Introduce Dickens.

In the history of English literature, the19th century was the heyday of novels with bright stars. Among these great novelists, Charles John Huffam Dickens (English: Charles John Huffam Dickens,1865438+February 7, 2002-65438+June 9, 20870) is the most dazzling star. Dickens, who suffered from human sufferings since childhood, sympathized most with the working people and helpless children. Dickens is a prolific writer. He created a lot of classic works with diligence and talent. He is also a master of humor, who often tells the truth of the world in romance and reality in humorous language, so that Marx has to admire him as an "outstanding novelist". Dickens is famous for his witty humor and satire, meticulous psychological analysis, realistic description and romantic atmosphere. His magnum opus 14 exposes and criticizes the shortcomings of British society, and sets off a new upsurge of realism in the history of British and even the whole world literature. Dickens always wrote with a humanitarian heart. He is regarded by later generations as "calling people back to the beacon of laughter and goodness" and is the most outstanding representative of critical realism. Marx called him and Thackeray, a famous contemporary British writer, "a group of outstanding novelists" in Britain. Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, England on February 7, 200812. His father, John Dickens, is a clerk in the naval accounting office. When Dickens was young, he often sneaked into the attic at home and read one novel after another with relish. Robinson Crusoe, The Works of Fielding, The Arabian Nights and Don Quixote are all his favorite works. His young mind has long been attached to literature and art, and then his family became increasingly poor and heavily in debt, so the family had to leave their hometown and move to London. But not long after moving, the old debts at home have not been paid off, and new debts have come again. His father was finally put in a debt prison. Dickens was only ten years old at this time. But as the eldest brother of a group of brothers and sisters, and his father was a helpless man, Dickens had to assume the responsibility of parents. At the age of eleven, he was an apprentice in a leather shoes and oil factory. In order to save money, his mother lived in prison with her sister-in-law and her father, and Dickens stayed outside alone. After receiving his salary every week, he takes money or food to visit the prison and reunite with his parents, brothers and sisters. These hard days left an indelible impression on young Dickens' mind, which made him full of sympathy for poor children, the poor and the persecuted, and produced great hatred for the ruling class and capitalist society in Britain at that time. Later, his father got a small inheritance. After he was released from prison, he sent Charles Dickens to the University of Wellington (equivalent to a high school) to study. Mr. Jones, the headmaster, is a stupid and savage man. He whips students at will. Abuse. This character appears many times in Dickens' works. The little money at home soon ran out, and Charles Dickens had to stop studying and find a job to make a living. He sometimes works as a lawyer's secretary, sometimes delivers letters for the office, sometimes works as a stenographer in the court, and sometimes interviews for the newspaper. The hard life made Dickens acquire rich knowledge of life and accumulated valuable materials for his later writing. At the age of 22, Dickens tried to write a short story and timidly put it in the mailbox of a magazine. A week later, the novel was published and Dickens began his amateur writing activities. At first, he wrote some features for the Chronicle Morning Post and signed them as "Bos". 1837, he wrote his first novel, The Story of Pickwick. After the publication of this work, it was all the rage and sold well all over the country. It immediately became gossip material, which enabled him to make a living by writing and began his writing career. Later, he wrote many works, mainly novels, and achieved great success (with Dickens chronology), eventually becoming one of the great writers in the history of English literature. Dickens had lived in France and Italy for a long time and had been to America. His observation of the United States is extremely profound; The hypocritical democratic politics, cruel prisons and especially dark slavery in the United States aroused Dickens' great indignation. He said: "I have been disappointed. This is not the country I want to go to. This is not the country I imagined. " His travel novel "American Notes" and his novel "Martin Jushwelwitt" strongly exposed the darkness and ugliness of American society. Dickens is one of the few outstanding masters of critical realism in Europe in the19th century. His greatness lies not only in his profound exposure of life at all levels of British society, but also in his real literary revolution. In his previous English literature, ordinary people had no position; Dickens was not the first person to change this phenomenon, but he was the most effective one. He described the lower classes and their miserable lives with vivid and enthusiastic brushstrokes. He wrote tragic life scenes such as slums, inns, shelters for the poor, debt prisons and so on into his literary works, and gave the greatest sympathy to poor and upright workers. On the other hand, he mercilessly exposed and criticized the emerging bourgeoisie such as factory owners and bankers, bourgeois society, bourgeois hypocritical "democratic politics" and "partisan activities", inequality and irrationality under the capitalist system, and the inhumanity of bourgeois laws. He reflected the real social features of Britain in the early19th century with a high degree of artistic generalization and vivid detail description. His works are full of wonderful and interesting humor and nuanced psychological analysis. Many characters in his works can make people live in readers' minds for a long time after reading them. Charles Dickens lived in an era when British capitalism was developing day by day and the bourgeoisie was winning. However, as Marx and Engels pointed out, with the rise of the bourgeoisie, its opposite, the working class, also appeared, and the class struggle between the two classes became increasingly acute. Dickens began to write when the famous "Charter Movement" prevailed. Lenin said: "When the first extensive, truly mass and political proletarian revolutionary movement in the world-the Charter Movement-took place in Britain, most of the revolutions in continental Europe were weak bourgeois revolutions, but the first great civil war broke out between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie in France." (Selected Works of Lenin, Volume III, Page 8 1 1, People's Publishing House, Edition 1972) This is the basic situation of Dickens' life. Although objectively, the great "Charter Movement" had a profound influence and promoted the critical development of his works, and at that time it was the "Charter Movement" that had a correct understanding and high evaluation of Dickens' value and thought that he reflected the people's demands, but Dickens subjectively not only could not understand the revolutionary movement of the working class, but also opposed it. He sympathized with the workers, but not with the workers' revolution. He is a harmonic performer in his class. He imagined that cruel exploiters could be reformed through morality and education, and the disparity between the rich and the poor in the world could be eliminated through charity of good people. He exposed the evils of capitalism, but he didn't want to overthrow the capitalist system itself. He hates the rule of money over the human soul, but he can't find the reason why money will become almighty God. He will always be a petty-bourgeois humanist. In other words, he is not a revolutionary, but a reformer. Therefore, on the one hand, his works have profound and powerful power to criticize and expose, on the other hand, they also contain many negative factors. Even so, Dickens belongs to the progressive tradition because of his vivid description of British social life at the beginning of19th century, infinite deep sympathy for the people and fantasy of the bourgeoisie, which greatly restricts his thoughts and art. The keynote throughout all his works is hatred for the representative ruler of capitalist society, that is, the "wicked man" in his mind, and sympathy for the ordinary people and poor workers under capitalist oppression, that is, the "good man" in his mind. His works not only made great progress at that time, but are still loved and cherished by people until now. Dickens died on June 9, 870 at the age of 58. Boz's Sketch, List of Dickens' Major Works-1836 The Story of Pickwick-1836 Oliver Twist-1837-65438+ Nicholas Nicholby-1838-1839 Old Museum Store. 438+084 1 dollar bill-1842 A Christmas carol-1843 Martin Chuzwitt-1844. Chime bells (1844)-crickets on the stove (1844). -Dombey and his son (1855)-david copperfield (1846-1848)-Write letters to children (1849-1850). English story)-185 1 year-1853 bleak villa-1852-1853 hard times-65438+it)-1855-/kloc Our mutual friend-1864-1865 The Mystery of Edwin Rudd-unfinished, 1870 The Legendary Life of a Literary Master-Dickens Summary: In the history of English literature, among these great novelists, Dickens is the most radiant star. Dickens, who suffered from human sufferings since childhood, was most sympathetic to the working people and helpless children. Dickens is a prolific writer. He created a lot of classic works with diligence and talent. He is also a master of humor, who often tells the truth of the world in romance and reality in humorous language, so that Marx has to admire him as an "outstanding novelist". The influence of Dickens' realistic writing concept on China literature has attracted the attention of many domestic scholars. Lao She realized from reading Dickens' works that she didn't have to care about the shackles of China's novel style: "Write casually, casually"; In addition, more writers have been exposed to British and American literature through Lin Shu's translation and gained inspiration.