Problems of Ice and Snow Tourism Accommodation Current Situation of Ice and Snow Tourism

1. Current situation of ice and snow tourism

A: Opening hours of Ice and Snow World 2023:

It was put into trial operation on February 25th, 2022, and officially opened to the public on the opening day of the Ice and Snow Festival on October 5th, 2023.

Harbin Ice and Snow World, Harbin Sun Island Snow Expo and Harbin Zhao Lin Park Ice Lantern Expo have become Harbin's business cards, winter ice and snow tourism and the most beautiful scenery in Harbin in winter.

2. Investigation on the current situation of ice and snow tourism

It's almost three months since winter.

3. Analysis of the current situation of ice and snow tourism

Ice and snow industry is a special resource-based industry formed on the basis of the development of ice and snow resources, with wide coverage and huge industrial chain. In the future, this paper divides China's ice and snow industry into three categories: ice and snow service industry, ice and snow supplies and related products manufacturing industry and ice and snow field facilities construction industry.

Among them, the ice and snow service industry is the core of the ice and snow industry, mainly including the operation of ice and snow venues, ice and snow competition services, mass ice and snow sports and training, ice and snow tourism and so on. The ice and snow service industry has a pyramid structure, including the competitive performances of ice and snow elites at the top of the tower and the ice and snow leisure sports of ordinary people at the top of the tower.

The upstream of the ice and snow industry chain includes ice and snow field buildings, ice and snow field equipment parts, etc. The middle reaches mainly include the operation and management of ice and snow venues, ice and snow competition services, mass ice and snow sports and training, and ice and snow tourism. Downstream reaches distribution and marketing channels, and finally reaches consumers who participate in ice and snow industry activities.

4. The present situation and development of ice and snow tourism

Advantages: rich resources, high value, good geographical combination and cluster status. The unique sub-frigid coniferous forest belt, which is widely distributed and sparsely populated, is a wonderful work of magical exploration. Watch the bears that haunt kamchatka peninsula and capture beautiful moments; Ice and snow, skiing competition, skiing experience; Investigate the clarity of Lake Baikal; Visit important industrial bases.

Disadvantages: high latitude, low temperature and sparse population in North Asia: therefore, the travel time is short, the regional reception capacity is insufficient, and the ecological environment is fragile.

5. Research on the development status and countermeasures of ice and snow tourism.

Conditions for developing ice and snow tourism in Zhangjiakou. First of all, Zhangjiakou has a short frost-free period and the dam lasts less than 90 days. It snows heavily. It is a natural ice and snow resort. Ice and snow tourism develops in a unique way.

Second, it is not far from Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang, and it takes less than half a day to drive. And high-speed rail, direct flights.

The legacy of the third Winter Olympics is unparalleled. Developing ice and snow tourism is the best choice.

6. Ice and Snow Tourism Development Report

The traditional ice and snow sports culture in China has a long history, which is the basic component of the excellent culture of the Chinese nation.

Beijing and Zhangjiakou both won the right to host the 2022 Winter Olympics in order to systematically and deeply study and spread the traditional American ice and snow sports culture in China.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that culture is the soul of a country and a nation. Revitalize the country with culture, and strengthen the country with culture. Without a high degree of cultural self-confidence and cultural prosperity, there will be no great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. On the occasion of hosting the Winter Olympics, we will explore the basic situation and value of China, provide reference for the development of traditional ice and snow sports culture in China, spread the excellent traditional culture of China in China, and expand the influential sports culture in China.

7. What is the new trend of ice and snow tourism development?

Taking culture as the traction and the Winter Olympics as the opportunity, we will promote the integrated development of ice and snow sports and other industries, further improve the service quality and product richness of ice and snow tourism, and let more consumers get satisfaction in participating in ice and snow sports and ice and snow leisure, thus providing new kinetic energy for the long-term sustainable development of ice and snow economy.

Ice and snow tourism

The colder the weather, the hotter the ice and snow! Enjoy the snow scene in the ice and snow, feel the passion of ice and snow on skis, and experience the ice and snow culture in the land of ice and snow. In winter, people's American enthusiasm for ice and snow is once again recognized.

According to the report released by Meituan Research Institute, although the scale of ice and snow tourism in China is constantly expanding, it also presents some new features: First, the consumption content is expanded to a variety of formats, and ice and snow tourism is rapidly integrated with cultural tourism and sports tourism; Second, tourism projects such as ice and snow parks and ice and snow worlds are more favored by consumers. Post-80s and post-90s have become the main force of ice and snow tourism consumption; Third, consumers pay more attention to network evaluation when choosing ice and snow tourist destinations, and put forward higher requirements for the service level of scenic spots. According to the data released by Mahoneycomb Travel Network, in addition to the traditional ice and snow tourist destinations such as Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang, the ice and snow tourism projects in Sichuan, Hunan and Guangdong provinces are also widely concerned.

In order to promote the healthy development of ice and snow tourism, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, the Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee and the State Sports General Administration recently issued the Notice on Launching National Ice and Snow Tourism Promotion Activities, proposing to further prosper and build the domestic winter ice and snow tourism market.

8. Development Status of Ice and Snow Tourism

The rapid development of skiing tourism in China benefits from China's great achievements in world competitions at the beginning of skiing. People's awareness of sports has improved, and popularizing skiing is the dream of most people!

9. Research Status of Ice and Snow Tourism Abroad

First of all, in the development of tourism resources, people-oriented is emphasized. The resources on which tourism development depends are often closely related to local communities. How to develop these tourism resources, so that enterprises can get profits, communities can get income and governments can get taxes, is a very difficult problem all over the world. Foreign investors often ignore that local tourism revenue is concentrated in the hands of foreign investors and middlemen. On the other hand, tourism operators sell a large number of non-local products, which leads to the loss of community income and further losses to the local community economy. Greenwald Village in Bern, Switzerland, with an altitude of 1000 to 4,000m and an area of1000km2, has more than 4,000 residents. Tourism in this area has developed for 200 years. Studies since 1970s show that tourism may develop independently in a region for 20 years, but only by establishing real ties with local residents can it develop sustainably. This is the reason why Greenland's tourism industry has been developing continuously for 200 years, that is, because there is an internal relationship between them. In other words, respecting local residents and involving local communities is an important embodiment of people-oriented in the sustainable development of tourism. Without people-oriented writing, the development of tourism resources often faces an unsustainable embarrassing situation. In the tourism development along the Alps, there are many examples of respecting the community and putting people first. But at the same time, in this area, because of a large number of foreign investments, some places cut off the connection between local tourism and rural communities, leading to the decline and depression of tourism.

Pay attention to the convenience and safety of a series of infrastructure such as tourism and transportation. Just like our country, Switzerland, attaches importance to the highway connecting every village, which is a railway between countries. The public transport system consisting of railways, postal buses, sightseeing cable cars and cruise ships covers almost all the cities and scenic spots in Switzerland. Train departure and stop time is accurate. As a comprehensive service center, the train city is known as the train city, providing tourists with various information and services about Swiss trains, buses and cruise ships. Visitors can book train sleepers or sleepers in other European countries, go through the formalities of boarding the return plane or checking their luggage, exchange money, store their luggage, rent bicycles and roller skating tools, etc. All the trains are bright and colorful, which makes tourists feel fresh. The train runs smoothly, with advanced facilities, soft and comfortable seats, air conditioning and smoking and non-smoking areas. The tour bus is equipped with TV, satellite positioning system and toilet. During the long journey, tourists can take it conveniently and comfortably. Whether trains, buses or cable cars, large glass windows are often used to ensure that tourists can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the roadside conveniently.

In tourism, catering and accommodation, the emphasis is on cleanliness, hygiene and comfort. Every hotel where we stayed and every restaurant and shop where we ate were clean and tidy. Even some small restaurants can let people enjoy its delicious food, especially the toilets. Many restaurants' toilets, whether in the basement or on the ground or upstairs, we found that the toilets were not wet at all, with bright light, clean and tidy interiors and no peculiar smell. There are ashtrays, hand sanitizers, clean paper towels for wiping hands, and containers for storing dirty paper towels in appropriate places. This environment makes all toilet users have a natural love and respect for toilets. This may be what many star-rated hotels in China should learn.

In addition, although Switzerland's panoramic sightseeing model can be more or less experienced in many places in China, the difference is its service. Panoramic sightseeing spots are usually located in high mountain areas. In such a cold area, it is not enough to pay attention to the instant satisfaction of sightseeing. Therefore, in Switzerland, these places are properly equipped with warm and comfortable dining facilities and indoor sightseeing facilities, so that people can experience the polar scenery and feel inhuman discomfort such as loneliness and cold.

In international tourism services, we should attach importance to transnational cultural research and capacity building. Swiss tourism adheres to an open attitude and recognizes the differences between foreign culture and domestic culture; Clarify the differences between people and the needs under different cultural backgrounds; Emphasize learning cross-cultural skills (skills), and pay attention to adopting different reception methods according to whether you have special habits and preferences. Swiss scholars believe that when traveling, we should always ask ourselves, what do guests really want? We should fully consider the differences and characteristics between different cultures, in other words, we should be interested in other countries and take the initiative to study them. For example, when promoting tourism to China, Switzerland emphasized that adaptation measures must be taken in accordance with the interests of the people of China. In view of the characteristics of China and Indians, the latter is more willing to spend money on accommodation, while the former is more willing to shop. Therefore, in the hotel positioning, Indian tourists emphasize the comfortable service of the hotel, while China people mainly emphasize the perfect function of the hotel. This is an example.

Emphasize understanding and improving tourism services from the perspective of tourists. In the analysis of specific problems, it is necessary to emphasize the opinions of tourists and front-line tourism service providers on tourism, analyze the root causes of the problems from subtle points, study countermeasures, ensure that tourism services improve their preferences and satisfaction because of tourists, and truly realize the goal of humanization of tourism.

Emphasize the passion and confidence of practitioners in tourism services. Swiss counterparts believe that in the development of tourism, tourism practitioners and managers should have heartfelt passion and confidence. Only in this way can guests understand and feel the enthusiasm of the people in the tourist destination from the perspective of human nature, and can they really do a good job in tourism.

On the surface, tourism products provided by different countries may be the same in types and reception of tourists, but their specific processes and details are completely different, so tourists will have different feelings, and the key to these differences is the people-oriented concept and humanized service. As far as Sichuan is concerned, although we are committed to product development, compared with the demand of the international tourism market, we still lack too many tourism services. Therefore, at present, while vigorously promoting inbound tourism in our province, we should fully study transnational culture, study the service needs and interests of international guests, improve facilities, strengthen the detailed service interests, habits and international standards of tourism, comprehensively improve the added value of tourism products and promote the sustainable development of eco-tourism.

(This article was originally published from 0755 to 79000 in 2005)

-Contingency and innovative management are the fundamental means for the sustainable development of tourism.

The environment is always changing. As a special comprehensive industry, tourism is always influenced by society, politics and military affairs. Therefore, when developing tourism, European countries such as Switzerland pay special attention to the ability training of tourism emergency management in view of possible situations. Emergency management is not only the management of emergencies, but also the response to the development trend of tourism. Swiss counterparts believe that any change may be an opportunity for tourism and a re-examination and judgment of the past. For example, in the first half of 2005, the Lucerne region of Switzerland experienced the baptism of floods. At the same time, if we can, if we don't take appropriate measures and manage emergencies, Switzerland's tourism industry may be affected by the consequences of the flood. Therefore, after the flood stayed in Lucerne for nearly a week, the tourism department and the Lucerne government actively took corresponding measures. On the one hand, they carried out some project activities such as watching water, on the other hand, they carried out correct flood treatment and dynamic publicity, which achieved the expected purpose.

Switzerland is a country with a long history of tourism, and its tourism development is relatively stable. For Swiss tourism, change management does not seem to be the most urgent. However, it is precisely because of their mature tourism development and management that they have developed emergency management capabilities. For Sichuan, how to vigorously expand the international tourism market in the historical period of economic globalization is a new change management faced by Sichuan ecotourism. We will further study the comprehensive environment and future development of Sichuan tourism in combination with this investigation in Switzerland.

This is a tourist resource.

1. The highest mountain range in Europe is the Alps, with an average elevation of about 3000 meters. The mountains above 4000 meters are covered with huge glaciers, showing a polar scenery. It is a world-famous resort for recuperation, mountaineering, skiing and tourism. Countries located in the Alps, according to local conditions, use existing resources to develop tourism, attracting many tourists.

2. Norway, located in the west of Scandinavia, has a coastline of about 20,000 kilometers and many fjords. It is the longest and most tortuous country in the world. The fjords formed by glaciation are long, narrow and deep, and some go deep into the land for several kilometers, dozens of kilometers, or even one or two hundred kilometers. There are many cliffs on both sides, towering into the sky, becoming a scenic tourist area and natural harbor.

3. Most of western Europe has a temperate maritime climate, but on the Mediterranean coast, it has a Mediterranean climate, with hot and dry summers and mild and rainy winters. Therefore, in summer, the beaches along the Mediterranean coast are good places for people to spend their holidays.

1/3s in Norway is in the Arctic Circle, and the night from 18 to 14 is an eternal day. At midnight every day, a fireball just landed on the horizon, immediately rose and gave off dazzling light, attracting countless domestic and foreign tourists to watch the midnight sun, so Norway is called the country of midnight sunshine.

Iceland is an island country in the northwest of Europe. About 80 kilometers east of Reykjavik, its capital, Loka has a famous geyser. (Show pictures) Spray several times every hour, each time lasting about 4- 10 minutes. Every time it is sprayed, a hole (about 3 meters in diameter) in the pond will gush out hot water, which is blue-green. Then, with a loud noise, the bubbles churned and a boiling water column rushed into the air more than 22 meters high. The steam diffuses and hisses, and then the water jet gradually subsides until the next eruption.

Notre Dame de Paris: Notre Dame de Paris is located on the island of the Seine. It is a typical Gothic church, creating a new style in the history of European architecture. It is considered as one of the greatest artistic masterpieces in France. The whole building is made of stone, just as the French writer Hugo described the famous saying of Notre Dame de Paris: Symphony of Stones. The front of Notre Dame is a cube, angular and solemn. It can be divided into three layers from top to bottom. There are three peach-shaped doorways side by side at the bottom, and the arc around the doorways consists of several long series of reliefs, which represent either the story in the green land of abundance or the scene of hell. The main entrance of Notre Dame Cathedral is a rectangular cathedral. The main hall of the cathedral is higher than the annex buildings on both sides. Towering spire, 90 meters high. There is also a prismatic spire on the tower, with a slender cross at the top, which seems to be connected with the distant sky. Director 130m, with a width of 50m, can accommodate thousands of wooden chairs. Notre Dame de Paris has been a performance place for important events and ceremonies in French religious, political and public life for hundreds of years. Notre Dame de Paris is different from other scenic spots and can be visited for free, so tourists from home and abroad flock to it. (2)

2. The Colosseum in ancient Rome: one of the seven places of interest in the world, located in the south of Venice Square in Rome, Italy. It is the most outstanding representative of ancient Roman architecture and a symbol of the ancient Roman empire. The arena was built in 1 century. To commemorate the victory of destroying Jerusalem, 80,000 Jewish prisoners were forced to do hard labor for eight years. According to records, after its completion, 5,000 lions, tigers and 3,000 gladiators composed of slaves, prisoners and criminals continued to perform here for 100 days. The building area is 20,000 square meters, the perimeter is 527 meters, the outer diameter is 188 meters, the inner diameter is 156 meters, and the wall is 57 meters high, which can accommodate 87,000 people. The arena is made of light yellow boulders and divided into four floors. The first to third floors are decorated with semi-exposed columns, and there is an arch between every two columns. The fourth floor consists of rectangular windows and rectangular semi-exposed square columns, much like a modern oval playground, with multiple stands. Now, after nearly 2000 years of snow, rain and dew erosion, the city wall has collapsed by half, but the surrounding stands are quite well preserved. (2)

3. mermaid bronze statue: a famous bronze statue in Denmark, which is regarded as a symbol of Denmark. The bronze statue of mermaid stands in Copenhagen harbor. About the size of a human body, with beautiful long hair, a slightly shy face and affectionate eyes. She stared at the sea all day, waiting for something. It is carved according to the heroine in Andersen's fairy tales. ■ Fairy tale Bible. Mermaid's perfect artistic image and Andersen's charm American fairy tales attract thousands of tourists every year.

4. Eiffel Tower: The Eiffel Tower stands on the banks of the Seine and is a symbol of Paris. This tower was built to celebrate the 0/00th anniversary of the French Revolution/KLOC-at a cost of more than1000000 USD. And named after its designer gustave eiffel. The iron tower is not only a scenic spot, but also an interesting entertainment place. About 3.5 million people climb the tower every year. The whole tower is divided into three floors. Each floor has a large platform, surrounded by high railings. The heights of the platform are 57m,115m and 276m respectively. There are restaurants, shops and theaters on the platform. In addition, an audio-visual exhibition hall has been set up. Visitors can enjoy film and television programs introducing the history and architectural features of the tower, or enjoy the panoramic view of Paris from the platform on the third floor. Since 1950s, this tower has become the center of French radio and television, and it is one of the highest wireless transmission towers in the world.

5. Leaning Tower of Pisa: The Leaning Tower of Pisa belongs to the bell tower of Pisa Cathedral. 1 174 started construction and 1350 was completed. It is an eight-story cylindrical building. The tower is 54.5 meters high, the bottom of the tower wall is about 4 meters thick and the top is more than 2 meters thick. They are all made of marble and weigh 14200 tons. This is a template for Roman architecture. Due to the careless foundation of the tower, the tower tilted when it was built to the third floor. After completion, the center of the tower top deviates from the vertical centerline by 2. 1 m. For more than 600 years, this tower has been slowly tilting, so it is called the leaning tower. Why the Leaning Tower of Pisa is famous: It is said that in 1590, Galileo, a great Italian physicist, made a famous free-fall experiment on the Leaning Tower of Pisa, which made tourists from all over the world flock to see the style of the Leaning Tower. In order to protect this ancient pagoda, the pagoda was closed from 1990 to 65438+ 10. Visitors can only look up from the outside, not climb the pagoda.

6. Louvre: The Louvre is a French art museum, located on the Seine River in the center of Paris. Originally a medieval castle, it was rebuilt and expanded many times after16th century, and18th century formed its present scale. The Louvre, with more than 400,000 art treasures, is one of the most famous and largest art treasures in the world. This is really Wanbao's palace. Since 1932, the Louvre has been completely renovated and divided into seven parts: the ancient Greek and Roman culture department, the ancient oriental culture department, the ancient Egyptian culture department, the painting department, the sketch department, the sculpture department and the art department. Among the treasures collected, the three treasures in the palace (Venus, the goddess of victory Carney and Mona Lisa) are the most famous. Two million tourists visit the Louvre every year. (2)

7. Tower Bridge in London: Tower Bridge in London is one of the 28 bridges on the Thames, which was built from 1886 to 1894. It is named because the bridge body is connected by four towers. Whenever the great ship passes the Thames, the machines in the tower will move, and the bridge deck in the middle will split in two and slowly fold up; After the ship passed, it slowly descended again. The two movable bridge decks each weigh 1000 tons. Historically, Tower Bridge was called the main entrance to London. (2)

8. Arc de Triomphe: The Arc de Triomphe is located in the center of the central square in Paris. It was built by Napoleon to commemorate the defeat of the Russian-Austrian Coalition forces in the battle of 1805. The project was designed by Charles Grande, an engineering architect, and started on 1806, which lasted for 30 years and was completed on 1836. The Arc de Triomphe is about 50 meters high, 45 meters wide and 22 meters thick. It has doors on all sides, and the arch in the middle is about 15 meters wide. There are many exquisite carvings on the door, all of which are based on the French war history from 1792 to 18 15. The most prominent is the daughter of the famous sea carved on the stone pillar on the right 1920, the tomb of the unknown soldier was built under the city gate, and the tomb of the unknown soldier killed in World War I was buried. There is a burning lamp in front of the tomb, and people often offer red, white and blue flowers symbolizing the French flag. The Arc de Triomphe is equipped with an elevator, which can directly reach the arch 50 meters high, giving you a panoramic view of Paris.

9. Parthenon: The Parthenon is located in the center of the Acropolis Mountain in the old city of Athens, at the highest point of the mountain. Built from 447 BC to 438 BC, it is regarded as the pinnacle of Chilton architectural art and the national treasure of Greece. The hall is rectangular, about 70 meters long and 3 1 meter wide. There are 46 colonnades composed of Doric cylinders. The diameter of the column foot is 1.9m, and the height is about10.5m. Each column is made of 10- 12 pieces of marble, and the whole column is prismatic. The main building of the temple is two halls with six Doric stone pillars on each side. The east entrance hall leads to the inner hall, where there is a huge statue of Athena, the goddess of wisdom, about 12 meters high. The Parthenon and the statue of Athena were designed and created by the famous architect and sculptor phidias. After several natural and man-made disasters, the Parthenon now has only one shell lined with stone pillars. The disappearance of the statue of Athena has become a great regret in the history of world art.

European economy

The level of economic development in Europe ranks first among all continents. Industry, transportation, commerce and trade, finance and insurance, etc. occupation

Europe accounts for more than 30% of the world's coal and iron ore mining, and mercury and potassium salt account for more than 60% of the total mining. Its main industrial sectors are steel, machinery, chemistry and food. What is the output of automobiles, ships, airplanes, power generation equipment, agricultural machinery and electronic equipment accounting for 40% of the world? 0%, Russia, Germany, France, Britain and other countries have huge production scales. In addition, Swiss watches and clocks and precision instruments, heavy machinery in Czech and Slovakia, optical instruments in Germany, shipbuilding in Spain and shipbuilding and mining machinery in Sweden are all internationally renowned.

agriculture

Agriculture is the second largest production sector in Europe. The combination and intensive level of agriculture and animal husbandry are its important characteristics. Wheat, corn, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, beets, sunflowers, flax, etc. Mainly planting. Wheat production accounts for about 50% of the world total, and barley and oats account for more than 60% of the total. Horticulture is developed, mainly producing grapes and apples. Animal husbandry mainly focuses on raising pigs, cattle and sheep.

traffic

Europe has formed a huge comprehensive transportation network, and various modes of transportation are highly developed. Railways, highways, shipping and aviation are developed. The transportation industry ranks first on all continents in the world.

Topography: The general features of European topography are mainly plains, widely distributed glacial landforms and mountains in the south. Plateau, hills and mountains above 200 meters above sea level account for about 40% of the whole continent, of which only 15% is above 500,000 meters above sea level, and only 2% is above 2000 meters above sea level. The plains below 200 meters above sea level account for about 60% of the whole continent. The average elevation of the whole continent is 300 meters, the lowest. The European plain stretches for thousands of miles from the Atlantic coast in the west to the Urals in the east, forming a great plain across Europe. The Alps across the south are the largest mountains in Europe. Mount Elbrus, the main peak of the Great Caucasus Mountains in the southeast, is 5642 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Europe. Scandinavian mountains in northern Europe are relatively flat, with deep inland coasts and steep fjords on both sides. The lowlands along the northern coast of the Caspian Sea are 28 meters below sea level, which is the lowest point of the whole continent.

Climate: The climate in most parts of Europe is mild and humid. The north-south latitude of the mainland is 35, including the affiliated islands, which is only 47. Except the northern coast and the islands in the Arctic Ocean belong to the cold zone, the southern coast belongs to the subtropical zone, almost all of which are in the temperate zone. It is the continent with the widest temperate maritime climate in the world. Every place in western Europe is no more than 700 kilometers away from the ocean, while the farthest place in the east can reach 1600 kilometers away from the ocean. Therefore, Europe has made a transition from maritime climate to continental climate from west to east. Because of the vastness of the plain, the humid westerly wind blowing from the vast Atlantic Ocean can go deep into the inland without hindrance, and the humid air regulates the temperature. The North Atlantic Warm Current warms the whole coastal areas of western Europe and northern Europe. What is the largest area in Leng Yue? 16; The average temperature in the hottest month is mostly 8? Between four o'clock. Due to the distance from the Atlantic Ocean and the prevailing wind direction, the rainfall and its distribution are also different. The average annual precipitation on the windward slope near the Atlantic Ocean is above 65,438+0,000 mm, and the average annual precipitation on the vast low mountains, hills, plateaus and plains is between 500,000 mm.. The southern part of the three peninsulas in southern Europe is a subtropical Mediterranean winter precipitation area, and the winter precipitation accounts for about 30% of the annual precipitation. 0%。

Forests and grasslands: Europe has 874 million hectares of forest area, accounting for about 23 of the total forest area in the United States, of which the former Soviet Union has the largest forest area. Grassland area accounts for about 15% of the total grassland area in the world.