Introduction to the masterpieces of Beijing senior high school entrance examination in recent 10 years.

I. The Journey to the West

1. Work background: Author Wu Cheng'en, a famous novelist in Ming Dynasty. The Journey to the West, written in the Ming Dynasty, is listed as one of the four fantastic books in the Ming Dynasty and is still one of the four classics in China.

2. Central idea: As long as this book describes the story of the Monkey King's disturbance in the Heavenly Palace, the birth of Tang Priest, and the four disciples' Buddhist scriptures, it praises the fearless and indomitable spirit of the four disciples, mainly the Monkey King.

3. Writing characteristics: 1. This novel is good at telling stories and readable.

2. He is good at the task of image-building, which has created unforgettable characters such as the Monkey King and Zhu Bajie.

This book is full of wild imagination and bold and peculiar exaggeration.

4. Characters:

The Monkey King: defiant, bold, brave and witty, with clear love and hate, bitter as enemy, upright and selfless, brave and fearless, and dare to resist oppression.

Pig Bajie: On the one hand, lazy, short-sighted, gossiping, smart, talkative, taking advantage of petty gain, lecherous; On the other hand, he is brave and kind, brave in struggle, capable of correcting mistakes, simple and honest.

Friar Sand: Honesty, sincerity and hard work.

Tang Priest: The spirit of believing in Buddhism, strictly observing the precepts, taking a clear-cut stand, standing firm and going forward is indestructible; But sometimes there is no difference between good and bad.

Leather monkey? Silly pig? Yan? A Loyal Monk —— An Analysis of the Personality of Tang Priests and Mentors in The Journey to the West

Representative story: Making a scene in Heaven, Monkey King Thrice Defeats the Skeleton Demon outsmarted Hon Hai 'er and borrowed a banana fan.

5, reading experience: it is not easy to do anything big. If you want to succeed, you must make efforts and painstaking efforts. People must go through hardships to finally achieve happiness and success.

Second, Romance of the Three Kingdoms (no main characters, er ...)

1. Representative background: Luo Guanzhong, a native of Huhai No.1, was a famous novelist and dramatist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, and the originator of Zhang Hui's novels in China. This book is the first novel in ancient China. This is a classic of historical romance. Written in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, it is one of China's four classical novels.

2. Main content: The novel describes the contradictions and struggles among the three political and military groups headed by Cao Cao, Liu Bei and Sun Quan in Wei Shuwu in the 3rd century.

3. Exercise: 1. The embodiment of loyalty in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is Guan Yu. What we know about his loyalty, righteousness, courage, resourcefulness and pride is as follows:

Riding a thousand miles alone, Huarong Road let Cao Cao go, passed five customs and killed six generals, flooded seven armies and defeated Maicheng.

2. The embodiment of the wise man in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is Zhuge Liang, a strategist. Before he was a young man, he had known two-thirds of the world. Many famous stories about him are recorded in the book, such as burning Bowangpo, capturing Meng Huo seven times, leaving Qishan six times, retreating to the empty city of Sima Yi, and shedding tears to behead Ma Su.

3. In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the three sworn brothers in Taoyuan are Liu Bei with a double sword, Zhang Fei with a spear, and Guan Yu with a crescent knife.

4. "The Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wash away the heroes. Whether it is right and wrong or failure, it is empty now and has disappeared with the passage of time. Castle Peak is still there, and the setting sun is a few degrees red ... "This is the opening word of China's classical literature Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

5. Write two idioms or proverbs related to the story of the Three Kingdoms:

Like a duck to water, take care of the cottage and do your best.

6. Zhuge Liang is the main character in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Please write the names of two stories about Zhuge Liang in the novel. For example, the debate between Confucianism, three visits to Caotang and six visits to Qishan.

7. Combined with the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is said that Battle of Red Cliffs is a famous war example jointly commanded by Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu, and then it is said that Zhuge Liang shed tears to behead Ma Su because he lost the street pavilion.

8. "I stayed away from the tiger's den for a while and said that the hero was surprised. Cleverly cover the thunder and improvise. " This poem tells the story of Liu Bei and Cao Cao in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. This story is a hero in the theory of cooking wine in childhood. (2002 Heilongjiang senior high school entrance examination questions)

9. Zhuge Liang is the main character in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Please write the name of a story about Zhuge Liang in the novel. Empty city plan-covering up a weak defense with a bold front

10, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms created a heroic image of riding a thousand miles alone. This hero is Guan Yunchang. Please write another name of his story in the simplest language: going to the meeting alone. (2000 Jilin college entrance examination questions)

1 1. The following couplet summarizes the achievements of Zhuge Liang's life. Refer to the example, choose two of the six listed items and write down the specific meaning.

Collect the two rivers, arrange eight arrays, catch six out of seven, light 49 lights before five feet, and concentrate on three concerns.

Take western Shu, gather people from the south, and reject things from the north. In Zhong Jun's records, Jin Mu's divination was changed, and the water surface could be attacked by fire.

(for example) three visits: three visits to the cottage

Six exits: (Six exits from Qishan) Seven escapes: (Seven escapes from Meng Huo) Take Erchuan: (Take Dongchuan and Xichuan)

Donghe: (Donghe Sun Quan) North Rejection: (North Rejection of Cao Cao) Eight Arrays: (Eight Diagrams Array)

Three visits: (in return for Liu Bei's kindness to visit the cottage) Take West Shu: (Take West Shu)

Dingnan people: (suppressing the rebellion in the south) Fire attack: (referring to Battle of Red Cliffs) (the senior high school entrance examination in Haidian District, Beijing in 2002)

Third, "who is who"

1, representative background: author Roman? Roland, a famous French writer in the first half of the 20th century. 19 15 because of the novel John? Christophe, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature, is a world-famous pacifist. Who's Who is the general name of Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy.

2. Central idea: This book describes the hardships and frustrations of Beethoven, Michelangelo and Tolstoy, and praises their noble character and indomitable spirit. Faced with the misfortune of family life and social exclusion, they fought tenaciously. Real suffering makes them face life, and the struggle with suffering makes them great. )

3. Characters and corresponding typical plots and personality characteristics:

Beethoven (1770- 1827), one of the greatest composers in human history, has outstanding musical talent, fiery rebellious temperament and strong personality like a giant.

Personality: unruly, ordinary and eccentric, unfortunately lonely, self-improvement, music god, indomitable giant image.

Beethoven's story mainly revolves around "grasping the throat of fate". Beethoven used his will and irresistible force to sweep away melancholy thoughts and overcome the double torture of body and spirit.

Michelangelo (1475-1564) was a sculptor, painter, architect and poet in the heyday of the Italian Renaissance. His major works include Bacchus, Mourning for Christ, David, Moses, Bound Slave, Dying Slave and Doomsday Judgment. His artistic creation shows the patriotism and the spirit of fighting for freedom of the civil class at that time, represents the artistic peak of the Renaissance, and is a precious heritage in the treasure house of human culture.

Personality: Kindness, fraternity, kindness, loneliness, paranoia, cowardice, perseverance, sureness, rich but poor family, yielding to the power of the Pope.

Michelangelo's story is a tragedy, showing that a genius shed painful blood in order to conquer the world and create immortal masterpieces. The content is mainly divided into the first chapter "Fighting", the next chapter "Abandoning" and the end "Death".

Tolstoy (1928- 19 10), a famous Russian writer, reformer and moral thinker in the 9th century, whose main works are Anna? Karenin, War and Peace, Resurrection.

Personality: love, sensitivity, self-improvement, pious religious views.

Tolstoy's stories are mainly about childhood, Caucasian chronicles, Cossack chronicles, Cyberburg chronicles, love and marriage, social repression and so on. It is the longest of the three stories and the most detailed description of the life and creation of the main characters.

4. Writing characteristics: a large number of quotations, grasp the main personality characteristics of the communicator, make it the soul of the whole article, and produce fascinating power. From many aspects, it shows the preacher's physical and mental pain, his unremitting struggle against infinite suffering, and his passion for life that broke out in the struggle.

The celebrities in Who's Who are all world-class artists. Their lives are rich and colorful, their works are profound, and their influence has not faded with the times. The author firmly grasps the similarities of these three artists in different fields, focuses on describing their mental journey of enduring suffering for a long time in pursuit of truth, goodness and beauty, and writes with touching pen and ink their lofty courage to fight against fate and great feelings to bear the suffering of all mankind.

5, reading experience: 1, life will inevitably encounter hardships, life is not full of flowers and joy.

In order to succeed, we must overcome all kinds of difficulties in real life.

People should judge by their quality and value, not by their appearance.

Four, "A Dream of Red Mansions" (not the point)

1. background of famous works: The author Cao Xueqin, whose name is Zhan, A Dream of Red Mansions, also known as The Story of the Stone, is a novel of the Qing Dynasty with a cycle of 120, and is one of the four classical novels in China. The first eighty chapters were written by Cao Xueqin in Qing Dynasty, and the last forty chapters were written by Gao E.

2. Central idea: The book takes Jia, Shi, Wang and Xue as the background, and takes the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main clue, focusing on the process of Jia Hening's house from prosperity to decline. It comprehensively describes the human world in the last days of feudal society and all kinds of disharmonious contradictions.

Step 3 practice:

1, "One is Xianpa in Yuen Long, and the other is Meiyu. If there is no strange fate, I will meet him again in this life; If you say you have a strange fate, how can you be worried? " This poem reveals the love tragedy of a young man and a young woman in A Dream of Red Mansions. Among them, "Yuen Long Xianpa" refers to Lin Daiyu and "flawless jade" refers to Jia Baoyu.

2. "Flowers are flying all over the sky, who pity the red fragrance?" ..... There is no sad song for me, I don't know! "This poem was written by Lin Daiyu, a character in A Dream of Red Mansions. (2003 Ezhou senior high school entrance examination questions)

3. "When Nu Wa tried to mend the sky by refining stones, she left a stone, which was discarded at the foot of Geng Qingfeng on the barren hills and cliffs. Later, it was brought into the world of mortals by literati and mysterious real people and experienced joys and sorrows." The above plot comes from China's famous classic Dream of Red Mansions.

A writer has read his works for ten years, adding and deleting them five times. The author's name is Cao Xueqin.

Five, "morning flowers pick up in the evening"

1. Representative background: Lu Xun, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, formerly known as Zhou Shuren, is a great modern writer, thinker and revolutionary in China. His main works are Scream, Wandering, Weeds and Morning Flowers. "Flowers at Morning" is a collection of reminiscence essays written by Lu Xun 1926, with a total of ten articles. The first five articles were written in Beijing and the last five in Xiamen. Originally published in the semi-monthly Mangyuan, the general title was "Reviving the past".

2. Main content: "Flowers at Morning" is Mr. Lu Xun's memory of different life experiences in childhood and youth, which vividly shows the local customs and social conditions of China at that time.

3. Stories and ideas:

"Dog? Cat? Rats are triggered by attacking "gentlemen", mocking the "gossip" they spread, and expressing their hatred for cats' characteristics of "torturing the weak", "barking everywhere" and sometimes "coquetry". Recall the experience and feeling that a lovely hidden mouse saved as a child was destroyed. It shows sympathy for the weak and hatred for the oppressor.

"A Chang and Shan Hai Jing" recalls the scene of getting along with the nanny Dragon Mother when I was a child, and describes the dragon mother's kind, simple, superstitious and nagging character. "Being full is a troublesome etiquette"; I am full of respect and gratitude to her for finding and giving her a long-awaited painting "Shan Hai Jing". The article expresses the sincere memory of this working woman in affectionate language.

Starting with the children's books at that time, Twenty-four Filial Paintings recalls the feelings of reading Twenty-four Filial Paintings when I was a child, and reveals the hypocrisy and cruelty of feudal filial piety. The stories of filial piety, such as "Seeking carp on the ice", "Old Lai entertaining relatives" and "Guo Ju burying children", are emphatically analyzed, accusing this feudal filial piety of ignoring children's lives, taking nausea as pleasure, "taking unkindness as a training, slandering ancient evils and teaching future generations ill". The work sharply criticized the tendency of opposing vernacular Chinese and advocating retro at that time.

Wu Canghui describes the eagerness and excitement when I was a child, and the feeling of disappointment and pain when my father forced me to recite Jian lue. It pointed out that compulsory feudal education suppressed and destroyed children's nature.

Impermanence describes the image of impermanence seen in the countryside and drama stage when I was a child, which shows that the straightforward and fair image of impermanence is loved by the people because there is no justice in the world, the wicked can't get what they deserve, and "fair trial is in the underworld". In the discussion, under the banner of "justice" and "justice", the article made a bitter mockery of "gentleman".

From Baicaoyuan to Sanyan Yinyue, I described the fun in Baicaoyuan's home and the boring life of studying in Santan Yinyue when I was a child, revealed the sharp contradiction between children's extensive interests in life and feudal bookstore education that bound children's nature, and expressed the reasonable requirements for children's healthy and lively growth.

"Father's Disease" recalls the scene of delaying treatment for his father as a child, describes the attitudes, styles and prescriptions of several "famous doctors", and reveals their ignorance of witchcraft and medicine, mystifying, extortion and disregard for the essence of human life.

The above seven works describe the fragments of Lu Xun's childhood life in his hometown, showing the human feelings and social features at that time, and are valuable chapters for understanding young Lu Xun. The following three works, Xiaozi Notes, Mr. Fujino and Fan Ainong, describe Lu Xun's experience after leaving his hometown to study in Nanjing and Japan, leaving a heavy footprint on young Lu Xun's pursuit of truth.

Miscellaneous Notes tells how Lu Xun went to Nanjing to study and look for "another kind of person". The work describes the disadvantages and difficulties of studying in Jiangnan Naval Academy (later renamed Thunder Academy) and Mining Railway Academy at that time, and criticizes the "cigar smoke" of Westernization Academy. The author described his excitement when he first came into contact with the theory of evolution. He read the theory of evolution hungrily despite the opposition of the older generation and showed a strong desire to explore the truth.

"Mr Fujino" records the author's study life while studying in Japan, and describes the process of being discriminated and insulted by Japanese students in Sendai Medical College and deciding to abandon medicine and join literature. The author highlights the rigor, integrity, enthusiasm and noble character of Mr. Fujino, a Japanese teacher, saying that "his character is great in my eyes and heart, although his name is not known to many people". Expressed deep affection for Mr. Fujino.

Fan Ainong traces the author's contact with Fan Ainong during his stay in Japan and after his return to China. It describes Fan Ainong's dissatisfaction with the dark society before the revolution and his pursuit of the revolution, as well as his persecution after the Revolution of 1911. It shows his disappointment with the old democratic revolution and his sympathy and mourning for this upright and stubborn patriot.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. First of all, in some essays, there are distinctive features of narration and discussion. This kind of prose includes Dog, Cat and Mouse, Twenty-four Filial Pieties, Impermanence, Father's Disease, Xiaozi Notes and so on. Due to the use of narrative and discussion, most of these articles show obvious characteristics of social criticism and cultural reflection.

2. Being good at grasping the most typical characteristics of events and people, expressing the connotation of events, expressing the personality characteristics of people and sketching the basic characteristics of people and events can leave a very deep impression on readers.

Six, "Water Margin"

1. Masterpiece background: The author Shi Naian, whose original name was Yan Rui, whose real name was Zhao Rui, whose ancestral home was Suzhou, was a famous novelist in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. This book was written in the Ming Dynasty.

2. Main content: The Water Margin is China's first chapter-by-chapter novel praising the peasant uprising. It vividly describes the whole process of Liangshan heroes from uprising to prosperity and finally failure, especially by writing the different life experiences and resistance roads of many rebellious heroes, and vividly shows the theme of "officials forcing the people to rebel", which is a heroic legend against feudal tyranny.

3. Characters and corresponding typical plots and personality characteristics:

Lu (Flower Monk): Defending Kansai with heavy punches, uprooting weeping willows, causing havoc in wild pig forests, hating evil, being chivalrous and awe-inspiring, cautious, wise and brave, and being open-minded.

Song Wu (Walker): Pan Jinlian, Blood Blade, Ximen Qing, Jiang Menshen, Fei Yunpu, Yuanyang Building, Chisenti Pede Ridge, advocating loyalty, courage and wit, revenge and kindness, are the most bloody and legendary figures among the heroes in the lower class.

Wu Yong (Zhi Duo Xing): resourceful and resourceful, outsmart the birth class.

Lin Chong (Leopard Head): He broke into the White Tiger Hall, the temple of Fengxue Mountain and the burning forage field, and went to Liangshan on a snowy night. He was brave and resourceful, but disciplined, and was driven to Liangshan.

Li Kui (Black Whirlwind): The true and false Li Kui jy, who robbed the court in Zhongzhou, hates evil, is chivalrous, has a hot temper, is simple-minded, straightforward and upright.

Song Jiang (timely rain): Let Chao Gai go privately, kill Yan Poxi angrily, and fight Zhujiazhuang bravely and make good use of people, but always want to win over.

Yang Zhi (green-faced beast): Yang Zhi is smart, tenacious and arrogant in selling knives and outwitting the birth class.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. The characters are vivid and vivid.

2. This book adopts the chain structure of dividing first and then combining, which makes the stories of the novel interlocking, with numerous and clear clues.

In language, the novel is written in ancient vernacular, so the language description in this book is vivid and vivid.

Seven, "camel Xiangzi"

1. Masterpiece background: The author Lao She, formerly known as Shu Qingchun and Lao She Yu, Manchu, a famous modern writer and novelist in China, is a "people's artist". Camel Xiangzi is a novel.

2. Main content: This book tells the story of an ordinary rickshaw driver, Xiangzi, who experienced three ups and downs in order to realize his dream of owning a car, and finally lost confidence in life, gave up on himself and degenerated.

3. Characters and corresponding typical plots and personality characteristics:

Xiangzi: After coming to Beijing from the countryside, he chose to pull a rickshaw. He tried hard to realize his biggest dream-owning his own car, but he fell behind three times. His hopes were dashed again and again, and his struggle with fate ended in failure.

Personality: honest, strong, persistent, self-respecting and diligent; Numb, down and out, cunning, taking advantage, eating, drinking, whoring and gambling, giving up on yourself.

Tigress: The garage worker is bold in pursuing Xiangzi. He is bold, provocative and a little abnormal.

Si Liu: Cruel and bossy.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. Through the change of Xiangzi, he criticized this dark society mercilessly.

This novel shows us a striking figure painting and a world picture with strong old Beijing flavor.

3. He is good at mobilizing all kinds of techniques to shape characters, and has a strong artistic appeal.

4. Make creative use of Beijing residents' spoken language to make popular and simple language vivid, fresh, lively and powerful, with national style and local characteristics.

5, reading experience: what kind of society makes what kind of people, in a muddy and dark society, it is very important to have a noble heart. Even if a person has a dream for him to work hard for, he can't do it without firm belief, and will eventually become a scum in society.

Eight, "Gulliver's travels"

1, representative background: Author Jonathan? Swift,/kloc-The best satirist and political critic in Britain in the early 8th century.

2. Main content: This book tells the story that Gulliver, a British ship doctor, was stranded in Lilliputian, Adult, Feidao and Malaysia due to shipwreck and other reasons.

3, the main plot and corresponding meaning:

A. Describe the party struggle in Lilliput, and divide the camps according to the heel height. In fact, the "high-following party" and the "low-following party" conspire for power and profit, which is a dig at the two major political parties in Britain. Telling the story of Lilliputian Lilliputian fighting with neighboring countries is an allusion to the successive wars between Britain and France at that time.

B Gulliver's smug introduction in the country of Great Britain raised doubts. Great Britain has a primitive system and simple folk customs. They believe that the history of Britain in the past hundred years is full of "greed, partisanship, hypocrisy, treachery, cruelty, anger, madness, resentment, jealousy, lust, sinister and ambition" and its consequences.

C. In the third volume of the novel, through the description of five countries including Feidao, I expressed my doubts about modern science and technology and severely condemned colonial rule.

D. the fourth volume shows the grotesque phenomenon of inversion of man and beast in a wanton style. In this utopian country, the horse is the carrier of reason, while the humanoid "wild fox" is an evil and dirty beast. Gulliver's dialogue with Hui Jian became a merciless lash to the "human" society.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. The novel is full of strange imagination and fairy tale color.

2. Bitter, sharp and profound satire is the soul of this novel.

The satire in the novel contains some pessimistic views on human nature and human society, but behind the sharp pessimistic attitude, there is a bitter and eager feeling of worrying about the world.

The author of the novel comments on the present situation of his country through his own travel notes and the eyes of outsiders.

Nine, Robinson Crusoe

1. Literary background: Defoe, a famous British writer.

2. Main content: This book mainly tells the vivid story that Robinson, born in a merchant family, ventured out to sea, was thrown to a desert island by the waves, and spent 28 years alone there.

3. Characters and corresponding typical plots and personality characteristics:

Robinson: I built my own house, tried hunting, planted millet, domesticated goats, dried wild raisins, groped for tables and chairs, made pottery, made bread with scarf screens, rescued and trained a savage "Friday" and made him a loyal servant. In this way, he established his own material and spiritual "kingdom" on a desert island.

Personality: Dare to take risks and pursue a free and unrestrained life. Facing the difficulties of life, Robinson's actions show his tenacious character and heroic nature, and reflect the creative spirit and pioneering spirit of the emerging bourgeoisie.

4, writing characteristics: 1, the story is wonderful and bizarre.

2. The novel shows Robinson's character of daring to take risks and pursuing a free and unrestrained life.

3. The novel's description of Robinson's life on a desert island is realistic and natural, which shows the author's extraordinary imagination and artistic expression.

4. The whole novel adopts the first-person narrative, and the plots are completely connected through the confessions of the characters.

The language of this novel is clear, simple and vivid.

5. Reading experience: In the face of difficulties and suffering, a person can survive in suffering as long as he has a firm belief, an optimistic heart and a calm heart.

X. "stars? spring

1. Representative background: The author Bing Xin, formerly known as Xie Wanying, is from Changle, Fujian. His main works are Stars, Springs and For Young Readers.

The Star is a collection of poems, consisting of 164 short poems. Bing Xin believed in "the philosophy of love" all her life, and she thought that "with love, there is everything". In the Stars, she kept praising love.

"Spring Water" is a companion piece of "Stars", which consists of 182 short poems. It was also published in the morning paper first, but the spring water came out three months later than the stars.

2. Main content: Spring with Stars was written by Bing Xin under the influence of India, especially Tagore's Birds. They generally include three aspects: first, praise for maternal love and innocence, second, worship and praise for nature, and third, thinking and understanding of life.

3. Writing characteristics:

In the Stars, she kept praising love. What she loves to praise most is maternal love. Bing Xin not only loves her parents, but also cherishes brotherhood. She loves her three younger brothers. Bing Xin praised maternal love, human love and childlike innocence. At the same time, she also praised nature, especially the sea she was familiar with as a child. Praising nature, childlike innocence and maternal love has become the eternal theme of Bing Xin's life creation.

In Spring Water, although Bing Xin is still praising maternal love, affection, childlike innocence and nature, she has used more space to implicitly express the troubles and anguish of herself and her generation of young intellectuals. She tells her feelings in a gentle and sad tone, while exploring the meaning of life and expressing her desire to know the true face of the world.

XI。 How the Steel Was Tempered

1. Masterpiece background: ostrovsky, a famous writer in the former Soviet Union.

2, the main content: this book is based on the protagonist Paul? Kochakin's life experience as a clue shows the vast historical picture of Soviet Russia and the people's hard struggle life from 19 15 to 1930.

3. Characters and corresponding typical plots and personality characteristics:

Paul. Kochakin: I used to be a child laborer, and I was tortured and insulted at the lowest level of society since I was a child. Later, under the influence of Zhu, he gradually embarked on the revolutionary road. After that, he experienced a series of life challenges and made himself stronger and stronger. Even when the injury mercilessly took away his health and forced him to lie in the hospital bed, he still did not give in to fate, but wrote with tenacious perseverance and practiced his life oath in another way. The spirit of dedication to the ideal, the iron will and the noble quality of tenacious struggle.

4. Writing characteristics: 1. This is a novel full of lofty idealism.

2. Successfully shaped Paul? Kochakin, proletarian hero.

3. The characters in the novel are mainly narrated and described, interspersed with inner monologues, letters and diaries, aphorisms, etc., which make the characters flesh and blood.

4. The description of scenery, psychology and environment in the novel is also excellent, with concise and beautiful language and expressive force.

Twelve. childhood

1. Masterpiece background: Gorky, a famous writer in the former Soviet Union.

2. Main content: This book vividly reproduces the living conditions of Russian working people from 65,438 to 70' s and 80' s in 2009 by telling the story of Alessa's childhood from three to ten years old.

3. Characters and corresponding typical plots and personality characteristics:

Aletha: Listening to grandma's story, as well as the "good things" of optimistic and simple Zokan, honest old worker grigori and intellectuals who devoted themselves to science, all gave Aletha strength and help, which enabled him to maintain his courage and confidence in life in a dark and dirty environment and gradually grow into a strong, brave, upright and caring person.

Grandma: Just like a bright light brightens Aletha's sensitive and lonely heart, she often tells him some folk stories that sympathize with the poor and praise justice and light. Kindness, intelligence, ability, love of life, broad-minded and tolerant.

Grandpa: I often beat my grandmother and children. For example, Alexei was beaten unconscious by him because he dyed a piece of cloth. Cruel exploitation of workers, hiding usury, encouraging helpers to steal. Mean, greedy, bossy and cruel.

4. Writing characteristics: It makes people feel sad but not heavy, making people see light in darkness, kindness in evil, the light of humanity in ruthlessness, and the great power of people to overcome tragic fate in a tragic atmosphere.