Bai Yuzhai's Yi 'an Ci

1. Who commented on Yi An's word "The river of one hundred generations, the waves beat the pack; The word garden has a history of thousands of years, and a daughter's flower is in full bloom. "

Li Houzhu and Li Yian are very popular. The former is too white, so it is called Li San. (Shen Qupity)

In the Qing dynasty, women were taken as photos, and the words were reversed. Although there are not many articles, they must be treasured, and they are a large number of poets. ("Siku Summary")

Yi Lee's ci is unique and impressive. They originated from Huaihai and Sheng Da, and the casting language is more creative, which amazed women. ("Bai Yu Zhai Hua Ci")

Chen Tingzhuo's word Conghua said:

Yi Lee's words of peace and grace are the best in the world, and he will preach with Baishi Laoxian. If a woman can speak, there will be someone to speak for her, so there will be no room for Yi 'an.

Yi 'an's ci has a high plan, which is not only the female crown, but also on a par with Zhuwu (Gao) and Meixi (Shi Dazu).

If a woman can speak, there will be someone to speak for her, so there will be no room for Yi 'an.

Chen Tingzhuo's white jade thorn;

There are beautiful and quality words, such as Wen Feiqing, Qin Shaoyou and Zhou Meicheng ... Yes, they are the best languages. Wei Duanji, Feng, these people who are too literary are also excellent in using words. , Niu, Yan, ... Li Yian, ... Zhuan Zhu, ... Yes, the second time in the word is also true. Some people have language but no quality, and ... also use the word "bad multiplication". Those who have the quality of death and have no words … can't be called words. By analogy, the lyricist can see it himself.

2. Look at Wang Guantang's "Words on Earth". Why didn't you add a word to Yi 'an's words? Li Qingzhao is known as the "graceful school in Ci". She not only wrote first-class ci, but also wrote a monograph on ci. At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, Wang Guowei commented on the words of various poets in his monograph "Thorns on Earth", but turned a blind eye to Li Qingzhao.

In fact, this problem is still somewhat complicated. I don't think it's a social problem (such as Li Qingzhao's marriage or other rumors with a bad reputation), but a problem of Wang Guowei's aesthetic taste. Wang Guowei attaches great importance to the concept of "Qin" in "Ci Hua on Earth", mainly because of the harmonious scene rarely used in "Ci Hua on Earth". Try reading Mist Tower (also a word often quoted by Wang Guowei). The whole story takes scenery as emotional language, which is exactly what Wang appreciates most. However, most of Yi 'an's ci poems express themselves with bitterness, such as "slow voice" (seeking for it), while the early ci poems took narcissism as a secret and took pride in self-injury. Jing 'an doesn't like it.

Actually, it's more than that. It seems that Li Qingzhao is not mentioned in the works of Ms. Ye Jiaying, a contemporary master of Ci (Comments on Poets in Tang and Song Dynasties and Comments on Jialing Ci). This is not a preference for boys. Ms. Ye Jiaying has no reason to prefer boys to girls!

Doubt 1: according to the standard of Wang Guowei's theory of realm, Li Qingzhao's words do not meet the requirements.

Wang Guowei put forward the theory of realm, but what is realm? "Words on earth" said: "Therefore, it is possible to describe the scenery, and those who have true feelings are called the realm. Otherwise, it is called no realm. " "The branches of red apricots are in spring; Clouds break through the moon and flowers shadow "; "Tears ask the flowers to be speechless, and the red flies over the swing"; "It's a lonely pavilion where the cold spring is closed, and the cuckoo is singing in the sunset." Wang Guowei believes that these sentences write the most authentic faces and feelings of things, people and things, and people in the universe. That thing is the most beautiful thing, feelings are the most sincere feelings, and the communication between people and things is so natural and beautiful. It is carefully brewed by the poet wholeheartedly, even with the flavor of life, so it has a realm. "There are sentences in the Tang and Five Dynasties. Famous poets in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote articles without sentences. There is a saying that after the Song Dynasty, there were only Li Houzhu's works, as well as Yong Shu, Zi Zhan, Shao You, Mei Cheng and Jia Xuan. " "Tang, Five Dynasties and Northern Song Ci can be described as fragrant." It seems that Wang Guowei regards a sentence as a masterpiece. Secondly, he prefers a sentence to a sentence. Looking at Li Qingzhao's ci, it's hard to pick out such exquisite sentences, so as a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, she was naturally killed by Wang Guowei with a stick.

Doubt 2: Wang Guowei doesn't value simple and straightforward words, even vulgar words, so Li Qingzhao, who likes to use simple language and simple painting, will naturally not be taken seriously.

"So, literature is not as good as before, I can't believe it. However, in terms of oneness, there is nothing to say. " Judging from Wang Guowei's view of literary history, Ci also went from bad to worse from the Five Dynasties Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, so the Five Dynasties Northern Song Dynasty was heavier than the Southern Song Dynasty. The development of ci is from poetry to long tune in form, and from exquisite to popular in word use. There is only one comment on the long tune in A Tale of Benevolence: "The long tune focuses on Zhou, Liu, Su and Xin. The word "slow wave sand", which is beautiful, strong and frustrating, has already started the Northern Song Dynasty. If Tuntian's "Eight Tones of Ganzhou" and Dongpo's "Water Melody" are mentioned, then the popular works are of great importance, which can not be mentioned by ordinary tunes. " Moreover, Liu Yong, who created a long style of writing, did not have a high evaluation, of course, because his writing was vulgar. "The man's cool thin has no lines, but it is between paper and ink." I think Yan Qingbo's writing feels the same way. "This also influenced the later Qin Guan and Li Qingzhao, but there was something that Wang Guowei admired in Qin Ci, but not in Li Ci.

Doubt 3: In the theory of Ci before "Ci on Earth", there were not many comments on Li Qingzhao, only that she was a poetess of women's middle school.

Any academic history book will inevitably draw lessons from predecessors' conclusions, and The Thorn on the Earth is no exception. For example, in HSBC, there is "Feng's elegant hall", but now there is "Feng's elegant hall is very big, although it does not lose the wind of five generations". Among Bai Yuzhai's ci poems, there is "Baishi's ci poems have the highest style", and in Ren Jian's ci poems, there is "the personality of ancient and modern ci poems is as high as Baishi"; There is a saying in Bai Yuzhai's Ci Hua: "Although words are beautiful, there are many words ... but their beauty is nothing more than depression and frustration", and in the Addendum to Ci Hua on Earth, there is a saying that Lao Du must be a gentleman in Ci Hua. However, there is no comment on Li Qingzhao's ci in Hui Feng Hua Ci, and there are only a few comments on Li Qingzhao's ci in Bai Yu Zhai Hua Ci, which is not high as a whole and only thinks that "it is strange for women to have this". From this point of view, it is not surprising that Wang Guowei didn't mention Li Qingzhao at all in "Words on Earth".

3. Chen Tingzhuo's main works, Baiyuzhai Thorn and Baiyuzhai Thorn, have 8 volumes and more than 690 articles, which are important works with large scale in modern times.

The author of this book claims that the purpose of writing is "coquettish, affectionate, soft, depressed, practical, popular and sincere." Not being favored by the ancients and embarrassed by the ancients became a unique statement, and it had to be in the middle, so as to stretch a line for Yi Gi "(Preface to the Thorns), which is a self-contained statement about the fashion of Ci.

The book basically holds the view of Changzhou Ci School, but it is not limited to the views of Zhang Huiyan and Zhou Ji, the founders of Changzhou Ci School. His theory of ci emphasizes "feeling interest" and "sustenance", and holds that "sustenance is not thick and touching" (ibid.) and "metaphor is not deep and tree meaning is not thick to express interest" (volume 6 of Thorn); Highlight the style of loyalty and depression, and advocate that "sincerity can be based on loyalty, or it can be depressed and unrestrained, elegant and luxurious" (Volume 1).

The so-called "faith", that is, "based on gentleness and peace" (volume 8); The so-called "depression", that is, "depression and frustration are positive" (Volume 8), makes it "meaning to write first, and God speaks more than words" (Volume 1). Bixing's sustenance, loyalty and depression run through as one. "Feeling current affairs, sending poems, has long been based on the upstream.

In particular, it is not appropriate to tell the truth, but only to use figurative style, that is, figurative style must be implicit and gloomy and honest "(Volume 2). At the same time, it is emphasized that "elegance and vulgarity should be divided at the beginning of introduction" (volume 7) and "vulgarity" should be avoided as much as possible (volume 6).

This book expounds the above basic viewpoints in detail through the specific comments on poets and ci theories of past dynasties. Although this book doesn't object to uninhibited words, it also praises Su (teacher) and Xin (abandoning illness), but it places too much emphasis on the gloomy wind, so it still takes Wen () and Wei (Zhuang) as the cases, and praises chapter 14 of Bodhisattva Man as "the extreme track of ancient and modern times" (Volume 1); Wei Zhuang's Ci is the Best of Ci (Volume 1); In particular, Wang Dui is highly esteemed. He believes that "the word has Bishan (Wang), but the word has respect" (Volume 2).

Therefore, we can't understand the value of Su Xin's Ci, which directly reflects the reality. However, he also showed contempt for folk literature, thinking that "folk songs are sung" and "it is difficult to be elegant" (Volume 6).

Chen's point of view is mainly that of Changzhou Ci School, which advocates that Ci should be "sentimental" and "entrusted", and opposes moaning without illness, and also opposes "talking without leaving room". He put forward his own unique criteria for judging words, namely "depressed" and "elegant". The latter is easy to understand. Regarding the former, Chen Tingzhuo himself explained: "The so-called depressed people mean to write first, and God speaks beyond words.

..... hair will be looming, want to show, repeatedly stroked, will not hit the nail on the head. Not only the height of the figure, but also the thickness of the temperament. "

(It seems different from Lao Du's Melancholy. Under the guidance of this point of view, Chen is different from the orthodox theorists in the past, and gave a very high evaluation to Su Xin and other "bold" poets: "In the past, Dongpo's ci was not correct, confined to the rhythm, not to the source, and his eyes were like beans, which was not enough to argue." "Xin Jiaxuan, the dragon in the word, is extremely ambitious, but his artistic conception is extremely depressed."

The word "Jialing (Chen Weisong)" is dignified and handsome. On its charm, it is invincible in ancient and modern times. "Such an evaluation is rare.

However, the literal meaning of Chen's so-called "depression" seems to be inconsistent with his own explanation. Even if there is, the standard of "depression" is somewhat narrow in terms of style alone. Based on this, Chen pushed Nalan Xingde out of the ranks of the first-class poets in the Qing Dynasty, saying that he was "not deep in artistic conception and simple in writing."

Chen's conclusion is framed by the word "depressed", thinking that the true feelings are revealed and not implicit enough. This theory is really unconvincing.

Nalan Xingde's small words are fresh and natural, and they are works of true temperament. "Pure emotion wins" is its strength. Otherwise, the characteristics of Nalan Ci will be completely lost, and Mr. Jing 'an (Wang Guowei) will not give him the evaluation of "fresh and natural, only one person since the Northern Song Dynasty". The limitations of the theory of presentation are obvious, but the contradiction between Wang Guowei's ci theory and the theory of presentation cannot be regarded as the limitations of the theory of presentation, because Wang Guowei's evaluation system has gone to the other extreme, that is, he excessively praised "the spirit of nature" and opposed the use of allusions. There are many contradictions in his ci theory system, and Wang Guowei's ci theory cannot be used as the theoretical scale of his ci theory.

At the same time, Chen's overall belittling of Nalan Xingde is not the biggest defect of his theoretical system, or even a big defect, nor can it be amplified because it conflicts with Wang Guowei's extreme views. Chen, like the orthodox theorists in the past, likes to promote the songs of Chu in the Book of Songs and suppress folk slang.

When talking about the Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty, he said that the Ci in the Northern Song Dynasty was "more talented" and "the ancient meaning gradually drifted away", but he tried to belittle Liu Yong's statement that "the poet became ancient and Qing Ji became the first figurine", saying that he used slang more than poetry. Even Qin Guan, Jiang Kui and Wang, whom he admired highly, said that "slang is inevitable among Muslims", which obviously showed some dissatisfaction.

But I don't think Chen knows that the most valuable part of the national style of The Book of Songs is local folk songs. His views are not only pedantic, but also contradictory. Chen also commented on the song dynasty's anonymous "Nine": "Nine" is purely a change of Li Sao, and its own ci has reached its peak. Although it is beautiful, it cannot be done. "

However, looking at the brushwork of the nine chapters, it seems to be born out of folk songs. Fresh and natural, lively and smart, unlike the literati's handwriting. I don't know what evidence Chen has to support this statement. It makes sense to change Xiaoya into a national style. One of the most common names in Baiyuzhai is "Bishan" (referring to Wang), and Chen's admiration for Wang is hard to see. "Wang Bishan's words are of the highest quality, the strongest flavor, the deepest artistic conception, the heaviest intensity, the language injury at that time, loyalty and lingering.

Poets have this, no regrets. ""Little beauty, poetry leader also.

What can be discussed is good at rhetoric, don't talk nonsense. Therefore, the elegance of a seat will eventually achieve Bishan. "

However, reading Bishan Ci is mellow and elegant, sad and implicit, but subtle and subtle, and sometimes even gives people a feeling of affectation. However, Chen added: "When reading Bishan Ci, you must count it carefully, be calm, and its flavor is outside.

Careless people will not be allowed to read Bishan Ci. "Maybe it's Chen Dayi.

Record a poem "Nanpu" written by Bishan, comment on it and make a conclusion. Beyond the willows, the sky is blue and the land is green.

4. One kind of acacia, two kinds of leisure worries, one prune, the red lotus root fragrance remains in autumn, and Li Qingzhao's red lotus root fragrance remains in autumn.

Gently untie Luo Shang and go to Lan alone. Who sent the brocade book? The word goose returns, and the moon is full of the west building.

Flowers from Shui Piao to water, one kind of lovesickness, two places of leisure. There is no way to eliminate this situation, only frown and mind.

Appreciation of Wonderful Writing —— A Brief Analysis of a Plum titled Don't worry in Li Qingzhao's Selected Poems of Huang Sheng Hua 'an, which was written by Li Qingzhao after she went out to study in Zhao Mingcheng. Yi Shizhen's "Tianku" said: "Yi An hasn't been married for a long time, and he has a clear and sincere journey.

Yi Anshu couldn't bear to say goodbye, so he found the word "a piece of plum" in Jinpa's book and sent it. The recent film Li Qingzhao follows Yi Shizhen's theory. When Zhao Mingcheng embarked on a cruise, Sang Song "cut a plum" and "let's get rid of Luo Shang and go to Lanzhou alone".

I don't think it is consistent with the meaning of the words to understand this poem as a farewell work, and even the two sentences of "light interpretation of Luo Shang" are difficult to explain. "Luo Shang" does not refer to men's "Luo Yi", because there is no need to change "Yi" to "Shang" from the perspective of both level and wording.

"Luo Shang" undoubtedly refers to silk skirts, while men in Song Dynasty didn't wear skirts. If the last sentence is interpreted as writing Li Qingzhao and the next sentence is written by Zhao Mingcheng, where does the next sentence come from? How do these two meanings relate? It seems that the title of Hua 'an Anthology should be Don't worry.

After Li Qingzhao and Zhao Mingcheng got married, they had a good relationship, and their family life was full of academic and artistic atmosphere, so they were very happy. So it is not difficult to understand that once two people leave, they miss each other.

Especially Li Qingzhao admire Zhao Mingcheng more. This is reflected in many of her poems.

This word is the author's ingenious pen to express her inseparable feelings, which reflects a new soul, a newly married young woman who is addicted to boundless love. The beginning of the word is: red lotus root fragrance, dead.

Write an autumn when the lotus is dying and the bamboo mat is too cold. "Red lotus root" means red lotus.

"Hosta" is a beautiful bamboo mat. This sentence is extremely rich in meaning. It not only points out the seasons, but also points out that it is such a small Qiu Shu's intention that leads the author to leave his feelings and show the tendency of the whole world.

Moreover, it exaggerates the environmental atmosphere and sets off the author's loneliness and leisure. For example, "fragrant lotus root", although it means that autumn has come and the lotus has withered, actually it also means that youth is perishable and beauty is easy to get old; "Emerald Qiu Chan", although it was a summer retreat from Qiu Lai, the bamboo mat was also very cold.

In fact, it also means "people are cold on the table". In terms of expression and meaning, this sentence is similar to the first sentence of Huanxisha written by Li Jing of Southern Tang Dynasty: "Lotus fragrance sells residual green leaves".

Similarly, the lotus is dying, and autumn is coming. But the latter is not as poetic as the former: "lotus fragrance" is undoubtedly not as popular and lively as "lotus fragrance"; The meaning of "Cui Ye Can" is still the same as that of "Han Xiangpin", which means that the lotus leaves fall in Qiu Lai.

But "Emerald Qiu Chan" is different and has a new meaning. If Xiang Lotus expresses the arrival of autumn from objective scenery, then Jade expresses the arrival of autumn through the author's subjective feeling that the bamboo mat is cold.

In a word, objectivity and subjectivity, scenery and emotion are all integrated. Obviously, it is the same seven words, but its meaning is much richer than that of Jing Li.

No wonder Chen Tingzhuo of the Qing Dynasty praised, "Yi 'an's beautiful sentences, such as Plum and Plum, have seven words at the beginning:' Red lotus leaves a jade autumn', which is exquisite and really out of touch. "("Bai Yuzhai Ci ") Li Qingzhao is not an out-of-touch person, but this" exquisite beauty "is a fact, not an exaggeration.

Li Qingzhao is already worried about her husband's going out. Now in the face of such a cold and desolate scene, she will inevitably feel moved by the scene, and her feelings for her husband will inevitably haunt her, and her inner suffering is self-evident. It is human nature that mortals always try to get rid of troubles and boredom.

Li Qingzhao is no exception. How on earth does she want to get rid of this melancholy? At the moment, she is not drinking to drown her sorrows, nor lamenting, but sightseeing. That's how the next two sentences were quoted: take Luo Shang lightly and go to Lanzhou alone.

In other words, I gently untied my silk skirt, put on casual clothes, and rowed the boat to play alone! The word "light" in the previous sentence carries a lot of weight, and "light" means light hands. It truly shows that young women are afraid to disturb others, cautious and a little shy.

Because it was "light", no one knew, and even the maid went aboard alone without letting her follow. The word "independent" in the next sentence is a response to the word "light" in the previous sentence.

Luo Shang is a silk skirt. "Lanzhou", that is, Mulan Ship, is the laudatory name of the ship.

The use of "Luo Shang" and "Lanzhou" here is very suitable for Li Qingzhao's identity. Because this is unique to wealthy families.

The meaning of these two sentences is different from "Nine Songs"? In Xiang Jun, "Wu Pei took Xi Guizhou, so that there was no wave in Yuanxiang and the river was safe." Mrs. Xiang came to Guizhou to see Mr. Xiang; It is also different from Zhang Xiaoxiang's Niannujiao: "The jade sword is 30,000 hectares, carrying me a boat."

Write about the excitement of boating on the vast Dongting Lake. It's about Li Qingzhao suffering from missing her husband. The reason why she wants to "go boating alone" is to drown her sorrows by boating, not to relax.

This is one of Li Qingzhao's ways to relieve her worries. In fact, "going to the blue boat alone" eliminates worries. If you are extremely worried, why not do so? However, it's just like "raising a glass to ease your worries".

In the past, you may have rowed together, but today you are fighting alone. The present situation can only evoke the past, so how can we get rid of it? However, Li Qingzhao is different from ordinary women after all. She doesn't blame her sadness on the other person's departure, but assumes that the other person will miss her. So, she wrote: Who sent Yun Brocade? The word goose returns, and the moon is full of the west building.

The first two sentences are inverted sentences. These words mean that the geese are flying back. Who asked them to deliver the letter? I'm looking forward to it in the west building where the moon shines! The "who" here actually refers to Zhao Mingcheng.

"Jin Shu", that is, Kim Wen Hui, here refers to love letters. The author's writing seems dull, but in fact it has subtle charm: First, it embodies Li Qingzhao's profound and sincere feelings and full trust in her husband.

Because if she is indifferent to Zhao Mingcheng or has doubts, she won't.

5. Daming Lake, Baotu Spring, the former residence is in the depths of weeping poplar; Wash jade and settle down. In epigraphy, Li Qingzhao is brilliant in literary talent.

Li Qingzhao (1084.2.5. ~1155.4.10.), an outstanding female writer in the southern song dynasty, was born in Jinan, Shandong province, and was a graceful poet. Yuanfeng was born in Zhangqiu, Shandong Province in the Northern Song Dynasty, and died in Lin 'an at the age of 72. In history, it is also called "Jinan Er 'an" with Xin Qiji, a native of Licheng, Jinan.

Zhao Mingcheng, son of official assistant minister Tingzhi Zhao, is a textual research scholar. Li Qingzhao lived comfortably in her early years and was proficient in writing and music. After their marriage, he and Zhao Mingcheng devoted themselves to the collation of epigraphy of calligraphy and painting, and compiled The Book of the Stone. After the fall of the Central Plains, she went south with her husband and lived a wandering and miserable life. Ming Cheng died of illness and was in a lonely situation. Young people have long been famous for learning from their families. Li Qingzhao enjoys a high reputation in the history of China literature. She is famous for her trilogy of ci, poetry and ci. "There is Li Qingzhao in literature and Qin Liangyu in martial arts." I lived a stable and prosperous life in my early years, and wrote more words about acacia; After the invasion, great changes have taken place in Jin Bing's country, and his ci is full of feelings about his life experience. Her sense of poetry and prose is different from that of words. She is also good at painting and calligraphy, and she is fluent in music. The existing poems and songs are all compiled by later generations, including Shuyu Ci. Advocate "writing is unique." China is the only woman whose name is used as a crater in outer space.

"One hundred generations of rivers, surging waves, scouring the heroes of the ages; The garden is a thousand years old, and the flower of a woman is in full bloom. " It describes Li Qingzhao.

Li Houzhu and Li Yian are very popular. The former is too white, so it is called Li San. (Shen Qupity)

In the Qing dynasty, women were taken as photos, and the words were reversed. Although there are not many articles, they must be treasured, and they are a large number of poets. ("Siku Summary")

Yi Lee's ci is unique and impressive. They originated from Huaihai and Sheng Da, and the casting language is more creative, which amazed women. ("Bai Yu Zhai Hua Ci")

Yi 'an's beautiful sentences, such as "Plum Branches and Plums", begin with seven words: "The lotus root is fragrant, and the jade falls in autumn", which is so exquisite that it really doesn't eat human fireworks. (same book)

6. The famous poets' comments on Li Qingzhao's ci are Li Houzhu for the male and Li Yian for the female, which is absolutely true. The former is too white, so it is called Li San. [Shen Qu regrets]

In the Qing dynasty, women were taken as photos, and the words were reversed. Although there are not many articles, they must be treasured, and they are a large number of poets. [Summary of Four Treasures of the Study]

Yi Lee's ci is unique and impressive. They originated from Huaihai and Sheng Da, and the casting language is more creative, which amazed women. 【 《 White Jade Zhai Thorn 》 】

Yi 'an's beautiful sentences, such as "Plum Branches and Plums", begin with seven words: "The lotus root is fragrant, and the jade falls in autumn", which is so exquisite that it really doesn't eat human fireworks. 【 《 White Jade Zhai Thorn 》 】

Yi Lee wrote a poem "Drunken Flowers" in Chongyang, and sent a letter to Zhao Mingcheng. Be honest and be ashamed. But I forgot to eat or sleep. I ate 15 Jin for three days and three nights, and it was easy to make Lu Defu's signature. Telford repeatedly said: Only these three sentences "Don't get carried away" are excellent. It is easy to be safe. ["Ci Yuan Cong Tan"]

Daming Lake, Baotu Spring, the former residence in the depths of weeping Yang.

In Yu Shu's ci and epigraphy, there are literary talents left by our ancestors.

Guo Moruo wrote about Li Qingzhao Temple in Baotu Spring, Jinan.

Song lyrics, Yi An can also be called the best, so that you can dress up, to fight between Chyi Chin and Huang Jiu, not just in the boudoir. [Yang Shen's Ci Pin in Ming Dynasty]