suddenly clear and the air suddenly warm, thus laying the heroic and optimistic tone of the whole poem. "But we drink to the guests who come home from the camp and play the pipa, guitar and harp of barbarians for him" shows an exotic atmosphere. The poet is sharp-eyed, and he pays special attention to the high red flag above Yuanmen, which is lined with snow, and the color contrast is so strong. The red flag should fly in the wind, but it will still be hung only when the wind stops. This special situation makes the poet imagine again: it seems that it is not the wind that forces the flag to unfold motionless, but the flag is frozen and the strong wind cannot blow. Looking at this scene with curious eyes and describing the scenery with strange styles make the very ordinary farewell scenes so beautiful and bold, and people will never get tired of reading them: the north wind is rolling, and eight In the snow streaks across the sky of Tatar, just like the strong wind in spring, which blows away the petals of ten thousand pear trees at night. Snowflakes fell into the curtains and wet them. The fur was not warm and the gold cup was too thin. The bow became stiff and could hardly be pulled out, and all the iron clothes were cold. Sand sea ice is unfathomable, sad and turbulent, bleak and Wan Li congeals. In the manager's account, this wine is a farewell party, and the Huqin Pipa flute ensemble adds luster to this entertainment. In the evening, in front of the headquarters gate, heavy snow fell, the red flag froze, and the wind could not drag. We watched him go out of the tower gate, head east, into the snowdrift of Tianding Road, and at the corner of the pass, he disappeared, leaving only footprints.

We should also mention Cui Hao, who is also famous for writing ancient poems. Some people even say that he and Wang Wei were the most famous poets in the first half of the eighth century during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. This at least shows that he was a famous figure at that time. "Mountain county east yan, wild goose gate near DE gruyter. You see, a conference semifinals untied the rope on the falcon's foot, let it fly out to hunt birds, and rode the local Ma Chi to hunt in the vast autumn. The wildfire on the mountain is cold and burning, and the butte is wet in the rain. I heard that there was no war in western Liaoning, and I always slept in a restaurant drunk. " The poem "The Song of the Hu People in Yanmen" vividly describes the brave spirit of the frontier ethnic minorities. However, his name is associated with the immortal poem "Yellow Crane Tower", so it is best to read this poem directly: a long time ago, a yellow crane carried a saint to heaven, but now nothing is left except the Yellow Crane Tower; The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years. Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass. But I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker. The river is shrouded in mist, which brings people deep melancholy.