In people's lives, due to the initiative of the rulers, two major wonders appeared: one is witchcraft, "Fan was born in Jin, so there are witches in Jin ancestral halls." Fan Jushu left Liu behind, so

In people's lives, due to the initiative of the rulers, two major wonders appeared: one is witchcraft, "Fan was born in Jin, so there are witches in Jin ancestral halls." Fan Jushu left Liu behind, so it was established. Liu followed Daliang, so he had it. After the abundance, there is abundance in Jing, so there is. "The temples prospered. During the reign of Emperor Wen, Zhao Xinyuanping "talked about begging the gods" and built the Five Emperors Temple in Weiyang; when Emperor Wu of Liang conquered South Vietnam, he "ordered Wu Yue to build the Zhuyue Temple and the Temple of Heaven to worship ghosts and gods."), resulting in "the street "There are witches and there are wishes on the street." The concept of ghosts and gods is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, from the king of a country to the common people. In their hearts, they are closely united with the worship of ancestors and ghosts, and they are willing to make every effort to create an underground living environment. During the reign of Emperor Wu, Dong Zhongshu's admonition to "abolish hundreds of schools of thought and respect only Confucianism" was adopted by Emperor Wu, and its core contents such as "the unity of heaven and man", "Heaven is the king of all gods", and "the emperor is the order of heaven" were regarded as orthodox. It greatly deified the rule of the feudal dynasty and became the legal tool to govern the minds of all people. The Three Cardinal Guidelines and the Five Constant Rules became the norms of people's behavior and morality. Because of the subtle meaning of Confucian interpretation, they will be worshiped by the world in the future. The direct consequence of the long-term development of funerals is the trivial funeral rituals. The turbulent era in Nanyang's history was from the late Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms, and then to the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The people were in dire straits, there were hordes of tomb robbers, and the status of the ruling class was not stable. In this way, when people buried their deceased relatives, they naturally restrained the trend of heavy burials in the Han Dynasty. The rulers took the lead and went for thin burials. There have been comments in history books. . From the Three Kingdoms to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the feudal dynasty was about to complete the cycle of creation, prosperity, decline, and destruction of a dynasty, resulting in frequent wars, a desolate world, and a lack of hope for foreign Buddhism. It quickly occupied people's ideological space. Its ideas of soul immortality, reincarnation and karma were quickly accepted by people. In addition, Taoism began to rise in the middle of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and a large number of Taoist priests appeared in society, and they participated in folk sacrificial activities. , advocating the strengthening of the management of ghosts and gods who communicate freely through spells and charms. After long-term struggles in the ideological field, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism have learned from each other's strengths and gradually converged. From the perspective of the impact of the three religions on people's funeral consciousness, Confucianism has its special characteristics. The political background plays a leading role in people's behavioral awareness, while Taoism and Buddhism only strengthened people's awareness of funerals. Confucianism has dominated people's ideology for more than two thousand years, and the practice of thick burials and red tape has existed in all dynasties since the Han Dynasty. The repeated prohibitions fully prove this point. Since the Confucian etiquette norms restricted the emergence and development of people's awareness of thin burials, in the Han Dynasty, everyone was willing to bury their wealth in the ground regardless of their financial resources. There are only differences in the number of funerals, not in the concept of rich burials. From aristocrats and wealthy businessmen to common people, their views on the issue of rich burials are surprisingly consistent. In a sense, rich burials in feudal society have become people's independent choice. Ruler. If we dare to do something new and unconventional, it would be a great criticism of the world. The continuation of Nanyang's funeral culture has made the trend of thick burials a huge inertia in the historical process. The political, religious, cultural and other factors in its connotation are absorbed by time, making immortality and eternity a distinct theme of people's funeral activities. This is Cao Cao's notes: The world is not yet stable and does not follow the ancient times. After the burial, all the soldiers went out to serve, and those who left the chariot did not leave the chariot headquarters. Each department has its own responsibilities and keeps pace with the times. There are no hidden treasures. , and asked his successor to do as he wished. Since then, Nanyang folk's worship of thick burials has slightly restrained.

Compared with the past, the biggest change in folk funerals in Nanyang during the Sui and Tang Dynasties was the placement of painted pottery figurines in the tombs, with green dragons and white tigers painted on the tomb walls, and the sun, moon and stars on the top of the tomb. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, tombs were made of bricks imitating wood structures, and the funeral custom of burning fire paper was prevalent. Figurines and grave objects were made from paper and burned on the way to the funeral or piled on the grave. This custom is really frugal compared to the old days of burying large amounts of belongings underground. In 1968, Zhu Yuanzhang established the Ming Dynasty, ending the turbulent political life in the late Yuan Dynasty.

After more than 200 years of development, the social economy has gradually recovered and developed, social products have become increasingly abundant, and mid-term capitalism has sprouted, which has greatly promoted the development of productivity. But it also gave rise to the hedonistic consciousness of Nanyang people. The missionary activities of Western missionaries introduced Western culture into China, which greatly broadened the horizons of Ming people and led to the emergence of social trends that opposed Neo-Confucianism and emphasized individual liberation. People show unprecedented enthusiasm for money and enjoyment, and all walks of life are full of adventurous spirits in pursuit of money. During this period, the impetuous social mentality, restless social emotions, greedy pursuit of lust, carnality, and material desires, and the resulting arrogance, all violently impacted the feudal dogma in traditional funeral customs. This world is frivolous and luxurious. People who are alive just want to be happy today, regardless of everything behind them. Therefore, most people are unwilling to bury large amounts of gold and silver treasures underground, resulting in the content of tombs becoming simpler and simpler, and funerary objects are often replaced by symbolic items. However, the tombs of nobles and wealthy families are still relatively luxurious due to the constraints and influence of status, status, and etiquette. Of course, the issue of thin burials in the Ming Dynasty must be viewed dialectically. The thin burials at this time were very different from those in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. The Ming Dynasty's thin burials just didn't mean they didn't want to bury money in the ground, which doesn't mean they didn't want to spend more money on funerals. In fact, the extravagant trend of crossing the line has a big impact on funerals as well. Whenever there is a funeral, the mourner always tries his best to hold a grand banquet, reward the guests with wine and meat, arrange fasts, and set up a stage to perform plays. He didn't care about the deceased at all. The Dengzhou government "clothed and fed the coffin, cried and recited obituaries, hung drinks, and paid tribute to the family." Like a husband coming to a banquet, the singers were happy, the monks made offerings, the prison was broken, and the day of initiation was filled with funeral objects. , full of Taoism, taking pleasure in Chinese view. "

After the Ming and Qing Dynasties, funeral customs have undergone many reforms and evolutions, which have changed the shortcomings of traditional funerals. It has a certain significance in changing customs and reflects the progress of the times and the improvement of people's ideological understanding. However, due to Funeral is not a simple etiquette system. The changes in beliefs and concepts contained in it are more difficult and slower than the changes in etiquette. The inheritance of funeral customs makes it difficult to replace the traditional funeral rituals that have been followed for a long time since the Zhou and Qin Dynasties. What's more, in Nanyang with the same surname, the ancestral hall is heavily guarded. Even those who are determined to change the old etiquette will follow their will under the siege and criticism of powerful habitual forces, so as to avoid being accused of being unfilial and unrighteous. In folk lands, funeral ceremonies are still performed as rituals, and the world may not have a clear understanding of the harmfulness of some evil customs in traditional funerals. This is why traditional funeral customs are still popular.

With the development of the times, affected by many social factors, the funeral ritual system has changed greatly in different periods, while the folk funeral customs have not changed much and are basically in a relatively stable state. In modern times, folk funeral customs generally have the following procedures: Funeral. , setting up a funeral, choosing a tomb, making a fortune, bidding farewell to the mourner, reporting to the temple, burying, sending to the market, performing a funeral, being buried