The Dutch landed in Mauritius on 1638. Why did the Dutch give up Mauritius at 17 10?

The Republic of Mauritius is located in the southwest of the Indian Ocean, about 900 kilometers east of Madagascar, the largest island in Africa, and 2,200 kilometers from the African continent. In addition to the main island of Mauritius, its territory also includes Cagado's Scalajos Islands, Rodrigues Island and agalega islands. Mauritius island, Rodrigues Island and French reunion island, 200 kilometers southwest of mauritius island, make up the Musklin Islands. The main island of Mauritius covers an area of 1.865 square kilometers (Chongming Island covers an area of 1.229 square kilometers), and the capital is Port Louis.

There are no indigenous people in Mauritius, and the population now consists of various races: Indians, Africans, China and French. The main languages in Mauritius are Mauritian Creole, French and English. English is the official language, but Creole and French in Mauritius are the main circulating languages. Newspapers and TV programs are also mainly in French. In addition, Asian languages are also welcomed by Asians.

Mauritius island used to be the only dodo habitat in the world, but less than 80 years after European colonists came to Mauritius, they were hunted to extinction by colonists. This extinct dodo has now become the "national bird" of Mauritius.

1507, the Portuguese sailed to Mauritius and established a base. About 15 1 1 years ago, the Portuguese navigator diogo Fernandez Pereira Diego Fernandez Pereira landed in Mauritius. He may be the first European to land on the island. 1598, Dutch admiral Wybrand van Wallvik landed in today's Dagang area (southeast of Mau Island) and named the island Mauritius to commemorate Maric of Nassau, the then Dutch ruler and son of silent prince William. But it was not until 1638 that the Dutch began to colonize Mauritius, which lasted only 20 years. After that, the Dutch colonized several times, but the benefits were very small. 17 10, the Dutch gave up Mauritius, but they introduced sugarcane, livestock and deer to Mauritius. It is worth mentioning that the navigator abel tasman set sail from Mauritius and discovered Western Australia.

17 15 French occupied Mauritius and changed its name to ile-de-france. Prior to this, the French occupied neighboring reunion island. From then until 1767, ile-de-france was managed by the French East India Company. From 65438 to 0735, Bertrand-Franois Mahé de la Bourdonnet, the newly appointed governor, began to develop sugar cultivation in ile-de-france, making Port Louis a center of navigation and shipbuilding. In addition, many existing Mauritian buildings were also built during La Bourdonnet's tenure.

18 10 On August 20 -27, France was defeated by Britain in the Battle of Dagang. 18 10 On February 3, the surrender condition was that Britain allowed local colonists to keep their land and property and continue to use France. French law was used in civil and criminal trials. After Britain took over the island, its name was restored to mauritius island. (Remember that Portugal, the Netherlands, France and Britain occupied it respectively)

From 65438 to 0835, the first British Governor of Mauritius in Port Louis was Robert Farquhar, who brought about changes in Mauritius' economic model and social changes. 1835 slavery was abolished in Mauritius. Plantation owners accepted 2 million pounds as compensation for the liberation of slaves-these slaves were trafficked from the African continent and Madagascar during French rule. The abolition of slavery had an important impact on the changes of local socio-economic and demographic structure, and plantation owners turned to India and other parts of Asia to introduce labor. From 1834 to 192 1, about 500,000 laborers came to Mauritius to work in sugarcane planting, manufacturing, transportation and construction. In addition, Britain also brought 8740 Indian soldiers.

Indian workers mainly come from Calcutta, Madras and Mumbai. 172 1 year, the first batch of workers came from Bangladesh and Chile, mostly Bangladeshis and Tamils. A large number of Hindus come from Bihar and Uttar Pradesh in India. Since then, China businessmen have come to Mauritius. Today, there are still more than 30,000 descendants of Qing immigrants in Mauritius. Most of them are from Meixian County, Guangdong Province, and they are still used to calling the capital Port Louis "Lei Bo" (Cantonese transliteration of Port Louis).

With the increasing population of India, the political and economic rights of Mauritius began to shift from French Mauritians and Mauritian Creoles to Indian Mauritians. Sugar planting is booming, and sugar produced in Mauritius is continuously imported into Britain. Economic development has also brought about the development of communication and the improvement of infrastructure.

1967 After the general election, Mauritius adopted a new constitution to get rid of British colonial rule and declared its independence in March 1968. 19911February, Mauritius amended its constitution and declared Mauritius as the United Kingdom.

The geological age of Mauritius is relatively young, which was formed by volcanic eruption about 8 million years ago. Mauritius is about 2000 kilometers (1.242 miles) from the east coast of Africa and 8800 kilometers from Shanghai, China. It is located at 65,438+09 degrees 50 minutes to 20 degrees 32 minutes south latitude (the distance from the equator is similar to that of Hainan Island in China) and 57 degrees 65,438+08 minutes to 57 degrees 46 minutes east longitude (4 hours time difference with China). The longest distance in mauritius island is 65 kilometers from east to west and 45 kilometers from north to south, with a total area of about 1865 square kilometers. There are150km white beaches along the coastline of Mauritius, and the whole island is surrounded by the third largest coral group in the world (remember this geological phenomenon). There are many small islands, reefs and coral reefs near the main island of Mauritius.

Mauritius has a tropical climate, but it is influenced by the southeast trade winds. May to 1 1 month is winter, which is warm and dry; 1 1 May is summer, hot and humid. Temperatures in coastal areas range from 22 degrees Celsius in winter to 34 degrees Celsius in summer. The temperature of seawater varies from 22 degrees Celsius in winter to 27 degrees Celsius in summer. The maximum daytime temperature in central Mauritius ranges from 19℃ in August to 26℃ in February. The west and north of the island are warmer and drier than the east and south. The annual precipitation 1500-3500mm is mostly affected by anticyclones from May to September, and10-April is sometimes affected by tropical cyclones.

The environment in Mauritius is typical of tropical beaches and mountainous forests. Seasonal cyclones can cause damage to animals and plants, but they will recover quickly. Mauritius is one of the countries with the best air quality in the world, ranking second in the global air quality ranking published by the World Health Organization.

Due to historical factors, the ethnic composition of Mauritius population is diverse, among which Indian Mauritians are the majority, accounting for 68% of the population, followed by Creoles (27%), Chinese Mauritians (3%), French Mauritians (2%) and Europeans (0.5%).

Most Mauritians communicate in Mauritian Creole, English or French, and change languages as appropriate.

The sugar cane fields and Lempart Mountain in Mauritius account for 90% of the cultivated land in Mauritius, and the export of sucrose accounts for 1/4 of Mauritius' foreign exchange income.

The currency of Mauritius is the Mauritian rupee, and the current exchange rate is about: 1 USD =30 gross rupees, that is, 1 RMB is about 5 rupees.

Let me sum up and reflect on our trip to Mauritius.

Take your luggage (what you want to take will be discussed later). On the evening of July 2nd, we boarded Mao Airlines flight MK689 at Pudong Airport. It took off at 22:45, lasting 1 1 hour, flying over several provinces in southern China, entering Vietnam, Cambodia, the Gulf of Thailand and the South China Sea isthmus of Thailand, and passing over Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Mauritius is a visa-free country to travel to China, just fly to landing visa. When you leave the airport, according to the number of rupees you need for your trip, go to the bank with the highest quotation to exchange dollars. Here's a reminder: when you get off the plane, try to pick up your luggage. Find a high-priced home (generally 29.2-30) before changing, or the bank at the airport will reduce the price if there are more people changing. Our family of four changed 2000 rupees, which is basically enough for us to spend six days. Remember to prepare change of about $20 to pay a small fee.

We booked round-trip air tickets and hotels through a trip to Jinjiang in China, and the children booked a small package (affordable) of Rainbow Travel Agency opened by local Chinese online. Celine Sawyer, the tour guide of the travel agency, is a warm girl from Inner Mongolia with thoughtful service (I have her contact information). Nowadays, many China people travel to Mauritius. Many people like to live in the west and north of Mau Island, which is a relatively mature tourist area with many scenic spots. This time, we stayed in a five-star residential hotel on the east coast. This hotel is relatively new, and there are not many people in China (where there are many people in China, ……, you know). The facilities are good, facing the sea, there is a beach, there is a fresh water swimming pool by the sea, and the service staff is warm and polite. Say hello at the meeting, but the dining area is a little inaccessible. GINI, the translator of this hotel, is from Meizhou, Guangdong. She married Mauritius in 2003. She is also a very enthusiastic girl. You can ask her questions. As far as my feelings are concerned, I think it is worthwhile to stay in this hotel. On the plane back home, a China tourist who stayed in a star-rated hotel not far away told us about her experience of being stolen in the hotel: going out to play during the day and coming back at night, she found that the cash in the hotel room was missing a few dollars, euros and RMB, totaling more than 10,000 RMB; I went to a SPA and found that I was short of more than 10 thousand RMB, so I couldn't breathe. I called the police, and then I informed the Embassy of China and asked the hotel to pay full compensation. Reminder: Before going out to play every day, pack and lock your more important items, bring cash, and put 1 USD on the bedside table as a tip for the waiter, not rupees!

7.3. On the day of arrival, rest in the hotel, get used to the environment, and go to the restaurant for breakfast buffet in the morning. I found that the staple food of hairballs seems to be bread. The bread in the buffet breakfast is still soft and meaningful, and the fruits are all imported. Bacon tastes good, slightly hard. There will be many birds picking up crumbs around you at breakfast, which is very interesting. Dinner is free. The bread for dinner is salty and hard bread balls or French bread sticks. Cold boiled water is available all year round. I don't feel like drinking. Some dishes are not delicious. After breakfast, I went surfing and playing with sand on the beach. There are many reclining chairs on the beach, sunbathing, swimming in the swimming pool (the water is not cold at noon in winter), and going to the sea in front of the hotel at noon for a "submarine walk" to experience stepping on corals and watching tropical fish. Sitting in the hotel lobby at night, the lobby is ventilated and there is a bar next to it. Listening to the music coming from inside, it is very comfortable to have a rest. It's a little different from China. Room broadband is free, and opening WIFI costs 1200 rupees! We brought a notebook and ipad, and inserted a mini WIFI in the notebook, so that the WeChat of the mobile phone can be sent and received. You can buy a local calling card by phone, and it only takes about one minute to make a domestic call to 2 yuan. But remember that Hairball is four hours later than China, and you can't call China at six or seven in the evening!

7.4. At six o'clock in the morning, the driver sent by Rainbow Travel Agency arrived at the hotel and took our family to the Dolphin Bay on the west coast of Maodao. I sat in the co-pilot seat until I left Maodao. I have been a driver for more than ten years, and I am not used to the traffic rules of driving on the left, so I don't have to try to rent a car and drive by myself! The tour guide put us on the speedboat, and after only one kilometer, we saw many dolphins swimming in the water. Beautiful! After seeing it, we drove to a shallow sea a few kilometers away. Everyone took off their coats, put on their swimsuits (swimsuits should be put on in advance), put on goggles and breathing tubes, go snorkeling in the sea and see corals and tropical fish. Beautiful! Finally, I went to an island and had a barbecue cooked by sailors. It was absolutely delicious! On my way back to the hotel, I went to a shopping mall to buy milk powder. You can buy more milk powder, which is much cheaper than domestic ones, and you don't worry about quality problems. In the evening, the original driver sent it back to the hotel for dinner.

7.5. I was a little tired yesterday and the hotel had a rest. After breakfast, we went to Belle Mare town near the hotel, where there are several shops of Armani and the boss. The price of clothes is about 1/3 in China, and we bought several pieces (remember: you can get a tax refund if you buy more than 3,000 rupees in Maoqiu 15%). Then go to the small supermarket opened by Chinese to buy lighters. The grinding wheel lighters in the hotel supermarket are 40 rupees each. Here you are, 15 rupees to buy a bigger one. Buy a bottle of "rum" (37 degrees), a bottle of 100 rupees. Eating and drinking are addictive, and the wine in the hotel is extra. On the first night, I ordered a cup of "Long Island Mood", which is a blended rum, one or two rum, with ice and coke, 400 rupees, quite expensive! Many products of Maoqiu are imported, and some foods are not suitable for China people's tastes. For example, the taste of instant noodles is far less than that of "Master Kong" (of course, "Master Kong" may have added a lot of bad things). If you go from China, you can bring some instant noodles to facilitate rice and adjust the taste. In particular, there is no need to bring domestic cigarettes. Mao Qiunan smokes a lot, but he usually buys one or two cigarettes and gives him one. They are very happy. Mao Qiu's ordinary cigarettes cost more than 100 rupees a pack, and they are generally reluctant to buy them. Then serve pure milk-flavored Shanghai white rabbit toffee and give the waitress a candy or two. They are also happy. Of course, it is also good to bring a few boxes of cool oil as gifts.

7.6. In the morning, the driver sent by the travel agency took us to Blue Bay in the south of the island. On the road, I saw flowering plants all over the mountain and thought they were reeds. The driver Uda said "sugarcane" in Chinese, which really scared me. I only know that his English is good, but he knows Chinese? ! It turns out that Yutian is a top driver and tour guide of Rainbow Travel Agency, and the young man is nice. He immediately stopped at the roadside and gave us a cane, which was sweet, but it was hard to chew. Passing a bridge in the Grand Canyon, he stopped again and introduced that it was built by 1800. I also went to a history museum and saw some Ming and Qing porcelains and an old map of Mauritius. This old map solved one of my big questions: the seaside of Maoqiu is very calm, and the waves in the distance are very high, but the waves can't reach nearby. It turns out that there are coral reefs around the island, which block the waves. Before long, I arrived at Blue Bay, where the water was extremely blue. I took a glass-bottomed boat into the bay, snorkeling in the water first, feeding the fish bread, and getting in close contact with tropical fish in the sea. It was amazing. The tour guide said that there are no sharks in the sea here, and coral reefs block them, so big ships can't get in, so only the capital port Louis can get in. This is a long experience. Then get on the boat and see all kinds of corals and tropical fish on the seabed through the glass. The scenery is good! Went to the nearby Dalang Bay for sightseeing. It was almost 7 pm when I got back to Reston. My daughter felt embarrassed and gave Uda a tip of 200 rupees. Yutian is very grateful.

7.7. The arrangement of this day is a small mistake in our travel strategy. In the morning, we went to the "Bird Park" on the east coast, where we stayed for more than three hours. We only see a big bat called "fruit bat", which is similar to birds, then parrots, elephant turtles, ostriches and zebras in cars. It doesn't make sense. It's best to spend a day visiting Port Louis. Then, we came to Port Louis, and first visited Fort Hill, which was used as a prison during the colonial period of Mau Qiu. The scenery here is good, overlooking the whole port Louis city. At noon, after eating in a Chinese restaurant, I started shopping. The central market in Port Louis is a famous shopping place, much like the City God Temple in Shanghai. There are many things with national characteristics, so shopping here must be absolutely cut. The driver mentioned earlier, Yutian, hit it off with us. Today, when he arrived in Port Louis, he arranged for his guests to play by themselves and go shopping with us. With him as a local, bargaining is even crazier! My daughter wanted to bring something special and took a fancy to the Indian shawl. The merchant quoted a piece of 1.750 rupees, and we want to buy 14 pieces. After Uda conveyed our intention with the local voice, my daughter bargained fiercely with the merchants and finally bought 14 shawl for 3000 rupees. People who know how to buy things can calculate how much the bargain is here. Here is the same sentence. To play with hairballs, you must at least know English. Individuals can also arrange words in Chinese. ...

7.8, I'm going back to China today. In the morning, I went to town to buy some clothes. At noon, I went to the sea in front of the hotel to play free snorkeling and watched the underwater world again. When packing, I found that the three suitcases and two backpacks I took with me couldn't take the things I bought, so I went to the service desk and asked for a big carton and tape to hold the milk powder (oh, it's best to have a compass and a map when playing, and ask the service desk directly for the map). When you arrive at the airport, remember: queue up at the counter to get tickets, not from the machine, so that you can get the seat number you want (A and H are in the window position). Smoking is prohibited at the airport. If you are addicted, you should cross your feet outside and then go in. During the waiting period after the security check, you can exchange money at the designated window with the tax refund invoice for shopping. If the purchase exceeds 3000 rupees, you can get a tax refund of 15%. You can visit supermarkets and bars, and the prices are quite expensive. 10:55 Maohang MK688 took off. Go to sleep quickly. It was three o'clock in the morning in China, and it was dawn soon. It flew 1 1 hour and arrived at Pudong airport at 2 pm on July 9, ending this magical trip to Mauritius.